Parodos

Euripides (480 BC–406 BC), translated by Gilbert Murray · 1905

iambic tetrameter · 183 lines · from The Trojan Women

(The day slowly dawns: HECUBA wakes.)

HECUBA.Up from the earth, O weary head!This is not Troy, about, above--Not Troy, nor we the lords thereof.Thou breaking neck, be strengthened!

Endure and chafe not. The winds raveAnd falter. Down the world's wide road,Float, float where streams the breath of God;Nor turn thy prow to breast the wave.

Ah woe! . . . For what woe lacketh here?My children lost, my land, my lord.O thou great wealth of glory, storedOf old in Ilion, year by year

We watched . . . and wert thou nothingness?What is there that I fear to say?And yet, what help? . . . Ah, well-a-day,This ache of lying, comfortless

And haunted! Ah, my side, my browAnd temples! All with changeful painMy body rocketh, and would fainMove to the tune of tears that flow:For tears are music too, and keepA song unheard in hearts that weep.

(She rises and gazes towards the Greek ships far off on the shore.)

O ships, O crowding facesOf ships, O hurrying beatOf oars as of crawling feet,How found ye our holy places?Threading the narrows through,Out from the gulfs of the Greek,Out to the clear dark blue,With hate ye came and with joy,And the noise of your music flew,Clarion and pipe did shriek,As the coiled cords ye threw,Held in the heart of Troy!

What sought ye then that ye came?A woman, a thing abhorred:A King's wife that her lordHateth: and Castor's shameIs hot for her sake, and the reedsOf old Eurotas stirWith the noise of the name of her.She slew mine ancient King,The Sower of fifty Seeds,And cast forth mine and me,As shipwrecked men, that clingTo a reef in an empty sea.

Who am I that I sitHere at a Greek king's door,Yea, in the dust of it?A slave that men drive before,A woman that hath no home,Weeping alone for her dead;A low and bruised head,And the glory struck therefrom.

(She starts up from her solitary brooding, and calls to the other Trojan Women in the huts.)

O Mothers of the Brazen Spear,And maidens, maidens, brides of shame,Troy is a smoke, a dying flame;Together we will weep for her:I call ye as a wide-wing'd birdCalleth the children of her fold,To cry, ah, not the cry men heardIn Ilion, not the songs of old,That echoed when my hand was trueOn Priam's sceptre, and my feetTouched on the stone one signal beat,And out the Dardan music rolled;And Troy's great Gods gave ear thereto.

(The door of one of the huts on the right opens, and the Women steal out severally, startled and afraid.)

FIRST WOMAN.How say'st thou? Whither moves thy cry,Thy bitter cry? Behind our doorWe heard thy heavy heart outpourIts sorrow: and there shivered byFear and a quick sob shakenFrom prisoned hearts that shall be free no more!

HECUBA.Child, 'tis the ships that stir upon the shore . . .

SECOND WOMAN.The ships, the ships awaken!

THIRD WOMAN.Dear God, what would they? OverseasBear me afar to strange cities?

HECUBA.Nay, child, I know not. Dreams are these,Fears of the hope-forsaken.

FIRST WOMAN.Awake, O daughters of affliction, wakeAnd learn your lots! Even now the Argives breakTheir camp for sailing!

HECUBA.Ah, not Cassandra! Wake not herWhom God hath maddened, lest the foeMock at her dreaming. Leave me clearFrom that one edge of woe.O Troy, my Troy, thou diest hereMost lonely; and most lonely weThe living wander forth from thee,And the dead leave thee wailing!

(One of the huts on the left is now open, and the rest of the CHORUS come out severally. Their number eventually amounts to fifteen.)

FOURTH WOMAN.Out of the tent of the Greek kingI steal, my Queen, with trembling breath:What means thy call? Not death; not death!They would not slay so low a thing!

FIFTH WOMAN.O, 'tis the ship-folk cryingTo deck the galleys: and we part, we part!

HECUBA.Nay, daughter: take the morning to thine heart.

FIFTH WOMAN.My heart with dread is dying!

SIXTH WOMAN.An herald from the Greek hath come!

FIFTH WOMAN.How have they cast me, and to whomA bondmaid?

HECUBA. Peace, child: wait thy doom.Our lots are near the trying.

FOURTH WOMAN.Argos, belike, or Phthia shall it be,Or some lone island of the tossing sea,Far, far from Troy?

HECUBA.And I the aged, where go I,A winter-frozen bee, a slaveDeath-shapen, as the stones that lieHewn on a dead man's grave:The children of mine enemyTo foster, or keep watch beforeThe threshold of a master's door,I that was Queen in Troy!

A WOMAN TO ANOTHER.And thou, what tears can tell thy doom?

