Shakuntala and Other Works

Kalidasa (about 400), translated by Arthur W. Ryder · 1912

Mixed forms · 3,526 lines in 36 sections

India's greatest classical poet: the play of the lost ring, and the Cloud Messenger.

What this poem is

Abhijnanashakuntalam (Devanagari: अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तलम्, IAST: Abhijñānaśākuntalam), also known as Shakuntala, The Recognition of Shakuntala, The Sign of Shakuntala, is a Sanskrit play by the ancient Indian poet Kalidasa, dramatising the story of Shakuntala told in the epic Mahabharata and regarded as the best of Kalidasa's works. Its exact date is uncertain, but Kalidasa is often placed in the 4th century CE.

Plots similar to the play appear in earlier texts. There is a story mentioned in the Mahābhārata. A story of a similar plot appears in the Buddhist Jātaka tales as well. In the Mahābhārata, the story appears as a precursor to the Pāṇḍava and Kaūrava lineages. In the story, King Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā meet in the forest, become estranged and ultimately reunited. Their son Bharata is said to have laid the foundation of the dynasty that ultimately led to Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas.

Adapted from the Wikipedia article “Shakuntala (play)” (revision 1367336495), used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Laurel's own notes and measurements are not from Wikipedia.

Measured across the book

Across its 3,526 lines, 93% of stressed syllables fall on the beat (95% interval 92% to 94%). Alliteration runs at 1.02 times what shuffling the words would give (0.28 observed against 0.28 expected). 26% of the lines have a feminine ending.

Baselines and intervals are described in the methods.

Contents

Kalidasa—His Life and Writings26 linesSelect Bibliographyunrhymed · 6 linesKalidasaiambic pentameter · 22 linesBenediction upon the Audienceiambic tetrameter · 29 linesThe Huntiambic tetrameter · 184 linesThe Secretiambic tetrameter · 49 linesKingiambic tetrameter · 50 linesDoor-keeper. Yesiambic pentameter · 10 linesThe Love-Makingiambic tetrameter · 63 linesKing213 linesKanvaiambic tetrameter · 119 linesShakuntala's Rejectioniambic tetrameter · 97 linesGautamiiambic tetrameter · 76 linesChaplainiambic tetrameter · 7 linesSeparation from Shakuntalacommon measure · 70 linesKingiambic tetrameter · 63 linesKingiambic trimeter · 16 linesChamberlainiambic pentameter · AABB · 25 linesMataliiambic tetrameter · 15 linesAct VIIiambic tetrameter · 31 linesMataliiambic tetrameter · AABB · 6 linesKingiambic tetrameter · 179 linesThe Epic Tale18 linesI.—"Malavika and Agnimitra"iambic pentameter · 20 linesThe Dynasty of Raghuiambic pentameter · 466 linesThe Birth of the War-Godiambic pentameter · ABAB · 511 linesFormer Cloudiambic pentameter · ABABB · 83 linesThe Mango Peakiambic pentameter · ABABB · 242 linesLatter Cloudiambic pentameter · ABABB · 296 linesSummeriambic tetrameter · ABABCDCD · 40 linesThe Rainsiambic tetrameter · ABABCDCD · 32 linesAutumniambic tetrameter · ABABCDCD · 24 linesWinteriambic tetrameter · 24 linesEarly Springiambic tetrameter · ABABCDCD · 24 linesSpringiambic tetrameter · ABABCDCD · 24 linesPress Letchworth in Great Britain366 lines

About this text

Public domain. Text from Shakuntala and Other Works, Project Gutenberg ebook #16659. Free to read, print, copy and reuse.

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