Kommos
(The stage is empty; then ADMETUS and the CHORUS return.)
ADMETUS.Alas!Bitter the homeward way,Bitter to seekA widowed house; ah me,Where should I fly or stay,Be dumb or speak?Would I could cease to be!
Despair, despair!My mother bore me under an evil star.I envy them that are perished; my heart is there.It dwells in the Sunless Houses, afar, afar.
I take no joy in looking upon the light;No joy in the feel of the earth beneath my tread.The Slayer hath taken his hostage; the Lord of the DeadHoldeth me sworn to taste no more delight.
(He throws himself on the ground in despair.)
CHORUS.(Each member of the CHORUS speaks his line severally, as he passes ADMETUS, who is heard sobbing at the end of each line.)
--Advance, advance;Till the house shall give thee cover.--Thou hast borne heavy thingsAnd meet for lamentation.--Thou hast passed, hast passed,Thro' the deepest of the River.--Yet no help comesTo the sad and silent nation.--And the face of thy belovèd, it shall meet thee never, never!
ADMETUS.Ye wrench my wounds asunder. WhereIs grief like mine, whose wife is dead?My wife, whom would I ne'er had wed,Nor loved, nor held my house with her....
Blessed are they who dare to dwellUnloved of woman! 'Tis but oneHeart that they bleed with, and aloneCan bear their one life's burden well.
No young shall wither at their side,No bridal room be swept by death....Aye, better man should draw his breathFor ever without child or bride.
CHORUS (as before).--'Tis Fate, 'tis Fate:She is strong and none shall break her.--No end, no end,Wilt thou lay to lamentations?--Endure and be still:Thy lamenting will not wake her.--There be many before thee,Who have suffered and had patience.--Though the face of Sorrow changeth, yet her hand is on all nations.
ADMETUS.The garb of tears, the mourner's cry:Then the long ache when tears are past!...Oh, why didst hinder me to castThis body to the dust and dieWith her, the faithful and the brave?Then not one lonely soul had fled,But two great lovers, proudly dead,Through the deep waters of the grave.
LEADER.A friend I knew,In whose house died a son,Worthy of bitter rue,His only one.His head sank, yet he bareStilly his weight of care,Though grey was in his hairAnd life nigh done.
ADMETUS.Ye shapes that front me, wall and gate,How shall I enter in and dwellAmong ye, with all Fortune's spellDischanted? Aye, the change is great.
That day I strode with bridal songThrough lifted brands of Pelian pine;A hand belovèd lay in mine;And loud behind a revelling throng
Exalted me and her, the dead.They called us young, high-hearted; toldHow princes were our sires of old,And how we loved and we must wed....
For those high songs, lo, men that moan,And raiment black where once was white;Who guide me homeward in the night,On that waste bed to lie alone.
SECOND ELDER.It breaks, like strife,Thy long peace, where no painHad entered; yet is life,Sweet life, not slain.A wife dead; a dear chairEmpty: is that so rare?Men live without despairWhose loves are ta'en.
ADMETUS (erect and facing them).Behold, I count my wife's fate happier,Though all gainsay me, than mine own. To herComes no more pain for ever; she hath restAnd peace from all toil, and her name is blest.But I am one who hath no right to stayAlive on earth; one that hath lost his wayIn fate, and strays in dreams of life long past....Friends, I have learned my lesson at the last.I have my life. Here stands my house. But nowHow dare I enter in? Or, entered, howGo forth again? Go forth, when none is thereTo give me a parting word, and I to her?...Where shall I turn for refuge? There within,The desert that remains where she hath beenWill drive me forth, the bed, the empty seatShe sat in; nay, the floor beneath my feetUnswept, the children crying at my kneeFor mother; and the very thralls will beIn sobs for the dear mistress that is lost.That is my home! If I go forth, a hostOf feasts and bridal dances, gatherings gayOf women, will be there to fright me awayTo loneliness. Mine eyes will never bearThe sight. They were her friends; they played with her.And always, always, men who hate my nameWill murmur: "This is he who lives in shameBecause he dared not die! He gave insteadThe woman whom he loved, and so is fledFrom death. He counts himself a man withal!And seeing his parents died not at his callHe hates them, when himself he dared not die!"Such mocking beside all my pain shall IEndure.... What profit was it to live on,Friend, with my grief kept and mine honour gone?
Words in this poem 18
- homeward a.
- Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
- sunless a.
- Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.
- afar adv.
- At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
- slayer n.
- One who slays; a killer; a murderer; a destrroyer of life.
- hostage n.
- A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or stipulations of any kind, on the performance of which the person is to be released. [OE. hostage, OF. hostage, ostage, F. ôtage, LL. hostaticus, ostaticum, for hospitaticum, fr. L. hospes guest, host. The first meaning is, the state of a guest, ]
- sobbing n.
- A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- wrench n.
- Trick; deceit; fraud; stratagem. [OE. wrench deceit, AS. wrenc deceit, a twisting; akin to G. rank intrigue, crookedness, renken to bend, twist, and E. wring. Wring, and cf. Ranch, v. t.]
