Fifth Episode

Euripides (480 BC–406 BC), translated by Gilbert Murray · 1904

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 151 lines · from The Bacchae

(Enter hastily a MESSENGER from the Mountain, pale and distraught.)

MESSENGER.Woe to the house once blest in Hellas! WoeTo thee, old King Sidonian, who didst sowThe dragon-seed on Ares' bloody lea!Alas, even thy slaves must weep for thee!

LEADER.News from the mountain?--Speak! How hath it sped?

MESSENGER.Pentheus, my king, Echion's son, is dead!

LEADER.All hail, God of the Voice,Manifest ever more!

MESSENGER.What say'st thou?--And how strange thy tone, as thoughIn joy at this my master's overthrow!

LEADER.With fierce joy I rejoice,Child of a savage shore;For the chains of my prison are broken, and the dread where I coweredof yore!

MESSENGER.And deem'st thou Thebes so beggared, so forlornOf manhood, as to sit beneath thy scorn?

LEADER.Thebes hath o'er me no sway!None save Him I obey,Dionysus, Child of the Highest, Him I obey and adore!

MESSENGER.One can forgive thee!--Yet 'tis no fair thing,Maids, to rejoice in a man's suffering.

LEADER.Speak of the mountain side!Tell us the doom he died,The sinner smitten to death, even where his sin was sore!

MESSENGER.We climbed beyond the utmost habitingsOf Theban shepherds, passed Asopus' springs,And struck into the land of rock on dimKithaeron--Pentheus, and, attending him,I, and the Stranger who should guide our way.Then first in a green dell we stopped, and lay,Lips dumb and feet unmoving, warilyWatching, to be unseen and yet to see.A narrow glen it was, by crags o'ertowered,Torn through by tossing waters, and there loweredA shadow of great pines over it. And thereThe Maenad maidens sate; in toil they were,Busily glad. Some with an ivy chainTracked a worn wand to toss its locks again;Some, wild in joyance, like young steeds set free,Made answering songs of mystic melody.But my poor master saw not the great bandBefore him. "Stranger," cried he, "where we standMine eyes can reach not these false saints of thine.Mount we the bank, or some high-shouldered pine,And I shall see their follies clear!" At thatThere came a marvel. For the Stranger straightTouched a great pine-tree's high and heavenward crown,And lower, lower, lower, urged it downTo the herbless floor. Round like a bending bow,Or slow wheel's rim a joiner forces to,So in those hands that tough and mountain stemBowed slow--oh, strength not mortal dwelt in them!--To the very earth. And there he set the King,And slowly, lest it cast him in its spring,Let back the young and straining tree, till highIt towered again amid the towering sky;And Pentheus in the branches! Well, I ween,He saw the Maenads then, and well was seen!For scarce was he aloft, when suddenlyThere was no Stranger any more with me,But out of Heaven a Voice--oh, what voice else?--'Twas He that called! "Behold, O damosels,I bring ye him who turneth to despiteBoth me and ye, and darkeneth my great Light.'Tis yours to avenge!" So spake he, and there came'Twixt earth and sky a pillar of high flame.And silence took the air, and no leaf stirredIn all the forest dell. Thou hadst not heardIn that vast silence any wild thing's cry.And up they sprang; but with bewildered eye,Agaze and listening, scarce yet hearing true.Then came the Voice again. And when they knewTheir God's clear call, old Cadmus' royal brood,Up, like wild pigeons startled in a wood,On flying feet they came, his mother blind,Agave, and her sisters, and behindAll the wild crowd, more deeply maddened then,Through the angry rocks and torrent-tossing glen,Until they spied him in the dark pine-tree:Then climbed a crag hard by and furiouslySome sought to stone him, some their wands would flingLance-wise aloft, in cruel targeting.But none could strike. The height o'ertopped their rage,And there he clung, unscathed, as in a cageCaught. And of all their strife no end was found.Then, "Hither," cried Agave; "stand we roundAnd grip the stem, my Wild Ones, till we takeThis climbing cat-o'-the-mount! He shall not makeA tale of God's high dances!" Out then shoneArm upon arm, past count, and closed uponThe pine, and gripped; and the ground gave, and downIt reeled. And that high sitter from the crownOf the green pine-top, with a shrieking cryFell, as his mind grew clear, and there hard byWas horror visible. 'Twas his mother stoodO'er him, first priestess of those rites of blood.He tore the coif, and from his head awayFlung it, that she might know him, and not slayTo her own misery. He touched the wildCheek, crying: "Mother, it is I, thy child,Thy Pentheus, born thee in Echion's hall!Have mercy, Mother! Let it not befallThrough sin of mine, that thou shouldst slay thy son!"But she, with lips a-foam and eyes that runLike leaping fire, with thoughts that ne'er should beOn earth, possessed by Bacchios utterly,Stays not nor hears. Round his left arm she putBoth hands, set hard against his side her foot,Drew . . . and the shoulder severed!--Not by mightOf arm, but easily, as the God made lightHer hand's essay. And at the other sideWas Ino rending; and the torn flesh cried,And on Autonoe pressed, and all the crowdOf ravening arms. Yea, all the air was loudWith groans that faded into sobbing breath,Dim shrieks, and joy, and triumph-cries of death.And here was borne a severed arm, and thereA hunter's booted foot; white bones lay bareWith rending; and swift hands ensanguinedTossed as in sport the flesh of Pentheus dead.His body lies afar. The precipiceHath part, and parts in many an intersticeLurk of the tangled woodland--no light questTo find. And, ah, the head! Of all the rest,His mother hath it, pierced upon a wand,As one might pierce a lion's, and through the land,Leaving her sisters in their dancing place,Bears it on high! Yea, to these walls her faceWas set, exulting in her deed of blood,Calling upon her Bromios, her God,Her Comrade, Fellow-Render of the Prey,Her All-Victorious, to whom this dayShe bears in triumph . . . her own broken heart!For me, after that sight, I will departBefore Agave comes.--Oh, to fulfilGod's laws, and have no thought beyond His will,Is man's best treasure. Aye, and wisdom true,Methinks, for things of dust to cleave unto!

