Prologue

Euripides (480 BC–406 BC), translated by Gilbert Murray · 1906

iambic pentameter · 174 lines · from Medea

(The Scene represents the front of MEDEA'S House in Corinth. A road to the right leads towards the royal castle, one on the left to the harbour. The NURSE is discovered alone.)

NURSE.Would God no Argo e'er had winged the seasTo Colchis through the blue Symplegades:No shaft of riven pine in Pelion's glenShaped that first oar-blade in the hands of menValiant, who won, to save King Pelias' vow,The fleece All-golden! Never then, I trow,Mine own princess, her spirit wounded soreWith love of Jason, to the encastled shoreHad sailed of old Iolcos: never wroughtThe daughters of King Pelias, knowing not,To spill their father's life: nor fled in fear,Hunted for that fierce sin, to Corinth hereWith Jason and her babes. This folk at needStood friend to her, and she in word and deedServed alway Jason. Surely this doth bind,Through all ill days, the hurts of humankind,When man and woman in one music move.But now, the world is angry, and true loveSick as with poison. Jason doth forsakeMy mistress and his own two sons, to makeHis couch in a king's chamber. He must wed:Wed with this Creon's child, who now is headAnd chief of Corinth. Wherefore sore betrayedMedea calleth up the oath they made,They two, and wakes the clasped hands again,The troth surpassing speech, and cries amainOn God in heaven to mark the end, and howJason hath paid his debt.All fasting nowAnd cold, her body yielded up to pain,Her days a waste of weeping, she hath lain,Since first she knew that he was false. Her eyesAre lifted not; and all her visage liesIn the dust. If friends will speak, she hears no moreThan some dead rock or wave that beats the shore:Only the white throat in a sudden shameMay writhe, and all alone she moans the nameOf father, and land, and home, forsook that dayFor this man's sake, who casteth her away.Not to be quite shut out from home . . . alas,She knoweth now how rare a thing that was!Methinks she hath a dread, not joy, to seeHer children near. 'Tis this that maketh meMost tremble, lest she do I know not what.Her heart is no light thing, and useth notTo brook much wrong. I know that woman, aye,And dread her! Will she creep alone to dieBleeding in that old room, where still is laidLord Jason's bed? She hath for that a bladeMade keen. Or slay the bridegroom and the king,And win herself God knows what direr thing?'Tis a fell spirit. Few, I ween, shall stirHer hate unscathed, or lightly humble her.Ha! 'Tis the children from their games again,Rested and gay; and all their mother's painForgotten! Young lives ever turn from gloom!

(The CHILDREN and their ATTENDANT come in.)

ATTENDANT.Thou ancient treasure of my lady's room,What mak'st thou here before the gates alone,And alway turning on thy lips some moanOf old mischances? Will our mistress beContent, this long time to be left by thee?

NURSE.Grey guard of Jason's children, a good thrallHath his own grief, if any hurt befallHis masters. Aye, it holds one's heart! . . .MeseemsI have strayed out so deep in evil dreams,I longed to rest me here alone, and cryMedea's wrongs to this still Earth and Sky.

ATTENDANT.How? Are the tears yet running in her eyes?

NURSE.'Twere good to be like thee! . . . Her sorrow liesScarce wakened yet, not half its perils wrought.

ATTENDANT.Mad spirit! . . . if a man may speak his thoughtOf masters mad.--And nothing in her earsHath sounded yet of her last cause for tears!

(He moves towards the house, but the NURSE checks him.)

NURSE.What cause, old man? . . . Nay, grudge me not one word.

ATTENDANT.'Tis nothing. Best forget what thou hast heard.

NURSE.Nay, housemate, by thy beard! Hold it not hidFrom me. . . . I will keep silence if thou bid.

ATTENDANT.I heard an old man talking, where he sateAt draughts in the sun, beside the fountain gate,And never thought of me, there standing stillBeside him. And he said, 'Twas Creon's will,Being lord of all this land, that she be sent,And with her her two sons, to banishment.Maybe 'tis all false. For myself, I knowNo further, and I would it were not so.

