Exodos

Euripides (480 BC–406 BC), translated by Gilbert Murray · 1905

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 154 lines · from Electra

LEADER.Ha, see: above the roof-tree highThere shineth ... Is some spirit thereOf earth or heaven? That thin airWas never trod by things that die!What bodes it now that forth they fare,To men revealèd visibly?

(There appears in the air a vision of CASTOR and POLYDEUCES. The mortals kneel or veil their faces.)

CASTOR.Thou Agamemnon's Son, give ear! 'Tis we.Castor and Polydeuces, call to thee,God's Horsemen and thy mother's brethren twain.An Argive ship, spent with the toiling main,We bore but now to peace, and, here withalBeing come, have seen thy mother's bloody fall,Our sister's. Righteous is her doom this day,But not thy deed. And Phoebus, Phoebus ... Nay;He is my lord; therefore I hold my peace.Yet though in light he dwell, no light was thisHe showed to thee, but darkness! Which do thouEndure, as man must, chafing not. And nowFare forth where Zeus and Fate have laid thy life.The maid Electra thou shalt give for wifeTo Pylades; then turn thy head and fleeFrom Argos' land. 'Tis never more for theeTo tread this earth where thy dead mother lies.And, lo, in the air her Spirits, bloodhound eyes,Most horrible yet Godlike, hard at heelFollowing shall scourge thee as a burning wheel,Speed-maddened. Seek thou straight Athena's land,And round her awful image clasp thine hand,Praying: and she will fence them back, though hotWith flickering serpents, that they touch thee not,Holding above thy brow her gorgon shield.There is a hill in Athens, Ares' field,Where first for that first death by Ares doneOn Halirrhothius, Poseidon's son,Who wronged his daughter, the great Gods of yoreHeld judgment: and true judgments evermoreFlow from that Hill, trusted of man and God.There shalt thou stand arraignèd of this blood;And of those judges half shall lay on theeDeath, and half pardon; so shalt thou go free.For Phoebus in that hour, who bade thee shedThy mother's blood, shall take on his own headThe stain thereof. And ever from that strifeThe law shall hold, that when, for death or lifeOf one pursued, men's voices equal stand,Then Mercy conquereth.--But for thee, the bandOf Spirits dread, down, down, in very wrath,Shall sink beside that Hill, making their pathThrough a dim chasm, the which shall aye be trodBy reverent feet, where men may speak with God.But thou forgotten and far off shalt dwell,By great Alpheüs' waters, in a dellOf Arcady, where that gray Wolf-God's wallStands holy. And thy dwelling men shall callOrestes Town. So much to thee be spoke.But this dead man, Aegisthus, all the folkShall bear to burial in a high green graveOf Argos. For thy mother, she shall haveHer tomb from Menelaus, who hath comeThis day, at last, to Argos, bearing homeHelen. From Egypt comes she, and the hallOf Proteus, and in Troy hath ne'er at allSet foot. 'Twas but a wraith of Helen, sentBy Zeus, to make much wrath and ravishment.So forth for home, bearing the virgin bride,Let Pylades make speed, and lead besideThy once-named brother, and with golden storeStablish his house far off on Phocis' shore.Up, gird thee now to the steep Isthmian way,Seeking Athena's blessèd rock; one day,Thy doom of blood fulfilled and this long stressOf penance past, thou shalt have happiness.

LEADER (looking up).Is it for us, O Seed of Zeus,To speak and hear your words again!CASTOR. Speak: of this blood ye bear no stain.ELECTRA. I also, sons of Tyndareus,

My kinsmen; may my word be said?CASTOR. Speak: on Apollo's head we layThe bloody doings of this day.LEADER. Ye Gods, ye brethren of the dead,

Why held ye not the deathly herdOf Kêres back from off this home?CASTOR. There came but that which needs must comeBy ancient Fate and that dark word

That rang from Phoebus in his mood.ELECTRA. And what should Phoebus seek with me,Or all God's oracles that be,That I must bear my mother's blood?