(The MESSENGER departs into the Castle.)

Words in this poem 36
distraught p. p.
Torn asunder; separated. [OE. distract, distrauht. See Distract, a.]
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
forlorn a.
Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
sinner n.
One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one condemned by the law of God.
theban a.
Of or pertaining to Thebes. Theban year (Anc. Chron.), the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours. J. Bryant. [L. Thebanus.]
dell n.
A small, retired valley; a ravine. [AS. del, akin to E. dale; cf. D. delle, del, low ground. See Dale.]
warily adv.
In a wary manner.
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
busily adv.
In a busy manner.
joyance n.
Enjoyment; gayety; festivity; joyfulness. [OF. joiance.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
herbless a.
Destitute of herbs or of vegetation. J. Warton.
joiner n.
One who, or that which, joins.
towered a.
Adorned or defended by towers.
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
towering a.
Very high; elevated; rising aloft; as, a towering height.
ween v. i.
To think; to imagine; to fancy. [OE. wenen, AS. w, fr. w hope, expectation, opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w, OS. & OHG. wan, G. wahn delusion, Icel. van hope, expectation, Goth. w, and D. w]
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
crag n.
The neck or throat [A form of craw: cf. D. kraag neck, collar, G. kragen. See Craw.]
clung a.
Wasted away; shrunken. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
sitter n.
One who sits; esp., one who sits for a portrait or a bust.
priestess n.
A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans. Abp.
tore n.
The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
ravening n.
Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion. Luke xi. 39.
sobbing n.
A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.
booted a.
Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for riding; as, a booted squire.
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
precipice n.
A sudden or headlong fall. Fuller. [F. précipice, L. praecipitium, fr. praeceps, - cipitis, headlong; prae before + caput, capitis, the head. See Pre-, and Chief.]
exulting a.
Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant.
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
methinks v.
It seems to me; I think. See Me. [AS. þyncan to seem, me þynceedh, me þuhte, OE. me thinketh, me thoughte; akin to G. dünken to seem, denken to think, and E. think. See Me, and Think.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Fifth Episode is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Bacchae of Euripides, translated into English verse by Gilbert Murray, Project Gutenberg ebook #35173, the Gilbert Murray translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Euripides, Fifth Episode, in The Bacchae (1904), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #35173, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/euripides-bacchae/fifth-episode.html, id L28773.