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
- garb n.
- External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
- ache n.
- A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. Holland. [F. ache, L. apium parsley.]
- didst
- , the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
- stilly a.
- Still; quiet; calm.
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- loneliness n.
- The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion.
- withal adv.
- With this; with that. [With + all.]
- honour n.
- Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Kommos is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Alcestis of Euripides, translated into English rhyming verse by Gilbert Murray, Project Gutenberg ebook #10523, the Gilbert Murray translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Euripides, Kommos, in Alcestis (1915), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #10523, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/euripides-alcestis/kommos.html, id L28807.
Form and metre
Kommos is 131 lines in 19 stanzas. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABBA, in 6 of the 19 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic pentameter.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 2 --ABCABC admetus · alas · wayA · seekB · meC · stayA · speakB · beC
- 3 ABAB despairA · starB · thereA · afarB
- 4 ABBA lightA · treadB · deadB · delightA
- 7 ---A---A- advance · cover · things · lamentationA · passed · river · comes · nationA · never
- 8 --AA- admetus · where · deadA · wedA · her
- 9 ABBA dwellA · oneB · aloneB · wellA
- 10 ABBA sideA · deathB · breathB · brideA
- 11 --A-B-A-BB before · fate · herA · end · lamentationsB · still · herA · thee · patienceB · nationsB
- 12 -ABBACDDC admetus · cryA · pastB · castB · dieA · braveC · fledD · deadD · graveC
- 13 -ABABCCCB leader · knewA · sonB · rueA · oneB · bareC · careC · hairC · doneB
- 14 -ABBA admetus · gateA · dwellB · spellB · greatA
- 15 ABBA songA · pineB · mineB · throngA
- 16 ABBA deadA · toldB · oldB · wedA
- 17 ABBA moanA · whiteB · nightB · aloneA
- 18 -ABABCCC- elder · strifeA · painB · lifeA · slainB · chairC · rareC · despairC · ta'en
- 19 ---AABBCCDD--EEFFGG--HH--IIJJKKLL-- them · happier · her · restA · blestA · stayB · wayB · pastC · lastC · nowD · howD · there · her · withinE · beenE · seatF · feetF · kneeG · beG · lost · host · gayH · awayH · bear · her · nameI · shameI · insteadJ · fledJ · withalK · callK · dieL · iL · on · gone
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| (The stage is empty; then ADMETUS and the CHORUS return.) | 15 | ···/˘······/˘˘/ |
| ADMETUS. | 3 | ··· |
| Alas! | 2 | ˘/ |
| Bitter the homeward way, | 6 | /˘·/˘· |
| Bitter to seek | 4 | /˘·· |
| A widowed house; ah me, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Where should I fly or stay, | 6 | ······ |
| Be dumb or speak? | 4 | ···· |
| Would I could cease to be! | 6 | ······ |
| Despair, despair! | 4 | ˘/˘/ |
| My mother bore me under an evil star. | 10 | ·/˘·····/· |
| I envy them that are perished; my heart is there. | 12 | ·/˘···/˘···· |
| It dwells in the Sunless Houses, afar, afar. | 12 | ····/˘/˘˘/˘/ |
| I take no joy in looking upon the light; | 11 | ·····/˘···· |
| No joy in the feel of the earth beneath my tread. | 12 | ············ |
| The Slayer hath taken his hostage; the Lord of the Dead | 14 | ·/˘·/˘·/˘····· |
| Holdeth me sworn to taste no more delight. | 10 | /˘······˘/ |
| (He throws himself on the ground in despair.) | 10 | ··˘/····˘/ |
| CHORUS. | 2 | /˘ |
| (Each member of the CHORUS speaks his line severally, as he passes ADMETUS, who is heard sobbing at the end of each line.) | 30 | ·/˘··/˘···/˘··/˘······/˘······ |
| --Advance, advance; | 4 | ˘/˘/ |
| Till the house shall give thee cover. | 8 | ······/˘ |
| --Thou hast borne heavy things | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And meet for lamentation. | 7 | ······· |
| --Thou hast passed, hast passed, | 5 | ····· |
| Thro' the deepest of the River. | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| --Yet no help comes | 4 | ···· |
| To the sad and silent nation. | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| --And the face of thy belovèd, it shall meet thee never, never! | 13 | ···········// |
| ADMETUS. | 3 | ··· |
| Ye wrench my wounds asunder. Where | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Is grief like mine, whose wife is dead? | 8 | ········ |
| My wife, whom would I ne'er had wed, | 8 | ········ |
| Nor loved, nor held my house with her.... | 9 | ··˘······ |
| Blessed are they who dare to dwell | 7 | ······· |
| Unloved of woman! 'Tis but one | 9 | ˘/˘·/˘··· |
| Heart that they bleed with, and alone | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Can bear their one life's burden well. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| No young shall wither at their side, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| No bridal room be swept by death.... | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Aye, better man should draw his breath | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| For ever without child or bride. | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| CHORUS (as before). | 5 | /˘··· |
| --'Tis Fate, 'tis Fate: | 4 | ···· |
| She is strong and none shall break her. | 8 | ········ |
| --No end, no end, | 4 | ···· |
| Wilt thou lay to lamentations? | 8 | ········ |
| --Endure and be still: | 5 | ˘/··· |
| Thy lamenting will not wake her. | 8 | ·˘/˘···· |