CASTOR. Thy hand was as thy brother's hand,Thy doom shall be as his. One stain,From dim forefathers on the twainLighting, hath sapped your hearts as sand.

ORESTES (who has never raised his head, nor spoken to the Gods).After so long, sister, to seeAnd hold thee, and then part, then part,By all that chained thee to my heartForsaken, and forsaking thee!

CASTOR. Husband and house are hers. She bearsNo bitter judgment, save to goExiled from Argos.ELECTRA. And what woe,What tears are like an exile's tears?

ORESTES. Exiled and more am I; impure,A murderer in a stranger's hand:CASTOR. Fear not. There dwells in Pallas' landAll holiness. Till then endure!(ORESTES and ELECTRA embrace)

ORESTES. Aye, closer; clasp my body well,And let thy sorrow loose, and shed,As o'er the grave of one new dead,Dead evermore, thy last farewell!(A sound of weeping.)

CASTOR. Alas, what would ye? For that cryOurselves and all the sons of heavenHave pity. Yea, our peace is rivenBy the strange pain of these that die.

ORESTES. No more to see thee! ELECTRA. Nor thy breathBe near my face! ORESTES. Ah, so it ends.ELECTRA. Farewell, dear Argos. All ye friends,Farewell! ORESTES. O faithful unto death,

Thou goest? ELECTRA. Aye, I pass from you,Soft-eyed at last. ORESTES. Go, Pylades,And God go with you! Wed in peaceMy tall Electra, and be true.(ELECTRA and PYLADES depart to the left.)

CASTOR.Their troth shall fill their hearts.--But on:Dread feet are near thee, hounds of prey,Snake-handed, midnight-visaged, yea,And bitter pains their fruit! Begone!(ORESTES departs to the right.)

But hark, the far Sicilian seaCalls, and a noise of men and shipsThat labour sunken to the lipsIn bitter billows; forth go we,

Through the long leagues of fiery blue,With saving; not to souls unshriven;But whoso in his life hath strivenTo love things holy and be true,

Through toil and storm we guard him; weSave, and he shall not die!--Therefore,O praise the lying man no more,Nor with oath-breakers sail the sea:Farewell, ye walkers on the shoreOf death! A God hath counselled ye.(CASTOR and POLYDEUCES disappear.)

CHORUS.Farewell, farewell!--But he who can so fare,And stumbleth not on mischief anywhere,Blessed on earth is he!

Words in this poem 27
kneel v. i.
To bend the knee; to fall or rest on the knees; -- sometimes with down. [OE. knelen, cneolien; akin to D. knielen, Dan. knæle. See Knee.]
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
argive a.
Of or performance to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece. [L. Argivus, fr. Argos, Argi.]
withal adv.
With this; with that. [With + all.]
phoebus n.
Apollo; the sun god.
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
scourge n.
A lash; a strap or cord; especially, a lash used to inflict pain or punishment; an instrument of punishment or discipline; a whip. [F. escourgée, fr. L. excoriata (sc. scutica) a stripped off (lash or whip), fr. excoriate to strip, to skin. See Excoriate.]
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
evermore adv.
During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for.
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
dell n.
A small, retired valley; a ravine. [AS. del, akin to E. dale; cf. D. delle, del, low ground. See Dale.]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
burial n.
A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [OE. buriel, buriels, grave, tomb, AS. byrgels, fr. byrgan to bury, and akin to OS. burgisli sepulcher.]
wraith n.
An apparition of a person in his exact likeness, seen before death, or a little after; hence, an apparition; a specter; a vision; an unreal image. [Scot. wraith, warth; probably originally, a guardian angel, from Icel. vörthr a warden, guardian, akin to E. ward. See Ward a guard.]
ravishment n.
The act of carrying away by force or against consent; abduction; as, the ravishment of children from their parents, or a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from her husband. Blackstone. [F. ravissement. See Ravish.]
stablish v. t.
To settle permanently in a state; to make firm; to establish; to fix. 2 Sam. vii. 13. [Aphetic form of establish.]
deathly a.
Deadly; fatal; mortal; destructive.
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
closer n.
One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See under Boot.
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
troth n.
Belief; faith; fidelity. [A variant of truth. See Truth.]
sicilian a.
Of or pertaining to Sicily or its inhabitants. Sicilian vespers, the great massacre of the French in Sicily, in the year 1282, on the evening of Easter Monday, at the hour of vespers.
whoso pron.
Whosoever. Piers Plowman.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Exodos is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Electra of Euripides, translated into English rhyming verse by Gilbert Murray, Project Gutenberg ebook #14322, the Gilbert Murray translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Euripides, Exodos, in Electra (1905), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #14322, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/euripides-electra/exodos.html, id L28820.