THE OTHER.The shuttle still shall flit and changeBeneath my fingers, but the loom,Sister, be strange.

ANOTHER (wildly).Look, my dead child! My child, my love,The last look. . . .

ANOTHER. Oh, there cometh worse.A Greek's bed in the dark. . . .

ANOTHER. God curseThat night and all the powers thereof!

ANOTHER.Or pitchers to and fro to bearTo some Pirene on the hill,Where the proud water craveth stillIts broken-hearted minister.

ANOTHER.God guide me yet to Theseus' land,The gentle land, the famed afar . . .

ANOTHER.But not the hungry foam--Ah, never!--Of fierce Eurotas, Helen's river,To bow to Menelaus' hand,That wasted Troy with war!

A WOMAN.They told us of a land high-born,Where glimmers round Olympus' rootsA lordly river, red with cornAnd burdened fruits.

ANOTHER.Aye, that were next in my desireTo Athens, where good spirits dwell . . .

ANOTHER.Or Aetna's breast, the deeps of fireThat front the Tyrian's Citadel:First mother, she, of SicilyAnd mighty mountains: fame hath toldTheir crowns of goodness manifold. . . .

ANOTHER.And, close beyond the narrowing sea,A sister land, where float enchantedIonian summits, wave on wave,And Crathis of the burning tressesMakes red the happy vale, and blessesWith gold of fountains spirit-hauntedHomes of true men and brave!

Words in this poem 27
falter v. t.
To thrash in the chaff; also, to cleanse or sift, as barley.
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
ache n.
A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. Holland. [F. ache, L. apium parsley.]
comfortless a.
Without comfort or comforts; in want or distress; cheerless.
haunted a.
Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
changeful a.
Full of change; mutable; inconstant; fickle; uncertain.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
unheard a.
Not heard; not perceived by the ear; as, words unheard by those present.
clarion n.
A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill. [OE. clarioun, OF. clarion, F. clairon, LL. clario, claro; so called from its clear tone, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.]
sower n.
One who, or that which, sows.
sceptre n.
A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
whither adv.
To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who; cf. Goth. hvadre whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.]
outpour n.
A flowing out; a free discharge.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
overseas adv.
Over the sea; abroad. Milton.
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
eventually adv.
In an eventual manner; finally; ultimately.
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
bondmaid n.
A female slave, or one bound to service without wages, as distinguished from a hired servant. [Bond,a.orn.+ maid.]
belike adv.
It is likely or probably; perhaps. -- Be*like"ly, adv. [Pref. be- (for by) + like.]
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
flit a.
Nimble; quick; swift. See Fleet.
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
narrowing n.
The act of contracting, or of making or becoming less in breadth or extent.
enchanted a.
Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.
ionian a.
Of or pertaining to Ionia or the Ionians; Ionic. [L. Ionius. See Ionic.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Parodos is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Trojan Women of Euripides, translated into English rhyming verse by Gilbert Murray, Project Gutenberg ebook #35171, the Gilbert Murray translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Euripides, Parodos, in The Trojan Women (1905), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #35171, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/euripides-trojan-women/parodos.html, id L28777.

