Prologue

Euripides (480 BC–406 BC), translated by Gilbert Murray · 1915

iambic pentameter · 118 lines · from Alcestis

(The scene represents the ancient Castle of ADMETUS near Pherae in Thessaly. It is the dusk before dawn; APOLLO, radiant in the darkness, looks at the Castle.)

APOLLO.Admetus' House! 'Twas here I bowed my headOf old, and chafed not at the bondman's bread,Though born in heaven. Aye, Zeus to death had hurledMy son, Asclepios, Healer of the World,Piercing with fire his heart; and in mine ireI slew his Cyclop churls, who forged the fire.Whereat Zeus cast me forth to bear the yokeOf service to a mortal. To this folkI came, and watched a stranger's herd for pay,And all his house I have prospered to this day.For innocent was the Lord I chanced uponAnd clean as mine own heart, King Pheres' son,Admetus. Him I rescued from the grave,Beguiling the Grey Sisters till they gaveA great oath that Admetus should go free,Would he but pay to Them Below in feeAnother living soul. Long did he proveAll that were his, and all that owed him love,But never a soul he found would yield up lifeAnd leave the sunlight for him, save his wife:Who, even now, down the long galleriesIs borne, death-wounded; for this day it isShe needs must pass out of the light and die.And, seeing the stain of death must not come nighMy radiance, I must leave this house I love.But ha! The Headsman of the Pit, aboveEarth's floor, to ravish her! Aye, long and lateHe hath watched, and cometh at the fall of fate.

(Enter from the other side THANATOS; a crouching black-haired and winged figure, carrying a drawn sword. He starts in revulsion on seeing APOLLO.)

THANATOS.Aha!Why here? What mak'st thou at the gate,Thou Thing of Light? Wilt overtreadThe eternal judgment, and abateAnd spoil the portions of the dead?'Tis not enough for thee to have blockedIn other days Admetus' doomWith craft of magic wine, which mockedThe three grey Sisters of the Tomb;But now once moreI see thee stand at watch, and shakeThat arrow-armèd hand to makeThis woman thine, who swore, who swore,To die now for her husband's sake.

APOLLO.Fear not.I bring fair words and seek but what is just.

THANATOS (sneering).And if words help thee not, an arrow must?

APOLLO.'Tis ever my delight to bear this bow.

THANATOS.And aid this house unjustly? Aye, 'tis so.

APOLLO.I love this man, and grieve for his dismay.

THANATOS.And now wilt rob me of my second prey!

APOLLO.I never robbed thee, neither then nor now.

THANATOS.Why is Admetus here then, not below?

APOLLO.He gave for ransom his own wife, for whom ...

THANATOS (interrupting).I am come; and straight will bear her to the tomb.

APOLLO.Go, take her.--I can never move thine heart.

THANATOS (mocking).To slay the doomed?--Nay; I will do my part.

APOLLO.No. To keep death for them that linger late.

THANATOS (still mocking).'Twould please thee, so?... I owe thee homage great.

APOLLO.Ah, then she may yet ... she may yet grow old?

THANATOS (with a laugh).No!... I too have my rights, and them I hold.

APOLLO.'Tis but one life thou gainest either-wise.

THANATOS.When young souls die, the richer is my prize.

APOLLO.Old, with great riches they will bury her.

THANATOS.Fie on thee, fie! Thou rich-man's lawgiver!

APOLLO.How? Is there wit in Death, who seemed so blind?

THANATOS.The rich would buy long life for all their kind.

APOLLO.Thou will not grant me, then, this boon? 'Tis so?

THANATOS.Thou knowest me, what I am: I tell thee, no!

APOLLO.I know gods sicken at thee and men pine.

THANATOS.Begone! Too many things not meant for thineThy greed hath conquered; but not all, not all!

APOLLO.I swear, for all thy bitter pride, a fallAwaits thee. One even now comes conqueringTowards this house, sent by a southland kingTo fetch him four wild coursers, of the raceWhich rend men's bodies in the winds of Thrace.This house shall give him welcome good, and heShall wrest this woman from thy worms and thee.So thou shalt give me all, and thereby winBut hatred, not the grace that might have been.(Exit APOLLO.)

THANATOS.Talk on, talk on! Thy threats shall win no brideFrom me.--This woman, whatsoe'er betide,Shall lie in Hades' house. Even at the wordI go to lay upon her hair my sword.For all whose head this grey sword visitethTo death are hallowed and the Lords of death.