Form and metre

Exodos is 154 lines in 20 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 61% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%).

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -ABBAB- leader · highA · thereB · airB · dieA · fareB · visibly
  2. 3 -AABBCCDD--EEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNN--OOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZaabbccddee castor · weA · theeA · twainB · mainB · withalC · fallC · dayD · nayD · peace · this · thouE · nowE · lifeF · wifeF · fleeG · theeG · liesH · eyesH · heelI · wheelI · landJ · handJ · hotK · notK · shieldL · fieldL · doneM · sonM · yoreN · evermoreN · god · blood · theeO · freeO · shedP · headP · strifeQ · lifeQ · standR · bandR · wrathS · pathS · trodT · godT · dwellU · dellU · wallV · callV · spokeW · folkW · graveX · haveX · comeY · homeY · hallZ · allZ · senta · ravishmenta · brideb · besideb · storec · shorec · wayd · dayd · stresse · happinesse
  3. 4 -ABBA up · zeusA · againB · stainB · tyndareusA
  4. 5 ABBA saidA · layB · dayB · deadA
  5. 6 ABBA herdA · homeB · comeB · wordA
  6. 7 ABBA moodA · meB · beB · bloodA
  7. 8 ABBA handA · stainB · twainB · sandA
  8. 9 -ABBA gods · seeA · partB · heartB · theeA
  9. 10 AB-BA bearsA · goB · argos · woeB · tearsA
  10. 11 ABBA- impureA · handB · landB · endureA · embrace
  11. 12 ABBA- wellA · shedB · deadB · farewellA · weeping
  12. 13 ABBA cryA · heavenB · rivenB · dieA
  13. 14 ABBA breathA · endsB · friendsB · deathA
  14. 15 A--A- youA · pylades · peace · trueA · left
  15. 16 -ABBA- castor · onA · preyB · yeaB · begoneA · right
  16. 17 ABBA seaA · shipsB · lipsB · weA
  17. 18 ABBA blueA · unshrivenB · strivenB · trueA
  18. 19 ABBABA- weA · thereforeB · moreB · seaA · shoreB · yeA · disappear
  19. 20 -AA- chorus · fareA · anywhereA · he
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
LEADER.2/˘
Ha, see: above the roof-tree high8········
There shineth ... Is some spirit there8·/˘··/˘·
Of earth or heaven? That thin air8···/˘···
Was never trod by things that die!8·/˘·····
What bodes it now that forth they fare,8········
To men revealèd visibly?7····/˘˘
(There appears in the air a vision of CASTOR and POLYDEUCES. The mortals kneel or veil their faces.)26·˘/····/˘·/˘······/˘····/˘
CASTOR.2/˘
Thou Agamemnon's Son, give ear! 'Tis we.10··˘/······
Castor and Polydeuces, call to thee,10/˘········
God's Horsemen and thy mother's brethren twain.10·/˘··/˘/˘·
An Argive ship, spent with the toiling main,10·/˘····/˘·
We bore but now to peace, and, here withal10········˘/
Being come, have seen thy mother's bloody fall,10/····/˘/˘·
Our sister's. Righteous is her doom this day,10//˘/˘·····
But not thy deed. And Phoebus, Phoebus ... Nay;10·····/˘/˘·
He is my lord; therefore I hold my peace.10··········
Yet though in light he dwell, no light was this10··········
He showed to thee, but darkness! Which do thou10·····/˘···
Endure, as man must, chafing not. And now10˘/···/˘···
Fare forth where Zeus and Fate have laid thy life.10··········
The maid Electra thou shalt give for wife10··˘/˘·····
To Pylades; then turn thy head and flee9·········
From Argos' land. 'Tis never more for thee10·····/˘···
To tread this earth where thy dead mother lies.10·······/˘·
