Early Spring

Kalidasa (about 400), translated by Arthur W. Ryder · 1912

iambic tetrameter · ABABCDCD · 24 lines · from Shakuntala and Other Works

Now, dearest, lend a heedful earAnd listen while I singDelights to every maiden dear,The charms of early spring:When earth is dotted with the heapsOf corn, when heron-screamIs rare but sweet, when passion leapsAnd paints a livelier dream.

When all must cheerfully applaudA blazing open fire;Or if they needs must go abroad,The sun is their desire;When everybody hopes to findThe frosty chill allayedBy garments warm, a window-blindShut, and a sweet young maid.

Then may the days of early springFor you be rich and fullWith love's proud, soft philanderingAnd many a candy-pull,With sweetest rice and sugar-cane:And may you float aboveThe absent grieving and the painOf separated love.

Words in this poem

cheerfully adv.
In a cheerful manner, gladly.
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Early Spring is in the public domain. This text is taken from Shakuntala and Other Works, Project Gutenberg ebook #16659, the Arthur W. Ryder translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Kalidasa, Early Spring, in Shakuntala and Other Works (1912), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16659, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/kalidasa-shakuntala/early-spring.html, id L15659.

Form and metre

Early Spring is 24 lines in 3 stanzas of 8 lines each. Every stanza rhymes ABABCDCD. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.2 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 58% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCDCD earA · singB · dearA · springB · heapsC · screamD · leapsC · dreamD
  2. 2 ABABCDCD applaudA · fireB · abroadA · desireB · findC · allayedD · blindC · maidD
  3. 3 ABABCDCD springA · fullB · philanderingA · pullB · caneC · aboveD · painC · loveD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Now, dearest, lend a heedful ear8·/˘··/˘·
And listen while I sing6·/˘···
Delights to every maiden dear,9˘/·/˘˘/˘·
The charms of early spring:6···/˘·
When earth is dotted with the heaps8···/˘···
Of corn, when heron-scream6···/˘·
Is rare but sweet, when passion leaps8·····/˘·
And paints a livelier dream.7···/˘˘·
When all must cheerfully applaud8···/˘˘˘/
A blazing open fire;7·/˘/˘/˘
Or if they needs must go abroad,8······˘/
The sun is their desire;7····˘/˘
When everybody hopes to find8·/˘·˘···
The frosty chill allayed6·/˘·˘/
By garments warm, a window-blind8·/˘··/˘·
Shut, and a sweet young maid.6······
Then may the days of early spring8·····/˘·
For you be rich and full6······
With love's proud, soft philandering8····˘/˘˘
And many a candy-pull,7·/˘·/˘·
With sweetest rice and sugar-cane:8·/˘··/˘·
And may you float above6······
The absent grieving and the pain8·/˘/˘···
Of separated love.6·/˘·˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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