Words in this poem 15
healer n.
One who, or that which, heals.
whereat adv.
At which; upon which; whereupon; -- used relatively.
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
beguiling a.
Alluring by guile; deluding; misleading; diverting.
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
headsman
An executioner who cuts off heads.
revulsion n.
A strong pulling or drawing back; withdrawal. [F. révulsion, L. revulsio, fr. revellere, revulsum, to pluck or pull away; pref. re- re- + vellere to pull. Cf. Convulse.]
overtread v. t.
To tread over or upon. [AS. oferiredan.]
craft n.
Strength; might; secret power. [AS. cr strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS., G., Sw., & Dan. kraft strength, D. kracht, Icel. kraptr; perh. originally, a drawing together, stretching, fr]
boon n.
A prayer or petition. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw. & Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]
sicken v. t.
To make sick; to disease.
greed n.
An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain. [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. graedhr. sq. root34. See Greedy.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
betide v. t.
To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe betide the wanderer. [OE. bitiden; pref. bi-, be- + tiden, fr. AS. tidan, to happen, fr. tid time. See Tide.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Prologue is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Alcestis of Euripides, translated into English rhyming verse by Gilbert Murray, Project Gutenberg ebook #10523, the Gilbert Murray translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Euripides, Prologue, in Alcestis (1915), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #10523, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/euripides-alcestis/prologue.html, id L28798.