And, lo, in the air her Spirits, bloodhound eyes,11······/˘/˘·
Most horrible yet Godlike, hard at heel10·/˘˘·/˘···
Following shall scourge thee as a burning wheel,10/˘·····/˘·
Speed-maddened. Seek thou straight Athena's land,10·/˘···˘/˘·
And round her awful image clasp thine hand,10···/˘/˘···
Praying: and she will fence them back, though hot10/˘········
With flickering serpents, that they touch thee not,10·/˘/˘·····
Holding above thy brow her gorgon shield.10/˘·····/˘·
There is a hill in Athens, Ares' field,9·····/˘··
Where first for that first death by Ares done9·········
On Halirrhothius, Poseidon's son,9·····˘/˘·
Who wronged his daughter, the great Gods of yore10···/˘·····
Held judgment: and true judgments evermore10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Flow from that Hill, trusted of man and God.10····/˘····
There shalt thou stand arraignèd of this blood;9·········
And of those judges half shall lay on thee10···/˘·····
Death, and half pardon; so shalt thou go free.10···/˘·····
For Phoebus in that hour, who bade thee shed10·/˘··/····
Thy mother's blood, shall take on his own head10·/˘·······
The stain thereof. And ever from that strife10·····/˘···
The law shall hold, that when, for death or life10··········
Of one pursued, men's voices equal stand,10··˘/·/˘/˘·
Then Mercy conquereth.--But for thee, the band10·/˘/˘·····
Of Spirits dread, down, down, in very wrath,10·/˘····/˘·
Shall sink beside that Hill, making their path10···/··/˘··
Through a dim chasm, the which shall aye be trod11···/˘······
By reverent feet, where men may speak with God.10·/˘·······
But thou forgotten and far off shalt dwell,10··˘/˘·····
By great Alpheüs' waters, in a dell9····/˘···
Of Arcady, where that gray Wolf-God's wall10··········
Stands holy. And thy dwelling men shall call10·/˘··/˘···
Orestes Town. So much to thee be spoke.10˘/˘·······
But this dead man, Aegisthus, all the folk10··········
Shall bear to burial in a high green grave10···/˘·····
Of Argos. For thy mother, she shall have10·/˘··/˘···
Her tomb from Menelaus, who hath come9·········
This day, at last, to Argos, bearing home10·····/˘/˘·
Helen. From Egypt comes she, and the hall10/˘·/˘·····
Of Proteus, and in Troy hath ne'er at all11·/˘˘·······
Set foot. 'Twas but a wraith of Helen, sent10·······/˘·
By Zeus, to make much wrath and ravishment.10·······/˘˘
So forth for home, bearing the virgin bride,10····/˘·/˘·
Let Pylades make speed, and lead beside9·······˘/
Thy once-named brother, and with golden store10···/˘··/˘·
Stablish his house far off on Phocis' shore.10/˘········
Up, gird thee now to the steep Isthmian way,11·······/˘˘·
Seeking Athena's blessèd rock; one day,9/˘˘/˘····
Thy doom of blood fulfilled and this long stress10····˘/····
Of penance past, thou shalt have happiness.10·/˘····/˘˘
LEADER (looking up).5/˘/˘·
Is it for us, O Seed of Zeus,8········
To speak and hear your words again!8······˘/
CASTOR. Speak: of this blood ye bear no stain.10/˘········
ELECTRA. I also, sons of Tyndareus,11˘/˘·/˘·····
My kinsmen; may my word be said?8········
CASTOR. Speak: on Apollo's head we lay10/˘··˘/˘···
The bloody doings of this day.8·/˘/˘···
LEADER. Ye Gods, ye brethren of the dead,10/˘···/˘···
Why held ye not the deathly herd8·····/˘·
Of Kêres back from off this home?7·······