NURSE.Jason will never bear it--his own sonsBanished,--however hot his anger runsAgainst their mother!

ATTENDANT.Old love burneth lowWhen new love wakes, men say. He is not nowHusband nor father here, nor any kin.

NURSE.But this is ruin! New waves breaking inTo wreck us, ere we are righted from the old!

ATTENDANT.Well, hold thy peace. Our mistress will be toldAll in good time. Speak thou no word hereof.

NURSE.My babes! What think ye of your father's love?God curse him not, he is my master still:But, oh, to them that loved him, 'tis an illFriend. . . .

ATTENDANT.And what man on earth is different? How?Hast thou lived all these years, and learned but nowThat every man more loveth his own headThan other men's? He dreameth of the bedOf this new bride, and thinks not of his sons.

NURSE.Go: run into the house, my little ones:All will end happily! . . . Keep them apart:Let not their mother meet them while her heartIs darkened. Yester night I saw a flameStand in her eye, as though she hated them,And would I know not what. For sure her wrathWill never turn nor slumber, till she hath . . .Go: and if some must suffer, may it beNot we who love her, but some enemy!

VOICE (within).Oh shame and pain: O woe is me!Would I could die in my misery!

(The CHILDREN and the ATTENDANT go in.)

NURSE.Ah, children, hark! She moves againHer frozen heart, her sleeping wrath.In, quick! And never cross her path,Nor rouse that dark eye in its pain;

That fell sea-spirit, and the direSpring of a will untaught, unbowed.Quick, now!--Methinks this weeping cloudHath in its heart some thunder-fire,

Slow gathering, that must flash ere long.I know not how, for ill or well,It turns, this uncontrollableTempestuous spirit, blind with wrong.

VOICE (within).Have I not suffered? Doth it callNo tears? . . . Ha, ye beside the wallUnfathered children, God hate youAs I am hated, and him, too,That gat you, and this house and all!

NURSE.For pity! What have they to do,Babes, with their father's sin? Why callThy curse on these? . . . Ah, children, allThese days my bosom bleeds for you.

Rude are the wills of princes: yea,Prevailing alway, seldom crossed,On fitful winds their moods are tossed:'Tis best men tread the equal way.

Aye, not with glory but with peaceMay the long summers find me crowned:For gentleness--her very soundIs magic, and her usages.

All wholesome: but the fiercely greatHath little music on his road,And falleth, when the hand of GodShall move, most deep and desolate.

Words in this poem 28
harbour n.
A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here ar]
valiant a.
Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
trow v. i.
To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [OE. trowen, AS.treówan to trust, believe, fr. treów trust, treówe true, faithful. See True.]
princess n.
A female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a prince. [F. princesse. See Prince, and cf. Princesse.]
spill n.
A bit of wood split off; a splinter. [sq. root170. Cf. Spell a splinter.]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
troth n.
Belief; faith; fidelity. [A variant of truth. See Truth.]
amain adv.
With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
visage n.
The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; -- chiefly applied to the human face. [F. visage, from L. visus a seeing, a look, fr. videre, visum, to see. See Vision.]
methinks v.
It seems to me; I think. See Me. [AS. þyncan to seem, me þynceedh, me þuhte, OE. me thinketh, me thoughte; akin to G. dünken to seem, denken to think, and E. think. See Me, and Think.]
bridegroom n.
A man newly married, or just about to be married. [OE. bridegome, brudgume, AS. br (akin to OS. br, D. bruidegom, bruigom, OHG. pr, MHG. briutegome, G. bräutigam); AS. br bride + guma man, akin to Goth. guma, Ic]
ween v. i.
To think; to imagine; to fancy. [OE. wenen, AS. w, fr. w hope, expectation, opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w, OS. & OHG. wan, G. wahn delusion, Icel. van hope, expectation, Goth. w, and D. w]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
meseems v.
It seems to me.
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
housemate n.
One who dwells in the same house with another. R. Browning.
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
maybe adv.
Perhaps; possibly; peradventure. [For it may be.]
hereof adv.
Of this; concerning this; from this; hence.
happily adv.
By chance; peradventure; haply. Piers Plowman. [From Happy.]
yester a.
Last; last past; next before; of or pertaining to yesterday. [See Yesterday.]
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
unbowed a.
Not bent or arched; not bowed down. [Pref. un- not + bowed.]
unfathered a.
Having no father; fatherless; hence, born contrary to nature.
fitful a.
Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable. [From 7th Fit.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Prologue is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Medea of Euripides, translated into English rhyming verse by Gilbert Murray, Project Gutenberg ebook #35451, the Gilbert Murray translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Euripides, Prologue, in Medea (1906), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #35451, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/euripides-medea/prologue.html, id L28750.