Form and metre

Fifth Episode is 151 lines in 13 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 61% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%).

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 -AABB messenger · woeA · sowA · leaB · theeB
  2. 6 -AA messenger · thoughA · overthrowA
  3. 7 --A-A leader · rejoice · shoreA · cowered · yoreA
  4. 8 -AA messenger · forlornA · scornA
  5. 9 -AA- leader · swayA · obeyA · adore
  6. 10 -AA messenger · thingA · sufferingA
  7. 11 -AA- leader · sideA · diedA · sore
  8. 12 -AABBCC----------DDEE--FF--GGHHIIJJ-IKKLLMMNNOOPP--QQRR--SSTTUUVV--WWXXYYZZaabbcc--ddeeffgghhii----jj--kk--llmm---- messenger · habitingsA · springsA · dimB · himB · wayC · layC · warily · see · o'ertowered · lowered · there · were · chain · again · free · melody · bandD · standD · thineE · pineE · that · straight · crownF · downF · bow · to · stemG · themG · kingH · springH · highI · skyI · weenJ · seenJ · suddenly · meI · elseK · damoselsK · despiteL · lightL · cameM · flameM · stirredN · heardN · cryO · eyeO · trueP · knewP · brood · wood · blindQ · behindQ · thenR · glenR · tree · furiously · flingS · targetingS · rageT · cageT · foundU · roundU · takeV · makeV · shone · upon · downW · crownW · cryX · byX · stoodY · bloodY · awayZ · slayZ · wilda · childa · hallb · befallb · sonc · runc · be · utterly · putd · footd · mighte · lighte · sidef · criedf · crowdg · loudg · breathh · deathh · therei · barei · ensanguined · dead · precipice · interstice · questj · restj · wand · land · placek · facek · blood · god · preyl · dayl · heartm · departm · fulfil · will · true · unto
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
(Enter hastily a MESSENGER from the Mountain, pale and distraught.)15/˘/˘·/˘··/˘··˘/
MESSENGER.3/˘˘
Woe to the house once blest in Hellas! Woe10··········
To thee, old King Sidonian, who didst sow10··········
The dragon-seed on Ares' bloody lea!9·/˘···/˘·
Alas, even thy slaves must weep for thee!10˘//˘······
LEADER.2/˘
News from the mountain?--Speak! How hath it sped?10···/˘·····
MESSENGER.3/˘˘
Pentheus, my king, Echion's son, is dead!9·········
LEADER.2/˘
All hail, God of the Voice,6······
Manifest ever more!6/˘·/˘·
MESSENGER.3/˘˘
What say'st thou?--And how strange thy tone, as though10··········
In joy at this my master's overthrow!10·····/˘/˘·
LEADER.2/˘
With fierce joy I rejoice,6····˘/
Child of a savage shore;6···/˘·
For the chains of my prison are broken, and the dread where I cowered16·····/˘·/˘·····/
of yore!2··
MESSENGER.3/˘˘
And deem'st thou Thebes so beggared, so forlorn10·····/˘·˘/
Of manhood, as to sit beneath thy scorn?10·/········
LEADER.2/˘
Thebes hath o'er me no sway!6······
None save Him I obey,6····˘/
Dionysus, Child of the Highest, Him I obey and adore!15······/˘··˘/·˘/
MESSENGER.3/˘˘
One can forgive thee!--Yet 'tis no fair thing,10··˘/······
Maids, to rejoice in a man's suffering.10··˘/···/˘˘
LEADER.2/˘
Speak of the mountain side!6···/˘·
Tell us the doom he died,6······
The sinner smitten to death, even where his sin was sore!13·/˘/˘··/·····
MESSENGER.3/˘˘
We climbed beyond the utmost habitings10·····/····
Of Theban shepherds, passed Asopus' springs,10·/˘/˘·····
And struck into the land of rock on dim10··········