Form and metre

Prologue is 118 lines in 32 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 -AABBCCDDEE--FFGGHHIIJJKKHHLL apollo · headA · breadA · hurledB · worldB · ireC · fireC · yokeD · folkD · payE · dayE · upon · son · graveF · gaveF · freeG · feeG · proveH · loveH · lifeI · wifeI · galleriesJ · isJ · dieK · nighK · loveH · aboveH · lateL · fateL
  2. 4 --ABABCDCDEFFEF thanatos · aha · gateA · overtreadB · abateA · deadB · blockedC · doomD · mockedC · tombD · moreE · shakeF · makeF · sworeE · sakeF
  3. 31 A-BBCCDDEEA apolloA · fall · conqueringB · kingB · raceC · thraceC · heD · theeD · winE · beenE · apolloA
  4. 32 -AA--BB thanatos · brideA · betideA · word · sword · visitethB · deathB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
(The scene represents the ancient Castle of ADMETUS near Pherae in Thessaly. It is the dusk before dawn; APOLLO, radiant in the darkness, looks at the Castle.)41···˘/·/˘/˘·················˘/˘/˘··/˘···/˘
APOLLO.3˘/˘
Admetus' House! 'Twas here I bowed my head10··········
Of old, and chafed not at the bondman's bread,10··········
Though born in heaven. Aye, Zeus to death had hurled10···/······
My son, Asclepios, Healer of the World,10·····/˘···
Piercing with fire his heart; and in mine ire10/˘·/······
I slew his Cyclop churls, who forged the fire.11···/˘····/˘
Whereat Zeus cast me forth to bear the yoke10˘/········
Of service to a mortal. To this folk10·/˘··/˘···
I came, and watched a stranger's herd for pay,10·····/˘···
And all his house I have prospered to this day.11······/˘···
For innocent was the Lord I chanced upon10·/˘·······
And clean as mine own heart, King Pheres' son,9·········
Admetus. Him I rescued from the grave,10·····/˘···
Beguiling the Grey Sisters till they gave10˘/˘··/˘···
A great oath that Admetus should go free,10··········
Would he but pay to Them Below in fee10··········
Another living soul. Long did he prove10˘/˘/˘·····
All that were his, and all that owed him love,10··········
But never a soul he found would yield up life10·/········
And leave the sunlight for him, save his wife:10···/······
Who, even now, down the long galleries10·/˘····/˘˘
Is borne, death-wounded; for this day it is10···/˘·····
She needs must pass out of the light and die.10··········
And, seeing the stain of death must not come nigh10·/········
My radiance, I must leave this house I love.10·/˘·······
But ha! The Headsman of the Pit, above10···/˘·····
Earth's floor, to ravish her! Aye, long and late10···/˘·····
He hath watched, and cometh at the fall of fate.11····/˘·····
(Enter from the other side THANATOS; a crouching black-haired and winged figure, carrying a drawn sword. He starts in revulsion on seeing APOLLO.)35/˘··/˘·····/˘····/˘/˘······˘/˘·/˘/˘
THANATOS.3···
Aha!2·/
Why here? What mak'st thou at the gate,8········
Thou Thing of Light? Wilt overtread8········
The eternal judgment, and abate9·˘/˘/˘·˘/
And spoil the portions of the dead?8···/˘···
'Tis not enough for thee to have blocked10··˘/·····˘
In other days Admetus' doom8·/˘·····
With craft of magic wine, which mocked9···/˘···˘
The three grey Sisters of the Tomb;8···/˘···
But now once more4····
I see thee stand at watch, and shake8········
That arrow-armèd hand to make7·/˘····
This woman thine, who swore, who swore,8·/˘·····
To die now for her husband's sake.8·····/˘·
APOLLO.3˘/˘
Fear not.2··
I bring fair words and seek but what is just.10··········
THANATOS (sneering).5···/˘
And if words help thee not, an arrow must?10·······/˘·
APOLLO.3˘/˘
'Tis ever my delight to bear this bow.10·/˘·˘/····
THANATOS.3···
And aid this house unjustly? Aye, 'tis so.10····˘/˘···
APOLLO.3˘/˘
I love this man, and grieve for his dismay.10········˘/
THANATOS.3···
And now wilt rob me of my second prey!10·······/˘·
APOLLO.3˘/˘
I never robbed thee, neither then nor now.10·/˘··/˘···
THANATOS.3···
Why is Admetus here then, not below?10··········
APOLLO.3˘/˘
He gave for ransom his own wife, for whom ...10···/˘·····
THANATOS (interrupting).7····˘/˘
I am come; and straight will bear her to the tomb.11···········
APOLLO.3˘/˘
Go, take her.--I can never move thine heart.10·····/˘···
THANATOS (mocking).5···/˘
To slay the doomed?--Nay; I will do my part.10··········
APOLLO.3˘/˘
No. To keep death for them that linger late.10·······/˘·
THANATOS (still mocking).6····/˘
'Twould please thee, so?... I owe thee homage great.10·······/˘·
APOLLO.3˘/˘
Ah, then she may yet ... she may yet grow old?10··········
THANATOS (with a laugh).6······
No!... I too have my rights, and them I hold.10··········
APOLLO.3˘/˘
'Tis but one life thou gainest either-wise.10·····/˘/˘·
THANATOS.3···
When young souls die, the richer is my prize.10·····/˘···
APOLLO.3˘/˘
Old, with great riches they will bury her.10···/˘··/˘·
THANATOS.3···
Fie on thee, fie! Thou rich-man's lawgiver!9·······/˘
APOLLO.3˘/˘
How? Is there wit in Death, who seemed so blind?10··········
THANATOS.3···
The rich would buy long life for all their kind.10··········
APOLLO.3˘/˘
Thou will not grant me, then, this boon? 'Tis so?10··········
THANATOS.3···
Thou knowest me, what I am: I tell thee, no!11·/˘········
APOLLO.3˘/˘
I know gods sicken at thee and men pine.10···/˘·····
THANATOS.3···
Begone! Too many things not meant for thine10˘/·/˘·····
Thy greed hath conquered; but not all, not all!10···/˘·····
APOLLO.3˘/˘
I swear, for all thy bitter pride, a fall10·····/˘···
Awaits thee. One even now comes conquering11˘/··/˘··/˘˘
Towards this house, sent by a southland king10·······/··
To fetch him four wild coursers, of the race10·····/˘···
Which rend men's bodies in the winds of Thrace.10···/˘·····
This house shall give him welcome good, and he10·····/˘···
Shall wrest this woman from thy worms and thee.10···/˘·····
So thou shalt give me all, and thereby win10··········
But hatred, not the grace that might have been.10·/˘·······
(Exit APOLLO.)5/˘˘/˘
THANATOS.3···
Talk on, talk on! Thy threats shall win no bride10··········
From me.--This woman, whatsoe'er betide,9···/˘··˘/
Shall lie in Hades' house. Even at the word10···/˘·/···
I go to lay upon her hair my sword.10··········
For all whose head this grey sword visiteth10·······/˘˘
To death are hallowed and the Lords of death.10···/˘·····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Euripides