Form and metre

Parodos is 183 lines in 42 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 --AA- hecuba · head · aboveA · thereofA · strengthened
  2. 3 A--A raveA · road · god · waveA
  3. 4 ABBA hereA · lordB · storedB · yearA
  4. 5 ABBA nothingnessA · sayB · dayB · comfortlessA
  5. 6 -AA-BB brow · painA · fainA · flow · keepB · weepB
  6. 8 ABBACDCECDCE facesA · beatB · feetB · placesA · throughC · greekD · blueC · joyE · flewC · shriekD · threwC · troyE
  7. 9 ABBACDDECFEF cameA · abhorredB · lordB · shameA · reedsC · stirD · herD · kingE · seedsC · meF · clingE · seaF
  8. 10 ABAB-CC- sitA · doorB · itA · beforeB · home · deadC · headC · therefrom
  9. 12 -AA-BCBC-DDC- spear · shameA · flameA · her · birdB · foldC · heardB · oldC · true · feetD · beatD · rolledC · thereto
  10. 14 -ABBA-B woman · cryA · doorB · outpourB · byA · shaken · moreB
  11. 17 -AA woman · overseasA · citiesA
  12. 19 -AA- woman · wakeA · breakA · sailing
  13. 20 --ABABCC- hecuba · her · foeA · clearB · woeA · hereB · weC · theeC · wailing
  14. 22 -ABBA woman · kingA · breathB · deathB · thingA
  15. 29 -AA- woman · beA · seaA · troy
  16. 30 -ABAB-CC- hecuba · iA · slaveB · lieA · graveB · enemy · beforeC · doorC · troy
  17. 32 -A-A other · changeA · loom · strangeA
  18. 36 --AA- another · bear · hillA · stillA · minister
  19. 39 -ABAB woman · bornA · rootsB · cornA · fruitsB
  20. 41 ----AA another · fire · citadel · sicily · toldA · manifoldA
  21. 42 ---ABB-A another · sea · enchanted · waveA · tressesB · blessesB · haunted · braveA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
(The day slowly dawns: HECUBA wakes.)8··/˘·/˘·
HECUBA.3/˘˘
Up from the earth, O weary head!8·····/˘·
This is not Troy, about, above--8········
Not Troy, nor we the lords thereof.8········
Thou breaking neck, be strengthened!8·/˘··/˘˘
Endure and chafe not. The winds rave8˘/······
And falter. Down the world's wide road,8·/˘·····
Float, float where streams the breath of God;8········
Nor turn thy prow to breast the wave.8········
Ah woe! . . . For what woe lacketh here?8·····/˘·
My children lost, my land, my lord.8·/˘·····
O thou great wealth of glory, stored8·····/˘·
Of old in Ilion, year by year8········
We watched . . . and wert thou nothingness?8·····/˘˘
What is there that I fear to say?8········
And yet, what help? . . . Ah, well-a-day,8········
This ache of lying, comfortless8···/˘/˘˘
And haunted! Ah, my side, my brow8·/˘·····
And temples! All with changeful pain8·/˘··/˘·
My body rocketh, and would fain8·/˘/˘···
Move to the tune of tears that flow:8········
For tears are music too, and keep8···/˘···
A song unheard in hearts that weep.8··˘/····
(She rises and gazes towards the Greek ships far off on the shore.)15·/˘·/˘·········
O ships, O crowding faces7···/˘/˘
Of ships, O hurrying beat7···/˘˘·
Of oars as of crawling feet,7····/˘·
How found ye our holy places?9···/˘/˘/˘
Threading the narrows through,6/˘·/˘·
Out from the gulfs of the Greek,7·······
Out to the clear dark blue,6······
With hate ye came and with joy,7·······
And the noise of your music flew,8·····/˘·
Clarion and pipe did shriek,7/˘˘····
As the coiled cords ye threw,7···˘···
Held in the heart of Troy!6······
What sought ye then that ye came?7·······
A woman, a thing abhorred:8·/˘··˘/˘
A King's wife that her lord6······
Hateth: and Castor's shame6···/˘·
Is hot for her sake, and the reeds8········
Of old Eurotas stir6······
With the noise of the name of her.8········
She slew mine ancient King,6···/˘·
The Sower of fifty Seeds,7·/˘·/˘·
And cast forth mine and me,6······
As shipwrecked men, that cling7·/˘˘···
To a reef in an empty sea.8·····/˘·
Who am I that I sit6······
Here at a Greek king's door,6······
Yea, in the dust of it?6······
A slave that men drive before,7·······
A woman that hath no home,7·/˘····
Weeping alone for her dead;7/˘˘/···
A low and bruised head,5·····
And the glory struck therefrom.7··/˘·˘/
(She starts up from her solitary brooding, and calls to the other Trojan Women in the huts.)24·····/˘·˘/˘····/˘/˘/˘···
O Mothers of the Brazen Spear,8·/˘··/˘·
And maidens, maidens, brides of shame,8·/˘/˘···
Troy is a smoke, a dying flame;8·····/˘·
Together we will weep for her:8˘/˘·····
I call ye as a wide-wing'd bird8········
Calleth the children of her fold,8/˘·/˘···
To cry, ah, not the cry men heard8········
In Ilion, not the songs of old,8········
That echoed when my hand was true8·/˘·····
On Priam's sceptre, and my feet8·/·/˘···