CASTOR. There came but that which needs must come10/˘········
By ancient Fate and that dark word8·/˘·····
That rang from Phoebus in his mood.8···/˘···
ELECTRA. And what should Phoebus seek with me,11˘/˘···/˘···
Or all God's oracles that be,8···/˘˘··
That I must bear my mother's blood?8·····/˘·
CASTOR. Thy hand was as thy brother's hand,10/˘·····/˘·
Thy doom shall be as his. One stain,8········
From dim forefathers on the twain8··/·˘···
Lighting, hath sapped your hearts as sand.8/˘······
ORESTES (who has never raised his head, nor spoken to the Gods).15˘/˘··/····/˘···
After so long, sister, to see8····/˘··
And hold thee, and then part, then part,8········
By all that chained thee to my heart8········
Forsaken, and forsaking thee!8˘/˘·˘/˘·
CASTOR. Husband and house are hers. She bears10/˘/˘······
No bitter judgment, save to go8·/˘/˘···
Exiled from Argos.5/··/˘
ELECTRA. And what woe,6˘/˘···
What tears are like an exile's tears?8·····/··
ORESTES. Exiled and more am I; impure,11˘/˘/·····˘/
A murderer in a stranger's hand:9·/˘˘··/˘·
CASTOR. Fear not. There dwells in Pallas' land10/˘·····/˘·
All holiness. Till then endure!8·/˘˘··˘/
(ORESTES and ELECTRA embrace)9˘/˘·˘/˘˘/
ORESTES. Aye, closer; clasp my body well,11˘/˘·/˘··/˘·
And let thy sorrow loose, and shed,8···/˘···
As o'er the grave of one new dead,8········
Dead evermore, thy last farewell!8·/˘····/
(A sound of weeping.)5···/˘
CASTOR. Alas, what would ye? For that cry10/˘˘/······
Ourselves and all the sons of heaven10˘˘/·····/˘
Have pity. Yea, our peace is riven10·/˘·/˘··/˘
By the strange pain of these that die.8········
ORESTES. No more to see thee! ELECTRA. Nor thy breath14˘/˘·····˘/˘···
Be near my face! ORESTES. Ah, so it ends.11····˘/˘····
ELECTRA. Farewell, dear Argos. All ye friends,11˘/˘·/·/˘···
Farewell! ORESTES. O faithful unto death,11·/˘/˘·/˘···
Thou goest? ELECTRA. Aye, I pass from you,10··˘/˘·····
Soft-eyed at last. ORESTES. Go, Pylades,10····˘/˘···
And God go with you! Wed in peace8········
My tall Electra, and be true.8··˘/˘···
(ELECTRA and PYLADES depart to the left.)11˘/˘···˘/···
CASTOR.2/˘
Their troth shall fill their hearts.--But on:8········
Dread feet are near thee, hounds of prey,8········
Snake-handed, midnight-visaged, yea,8·/˘/·/˘·
And bitter pains their fruit! Begone!8·/˘···˘/
(ORESTES departs to the right.)8˘/˘˘/···
But hark, the far Sicilian sea9····˘/˘˘·
Calls, and a noise of men and ships8········
That labour sunken to the lips8·/·/˘···
In bitter billows; forth go we,8·/˘/˘···
Through the long leagues of fiery blue,9·····/˘˘·
With saving; not to souls unshriven;9·/˘······
But whoso in his life hath striven9·/˘····/˘
To love things holy and be true,8···/˘···
Through toil and storm we guard him; we8········
Save, and he shall not die!--Therefore,8········
O praise the lying man no more,8···/˘···
Nor with oath-breakers sail the sea:8···/˘···
Farewell, ye walkers on the shore8·/·/˘···
Of death! A God hath counselled ye.8·····/˘·
(CASTOR and POLYDEUCES disappear.)10/˘······˘/
CHORUS.2/˘
Farewell, farewell!--But he who can so fare,10·/·/······
And stumbleth not on mischief anywhere,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Blessed on earth is he!5·····

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