Form and metre

Prologue is 174 lines in 30 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 ---AA--BB--CCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJK-KJJLLMMNNOO--PP--PPQQRRSS--- nurse · seas · symplegades · glenA · menA · vow · trow · soreB · shoreB · wrought · not · fearC · hereC · needD · deedD · bindE · humankindE · moveF · loveF · forsakeG · makeG · wedH · headH · betrayedI · madeI · againJ · amainJ · howK · debt · nowK · painJ · lainJ · eyesL · liesL · moreM · shoreM · shameN · nameN · dayO · awayO · alas · was · seeP · meP · what · not · ayeP · dieP · laidQ · bladeQ · kingR · thingR · stirS · herS · again · pain · gloom
  2. 4 --AABB attendant · room · aloneA · moanA · beB · theeB
  3. 5 -AA-BBCC nurse · thrallA · befallA · heart · meseemsB · dreamsB · cryC · skyC
  4. 8 --AA attendant · thought · earsA · tearsA
  5. 12 -AA nurse · hidA · bidA
  6. 13 -AABBCCDD attendant · sateA · gateA · stillB · willB · sentC · banishmentC · knowD · soD
  7. 14 -AA- nurse · sonsA · runsA · mother
  8. 18 --AA- nurse · love · stillA · illA · friend
  9. 19 -AABB- attendant · howA · nowA · headB · bedB · sons
  10. 20 --AA--BB-- nurse · ones · apartA · heartA · flame · them · wrathB · hathB · be · enemy
  11. 23 -ABBA nurse · againA · wrathB · pathB · painA
  12. 24 ABBA direA · unbowedB · cloudB · fireA
  13. 25 ABBA longA · wellB · uncontrollableB · wrongA
  14. 26 -AABBA within · callA · wallA · youB · tooB · allA
  15. 27 -ABBA nurse · doA · callB · allB · youA
  16. 28 ABBA yeaA · crossedB · tossedB · wayA
  17. 29 ABBA peaceA · crownedB · soundB · usagesA
  18. 30 ABBA greatA · roadB · godB · desolateA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
(The Scene represents the front of MEDEA'S House in Corinth. A road to the right leads towards the royal castle, one on the left to the harbour. The NURSE is discovered alone.)43···˘/···˘/˘··/˘········/˘/˘······/˘···˘/˘˘/
NURSE.1·
Would God no Argo e'er had winged the seas10···/˘·····
To Colchis through the blue Symplegades:9·········
No shaft of riven pine in Pelion's glen10···/˘·····
Shaped that first oar-blade in the hands of men10··········
Valiant, who won, to save King Pelias' vow,10/˘········
The fleece All-golden! Never then, I trow,10···/˘/˘···
Mine own princess, her spirit wounded sore10··/˘·/˘/˘·
With love of Jason, to the encastled shore10···/˘·····
Had sailed of old Iolcos: never wrought10··˘····/˘·
The daughters of King Pelias, knowing not,10·/˘····/˘·
To spill their father's life: nor fled in fear,10···/˘·····
Hunted for that fierce sin, to Corinth here10/˘·····/˘·
With Jason and her babes. This folk at need10·/˘·······
Stood friend to her, and she in word and deed10··········
Served alway Jason. Surely this doth bind,10·/˘/˘/˘···
Through all ill days, the hurts of humankind,10·······/˘·
When man and woman in one music move.10···/˘··/˘·
But now, the world is angry, and true love10·····/˘···
Sick as with poison. Jason doth forsake10···/˘/˘·˘/
My mistress and his own two sons, to make10·/˘·······
His couch in a king's chamber. He must wed:10·····/˘···
Wed with this Creon's child, who now is head9·········
And chief of Corinth. Wherefore sore betrayed10···/˘/˘·˘/
Medea calleth up the oath they made,10˘/˘/˘·····
They two, and wakes the clasped hands again,10······˘·˘/
The troth surpassing speech, and cries amain10··˘/˘···˘/
On God in heaven to mark the end, and how10···/······