Kithaeron--Pentheus, and, attending him,10······˘/˘·
I, and the Stranger who should guide our way.10···/˘···/·
Then first in a green dell we stopped, and lay,10··········
Lips dumb and feet unmoving, warily10·······/˘˘
Watching, to be unseen and yet to see.10/˘··˘/····
A narrow glen it was, by crags o'ertowered,11·/˘········
Torn through by tossing waters, and there lowered11···/˘/˘··/˘
A shadow of great pines over it. And there10·/········
The Maenad maidens sate; in toil they were,10···/˘·····
Busily glad. Some with an ivy chain10/˘˘····/˘·
Tracked a worn wand to toss its locks again;10········˘/
Some, wild in joyance, like young steeds set free,10···/˘·····
Made answering songs of mystic melody.11·/˘˘··/˘/˘˘
But my poor master saw not the great band10···/˘·····
Before him. "Stranger," cried he, "where we stand10···/˘·····
Mine eyes can reach not these false saints of thine.10··········
Mount we the bank, or some high-shouldered pine,10·······/˘·
And I shall see their follies clear!" At that10·····/˘···
There came a marvel. For the Stranger straight10···/˘··/˘·
Touched a great pine-tree's high and heavenward crown,11·······/˘˘·
And lower, lower, lower, urged it down10·/˘/˘/˘···
To the herbless floor. Round like a bending bow,11··/˘····/˘·
Or slow wheel's rim a joiner forces to,10·····/˘/˘·
So in those hands that tough and mountain stem10·······/˘·
Bowed slow--oh, strength not mortal dwelt in them!--10·····/˘···
To the very earth. And there he set the King,11··/˘·······
And slowly, lest it cast him in its spring,10·/˘·······
Let back the young and straining tree, till high10·····/˘···
It towered again amid the towering sky;10·/˘/˘/·/˘·
And Pentheus in the branches! Well, I ween,10·····/˘···
He saw the Maenads then, and well was seen!10··········
For scarce was he aloft, when suddenly10····˘/·/˘˘
There was no Stranger any more with me,10···/˘/˘···
But out of Heaven a Voice--oh, what voice else?--10···/······
'Twas He that called! "Behold, O damosels,10····˘/····
I bring ye him who turneth to despite10·····/˘·˘/
Both me and ye, and darkeneth my great Light.10·····/˘···
'Tis yours to avenge!" So spake he, and there came11···˘/······
'Twixt earth and sky a pillar of high flame.10·····/˘···
And silence took the air, and no leaf stirred10·/˘·······
In all the forest dell. Thou hadst not heard10···/˘·····
In that vast silence any wild thing's cry.10···/˘/˘···
And up they sprang; but with bewildered eye,10······˘/˘·
Agaze and listening, scarce yet hearing true.10···/˘··/˘·
Then came the Voice again. And when they knew10····˘/····
Their God's clear call, old Cadmus' royal brood,10·····/˘/˘·
Up, like wild pigeons startled in a wood,10···/˘/˘···
On flying feet they came, his mother blind,10·/˘····/˘·
Agave, and her sisters, and behind10˘/˘··/˘···
All the wild crowd, more deeply maddened then,10·····/˘/˘·
Through the angry rocks and torrent-tossing glen,11··/˘··/˘/˘·
Until they spied him in the dark pine-tree:10··········
Then climbed a crag hard by and furiously11·······/˘˘˘
Some sought to stone him, some their wands would fling10··········
Lance-wise aloft, in cruel targeting.10··˘/·/˘/˘˘
But none could strike. The height o'ertopped their rage,10··········