| --There be many before thee, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Who have suffered and had patience. | 9 | ··/˘˘··/˘ |
| --Though the face of Sorrow changeth, yet her hand is on all nations. | 16 | ····/˘/˘······/˘ |
| ADMETUS. | 3 | ··· |
| The garb of tears, the mourner's cry: | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Then the long ache when tears are past!... | 8 | ········ |
| Oh, why didst hinder me to cast | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| This body to the dust and die | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| With her, the faithful and the brave? | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Then not one lonely soul had fled, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| But two great lovers, proudly dead, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Through the deep waters of the grave. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| LEADER. | 2 | /˘ |
| A friend I knew, | 4 | ···· |
| In whose house died a son, | 6 | ······ |
| Worthy of bitter rue, | 6 | /˘·/˘· |
| His only one. | 4 | ·/˘· |
| His head sank, yet he bare | 6 | ······ |
| Stilly his weight of care, | 6 | /˘···· |
| Though grey was in his hair | 6 | ······ |
| And life nigh done. | 4 | ···· |
| ADMETUS. | 3 | ··· |
| Ye shapes that front me, wall and gate, | 8 | ········ |
| How shall I enter in and dwell | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Among ye, with all Fortune's spell | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Dischanted? Aye, the change is great. | 8 | ········ |
| That day I strode with bridal song | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Through lifted brands of Pelian pine; | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| A hand belovèd lay in mine; | 7 | ······· |
| And loud behind a revelling throng | 9 | ·····˘/˘· |
| Exalted me and her, the dead. | 8 | ˘/˘····· |
| They called us young, high-hearted; told | 9 | ··˘···/˘· |
| How princes were our sires of old, | 9 | ·/˘·/˘··· |
| And how we loved and we must wed.... | 9 | ····˘···· |
| For those high songs, lo, men that moan, | 8 | ········ |
| And raiment black where once was white; | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Who guide me homeward in the night, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| On that waste bed to lie alone. | 8 | ······˘/ |
| SECOND ELDER. | 4 | /˘/˘ |
| It breaks, like strife, | 4 | ···· |
| Thy long peace, where no pain | 6 | ······ |
| Had entered; yet is life, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Sweet life, not slain. | 4 | ···· |
| A wife dead; a dear chair | 6 | ······ |
| Empty: is that so rare? | 6 | /˘···· |
| Men live without despair | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Whose loves are ta'en. | 4 | ···· |
| ADMETUS (erect and facing them). | 9 | ···˘/·/˘· |
| Behold, I count my wife's fate happier, | 10 | ˘/·····/˘˘ |
| Though all gainsay me, than mine own. To her | 10 | ··/······· |
| Comes no more pain for ever; she hath rest | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| And peace from all toil, and her name is blest. | 10 | ·········· |
| But I am one who hath no right to stay | 10 | ·········· |
| Alive on earth; one that hath lost his way | 10 | ˘/········ |
| In fate, and strays in dreams of life long past.... | 10 | ·········· |
| Friends, I have learned my lesson at the last. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| I have my life. Here stands my house. But now | 10 | ·········· |
| How dare I enter in? Or, entered, how | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Go forth again? Go forth, when none is there | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| To give me a parting word, and I to her?... | 11 | ····/˘····· |
| Where shall I turn for refuge? There within, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The desert that remains where she hath been | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| Will drive me forth, the bed, the empty seat | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| She sat in; nay, the floor beneath my feet | 10 | ·········· |
| Unswept, the children crying at my knee | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| For mother; and the very thralls will be | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| In sobs for the dear mistress that is lost. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| That is my home! If I go forth, a host | 10 | ·········· |
| Of feasts and bridal dances, gatherings gay | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| Of women, will be there to fright me away | 11 | ·/˘······˘/ |
| To loneliness. Mine eyes will never bear | 10 | ·/˘˘···/˘· |
| The sight. They were her friends; they played with her. | 10 | ·········· |
| And always, always, men who hate my name | 10 | ·/·/······ |
| Will murmur: "This is he who lives in shame | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Because he dared not die! He gave instead | 10 | ········˘/ |
| The woman whom he loved, and so is fled | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| From death. He counts himself a man withal! | 10 | ····˘/··˘/ |
| And seeing his parents died not at his call | 10 | ·/·/˘····· |
| He hates them, when himself he dared not die!" | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| Such mocking beside all my pain shall I | 10 | ·/˘·/····· |
| Endure.... What profit was it to live on, | 10 | ˘/·/˘····· |
| Friend, with my grief kept and mine honour gone? | 10 | ·······/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.