Jason hath paid his debt.6/˘····
All fasting now4·/˘·
And cold, her body yielded up to pain,10···/˘/˘···
Her days a waste of weeping, she hath lain,10·····/˘···
Since first she knew that he was false. Her eyes10··········
Are lifted not; and all her visage lies10·/˘····/˘·
In the dust. If friends will speak, she hears no more11···········
Than some dead rock or wave that beats the shore:10··········
Only the white throat in a sudden shame10/˘·····/˘·
May writhe, and all alone she moans the name10····˘/····
Of father, and land, and home, forsook that day11·/˘····˘/··
For this man's sake, who casteth her away.10·····/˘·˘/
Not to be quite shut out from home . . . alas,10········˘/
She knoweth now how rare a thing that was!10·/˘·······
Methinks she hath a dread, not joy, to see10˘/········
Her children near. 'Tis this that maketh me10·/˘·······
Most tremble, lest she do I know not what.10·/˘·······
Her heart is no light thing, and useth not10··········
To brook much wrong. I know that woman, aye,10·······/˘·
And dread her! Will she creep alone to die10······˘/··
Bleeding in that old room, where still is laid10/˘········
Lord Jason's bed? She hath for that a blade10·/˘·······
Made keen. Or slay the bridegroom and the king,10·····/····
And win herself God knows what direr thing?10··˘/······
'Tis a fell spirit. Few, I ween, shall stir10···/˘·····
Her hate unscathed, or lightly humble her.10··˘/·/˘/˘·
Ha! 'Tis the children from their games again,10···/˘···˘/
Rested and gay; and all their mother's pain10/˘·····/˘·
Forgotten! Young lives ever turn from gloom!10˘/˘··/˘···
(The CHILDREN and their ATTENDANT come in.)10·/˘··˘/˘··
ATTENDANT.3˘/˘
Thou ancient treasure of my lady's room,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
What mak'st thou here before the gates alone,10········˘/
And alway turning on thy lips some moan10·/˘/˘·····
Of old mischances? Will our mistress be10······//˘·
Content, this long time to be left by thee?10/˘········
NURSE.1·
Grey guard of Jason's children, a good thrall10···/˘/˘···
Hath his own grief, if any hurt befall10·····/˘·˘/
His masters. Aye, it holds one's heart! . . .8·/˘·····
Meseems2˘/
I have strayed out so deep in evil dreams,10·······/˘·
I longed to rest me here alone, and cry10······˘/··
Medea's wrongs to this still Earth and Sky.10˘/˘·······
ATTENDANT.3˘/˘
How? Are the tears yet running in her eyes?10·····/˘···
NURSE.1·
'Twere good to be like thee! . . . Her sorrow lies10·······/˘·
Scarce wakened yet, not half its perils wrought.10·/˘····/˘·
ATTENDANT.3˘/˘
Mad spirit! . . . if a man may speak his thought10·/˘·······
Of masters mad.--And nothing in her ears10·/˘··/˘···
Hath sounded yet of her last cause for tears!10·/˘·······
(He moves towards the house, but the NURSE checks him.)10··········
NURSE.1·
What cause, old man? . . . Nay, grudge me not one word.10··········
ATTENDANT.3˘/˘
'Tis nothing. Best forget what thou hast heard.10·/˘·˘/····
NURSE.1·
Nay, housemate, by thy beard! Hold it not hid10·/˘·······
From me. . . . I will keep silence if thou bid.10·····/˘···
ATTENDANT.3˘/˘
I heard an old man talking, where he sate10·····/˘···
At draughts in the sun, beside the fountain gate,11·····˘/·/˘·
And never thought of me, there standing still10·/˘····/˘·
Beside him. And he said, 'Twas Creon's will,9˘/·······
Being lord of all this land, that she be sent,10/·········
And with her her two sons, to banishment.10·······/˘˘