And there he clung, unscathed, as in a cage10····˘/····
Caught. And of all their strife no end was found.10··········
Then, "Hither," cried Agave; "stand we round10·/˘·˘/˘···
And grip the stem, my Wild Ones, till we take10··········
This climbing cat-o'-the-mount! He shall not make11·/˘········
A tale of God's high dances!" Out then shone10·····/˘···
Arm upon arm, past count, and closed upon10··········
The pine, and gripped; and the ground gave, and down10··········
It reeled. And that high sitter from the crown10·····/˘···
Of the green pine-top, with a shrieking cry10·······/˘·
Fell, as his mind grew clear, and there hard by10··········
Was horror visible. 'Twas his mother stood10·/˘/˘··/˘·
O'er him, first priestess of those rites of blood.10···/˘·····
He tore the coif, and from his head away10········˘/
Flung it, that she might know him, and not slay10··········
To her own misery. He touched the wild10···/˘˘····
Cheek, crying: "Mother, it is I, thy child,10·/˘/˘·····
Thy Pentheus, born thee in Echion's hall!9·········
Have mercy, Mother! Let it not befall10·/˘/˘···˘/
Through sin of mine, that thou shouldst slay thy son!"10··········
But she, with lips a-foam and eyes that run10··········
Like leaping fire, with thoughts that ne'er should be10·/˘/······
On earth, possessed by Bacchios utterly,10··˘/···/˘˘
Stays not nor hears. Round his left arm she put10··········
Both hands, set hard against his side her foot,10··········
Drew . . . and the shoulder severed!--Not by might10···/˘/˘···
Of arm, but easily, as the God made light10···/˘·····
Her hand's essay. And at the other side10··˘/···/˘·
Was Ino rending; and the torn flesh cried,10···/˘·····
And on Autonoe pressed, and all the crowd10··········
Of ravening arms. Yea, all the air was loud10·/˘·······
With groans that faded into sobbing breath,10···/˘··/˘·
Dim shrieks, and joy, and triumph-cries of death.10·····/˘···
And here was borne a severed arm, and there10·····/˘···
A hunter's booted foot; white bones lay bare10·/˘/˘·····
With rending; and swift hands ensanguined10·/˘······˘
Tossed as in sport the flesh of Pentheus dead.10··········
His body lies afar. The precipice10·/˘·˘/·/˘˘
Hath part, and parts in many an interstice11·····/˘·˘/˘
Lurk of the tangled woodland--no light quest10···/˘/····
To find. And, ah, the head! Of all the rest,10··········
His mother hath it, pierced upon a wand,10·/˘·······
As one might pierce a lion's, and through the land,11·····/˘····
Leaving her sisters in their dancing place,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Bears it on high! Yea, to these walls her face10··········
Was set, exulting in her deed of blood,10··˘/˘·····
Calling upon her Bromios, her God,9/˘·······
Her Comrade, Fellow-Render of the Prey,10·/·/˘/˘···
Her All-Victorious, to whom this day10··˘/˘˘····
She bears in triumph . . . her own broken heart!10···/˘··/˘·
For me, after that sight, I will depart10········˘/
Before Agave comes.--Oh, to fulfil10··˘/˘·····
God's laws, and have no thought beyond His will,10··········
Is man's best treasure. Aye, and wisdom true,10···/˘··/˘·
Methinks, for things of dust to cleave unto!10˘/········
(The MESSENGER departs into the Castle.)11·/˘˘˘/···/˘

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