Touched on the stone one signal beat,8·····/˘·
And out the Dardan music rolled;8·····/˘·
And Troy's great Gods gave ear thereto.8······˘/
(The door of one of the huts on the right opens, and the Women steal out severally, startled and afraid.)25··········/˘··/˘··/˘/˘·˘/
FIRST WOMAN.3·/˘
How say'st thou? Whither moves thy cry,8···/˘···
Thy bitter cry? Behind our door8·/˘···/·
We heard thy heavy heart outpour8···/˘··/
Its sorrow: and there shivered by8·/˘··/˘·
Fear and a quick sob shaken7·····/˘
From prisoned hearts that shall be free no more!10·/˘·······
HECUBA.3/˘˘
Child, 'tis the ships that stir upon the shore . . .10··········
SECOND WOMAN.4/˘/˘
The ships, the ships awaken!7····˘/˘
THIRD WOMAN.3·/˘
Dear God, what would they? Overseas8·····/˘/
Bear me afar to strange cities?8··˘/··/˘
HECUBA.3/˘˘
Nay, child, I know not. Dreams are these,8········
Fears of the hope-forsaken.7····˘/˘
FIRST WOMAN.3·/˘
Awake, O daughters of affliction, wake10˘/·/˘·˘/˘·
And learn your lots! Even now the Argives break10····/·····
Their camp for sailing!5···/˘
HECUBA.3/˘˘
Ah, not Cassandra! Wake not her8··˘/˘···
Whom God hath maddened, lest the foe8···/˘···
Mock at her dreaming. Leave me clear8···/˘···
From that one edge of woe.6······
O Troy, my Troy, thou diest here7·······
Most lonely; and most lonely we8·/˘··/˘·
The living wander forth from thee,8·/˘/˘···
And the dead leave thee wailing!7·····/˘
(One of the huts on the left is now open, and the rest of the CHORUS come out severally. Their number eventually amounts to fifteen.)33·········/˘·····/˘··/˘·/˘˘/˘˘/·˘/
FOURTH WOMAN.3·/˘
Out of the tent of the Greek king8········
I steal, my Queen, with trembling breath:8·····/˘·
What means thy call? Not death; not death!8········
They would not slay so low a thing!8········
FIFTH WOMAN.3·/˘
O, 'tis the ship-folk crying7·····/˘
To deck the galleys: and we part, we part!10···/˘·····
HECUBA.3/˘˘
Nay, daughter: take the morning to thine heart.10·/˘··/˘···
FIFTH WOMAN.3·/˘
My heart with dread is dying!7·····/˘
SIXTH WOMAN.3·/˘
An herald from the Greek hath come!8·/˘·····
FIFTH WOMAN.3·/˘
How have they cast me, and to whom8········
A bondmaid?3·/˘
HECUBA. Peace, child: wait thy doom.8/˘˘·····
Our lots are near the trying.8/˘····/˘
FOURTH WOMAN.3·/˘
Argos, belike, or Phthia shall it be,9/˘˘/·····
Or some lone island of the tossing sea,10···/˘··/˘·
Far, far from Troy?4····
HECUBA.3/˘˘
And I the aged, where go I,7·······
A winter-frozen bee, a slave8·/˘/˘···
Death-shapen, as the stones that lie8········
Hewn on a dead man's grave:6······
The children of mine enemy8·/˘··/˘˘
To foster, or keep watch before8·/˘·····
The threshold of a master's door,8·/···/˘·
I that was Queen in Troy!6······
A WOMAN TO ANOTHER.7·/˘·˘/˘
And thou, what tears can tell thy doom?8········
THE OTHER.3·/˘
The shuttle still shall flit and change8·/˘·····
Beneath my fingers, but the loom,8···/˘···
Sister, be strange.4/˘··
ANOTHER (wildly).5˘/˘/˘
Look, my dead child! My child, my love,8········
The last look. . . .3···
ANOTHER. Oh, there cometh worse.8˘/˘··/˘·
A Greek's bed in the dark. . . .6······
ANOTHER. God curse5˘/˘··
That night and all the powers thereof!8·····/··
ANOTHER.3˘/˘
Or pitchers to and fro to bear8·/˘·····
To some Pirene on the hill,7·······
Where the proud water craveth still8···/˘/˘·
Its broken-hearted minister.8·/˘/˘/˘˘
ANOTHER.3˘/˘
God guide me yet to Theseus' land,8········
The gentle land, the famed afar . . .8·/˘···˘/
ANOTHER.3˘/˘
But not the hungry foam--Ah, never!--9···/˘··/˘
Of fierce Eurotas, Helen's river,9·····/˘/˘
To bow to Menelaus' hand,7·······
That wasted Troy with war!6·/˘···
A WOMAN.3·/˘
They told us of a land high-born,8········
Where glimmers round Olympus' roots8·/˘·˘/˘·
A lordly river, red with corn8·/˘/˘···
And burdened fruits.4·/˘·
ANOTHER.3˘/˘
Aye, that were next in my desire9······˘/˘
To Athens, where good spirits dwell . . .8·/˘··/˘·
ANOTHER.3˘/˘
Or Aetna's breast, the deeps of fire9·/˘····/˘
That front the Tyrian's Citadel:8·····/˘·
First mother, she, of Sicily8·/˘··/˘˘
And mighty mountains: fame hath told8·/˘/˘···
Their crowns of goodness manifold. . . .8···/˘/˘·
ANOTHER.3˘/˘
And, close beyond the narrowing sea,8·····/˘·
A sister land, where float enchanted9·/˘···˘/˘
Ionian summits, wave on wave,9˘/˘˘/˘···
And Crathis of the burning tresses9·····/˘/˘
Makes red the happy vale, and blesses9···/˘··/˘
With gold of fountains spirit-haunted9···/˘/˘/˘
Homes of true men and brave!6······

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