Maybe 'tis all false. For myself, I know10/˘·····/··
No further, and I would it were not so.10·/˘·······
NURSE.1·
Jason will never bear it--his own sons10/˘·/˘·····
Banished,--however hot his anger runs10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Against their mother!5···/˘
ATTENDANT.3˘/˘
Old love burneth low5··/˘·
When new love wakes, men say. He is not now10··········
Husband nor father here, nor any kin.10/˘·/˘··/˘·
NURSE.1·
But this is ruin! New waves breaking in10···/˘··/˘·
To wreck us, ere we are righted from the old!11······/˘···
ATTENDANT.3˘/˘
Well, hold thy peace. Our mistress will be told10····//˘···
All in good time. Speak thou no word hereof.10········˘/
NURSE.1·
My babes! What think ye of your father's love?10·······/˘·
God curse him not, he is my master still:10·······/˘·
But, oh, to them that loved him, 'tis an ill10··········
Friend. . . .1·
ATTENDANT.3˘/˘
And what man on earth is different? How?10······/˘˘·
Hast thou lived all these years, and learned but now10··········
That every man more loveth his own head10·/˘·······
Than other men's? He dreameth of the bed10·/˘··/˘···
Of this new bride, and thinks not of his sons.10··········
NURSE.1·
Go: run into the house, my little ones:10·······/˘·
All will end happily! . . . Keep them apart:10···/˘˘··˘/
Let not their mother meet them while her heart10···/˘·····
Is darkened. Yester night I saw a flame10·/˘/˘·····
Stand in her eye, as though she hated them,10·······/˘·
And would I know not what. For sure her wrath10··········
Will never turn nor slumber, till she hath . . .10·/˘··/˘···
Go: and if some must suffer, may it be10·····/˘···
Not we who love her, but some enemy!10·······/˘˘
VOICE (within).3···
Oh shame and pain: O woe is me!8········
Would I could die in my misery!9······/˘˘
(The CHILDREN and the ATTENDANT go in.)10·/˘··˘/˘··
NURSE.1·
Ah, children, hark! She moves again8·/˘···˘/
Her frozen heart, her sleeping wrath.8·/˘··/˘·
In, quick! And never cross her path,8···/˘···
Nor rouse that dark eye in its pain;8········
That fell sea-spirit, and the dire8···/˘···
Spring of a will untaught, unbowed.9······˘/˘
Quick, now!--Methinks this weeping cloud8··˘/·/˘·
Hath in its heart some thunder-fire,9·····/˘/˘
Slow gathering, that must flash ere long.9·/˘˘·····
I know not how, for ill or well,8········
It turns, this uncontrollable8····˘/˘˘
Tempestuous spirit, blind with wrong.9·/˘˘/˘···
VOICE (within).3···
Have I not suffered? Doth it call9···/˘˘···
No tears? . . . Ha, ye beside the wall8····˘/··
Unfathered children, God hate you9˘/˘˘/˘···
As I am hated, and him, too,8···/˘···
That gat you, and this house and all!8········
NURSE.1·
For pity! What have they to do,8·/˘·····
Babes, with their father's sin? Why call8···/˘···
Thy curse on these? . . . Ah, children, all8·····/˘·
These days my bosom bleeds for you.8···/˘···
Rude are the wills of princes: yea,8·····/˘·
Prevailing alway, seldom crossed,9˘/˘/˘/˘·˘
On fitful winds their moods are tossed:9·/˘·····˘
'Tis best men tread the equal way.8·····/˘·
Aye, not with glory but with peace8···/˘···
May the long summers find me crowned:9···/˘···˘
For gentleness--her very sound8·/˘˘·/˘·
Is magic, and her usages.8·/˘··/˘˘
All wholesome: but the fiercely great8·/˘··/˘·
Hath little music on his road,8·/˘/˘···
And falleth, when the hand of God8·/˘·····
Shall move, most deep and desolate.8·····/˘·

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