First Episode

Euripides (480 BC–406 BC), translated by Gilbert Murray · 1915

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 96 lines · from Alcestis

(Enter from the Castle a HANDMAID, almost in tears.)

LEADER.But see, a handmaid cometh, and the tearWet on her cheek! What tiding shall we hear?...Thy grief is natural, daughter, if some illHath fallen to-day. Say, is she living stillOr dead, your mistress? Speak, if speak you may.

MAID.Alive. No, dead.... Oh, read it either way.

LEADER.Nay, daughter, can the same soul live and die?

MAID.Her life is broken; death is in her eye.

LEADER.Poor King, to think what she was, and what thou!

MAID.He never knew her worth.... He will know it now.

LEADER.There is no hope, methinks, to save her still?

MAID.The hour is come, and breaks all human will.

LEADER.She hath such tendance as the dying crave?

MAID.For sure: and rich robes ready for her grave.

LEADER.'Fore God, she dies high-hearted, aye, and farIn honour raised above all wives that are!

MAID.Far above all! How other? What must she,Who seeketh to surpass this woman, be?Or how could any wife more shining makeHer lord's love, than by dying for his sake?But thus much all the city knows. 'Tis here,In her own rooms, the tale will touch thine earWith strangeness. When she knew the day was come,She rose and washed her body, white as foam,With running water; then the cedarn pressShe opened, and took forth her funeral dressAnd rich adornment. So she stood arrayedBefore the Hearth-Fire of her home, and prayed:"Mother, since I must vanish from the day,This last, last time I kneel to thee and pray;Be mother to my two children! Find some dearHelpmate for him, some gentle lord for her.And let not them, like me, before their hourDie; let them live in happiness, in ourOld home, till life be full and age content."To every household altar then she wentAnd made for each his garland of the greenBoughs of the wind-blown myrtle, and was seenPraying, without a sob, without a tear.She knew the dread thing coming, but her clearCheek never changed: till suddenly she fledBack to her own chamber and bridal bed:Then came the tears and she spoke all her thought."O bed, whereon my laughing girlhood's knotWas severed by this man, for whom I die,Farewell! 'Tis thou ... I speak not bitterly....'Tis thou hast slain me. All alone I goLest I be false to him or thee. And lo,Some woman shall lie here instead of me--Happier perhaps; more true she cannot be."She kissed the pillow as she knelt, and wetWith flooding tears was that fair coverlet.At last she had had her fill of weeping; thenShe tore herself away, and rose again,Walking with downcast eyes; yet turned beforeShe had left the room, and cast her down once moreKneeling beside the bed. Then to her sideThe children came, and clung to her and cried,And her arms hugged them, and a long good-byeShe gave to each, like one who goes to die.The whole house then was weeping, every slaveIn sorrow for his mistress. And she gaveHer hand to all; aye, none so base was thereShe gave him not good words and he to her.So on Admetus falls from either sideSorrow. 'Twere bitter grief to him to have diedHimself; and being escaped, how sore a woeHe hath earned instead--Ah, some day he shall know!

LEADER.Surely Admetus suffers, even to-day,For this true-hearted love he hath cast away?

MAID.He weeps; begs her not leave him desolate,And holds her to his heart--too late, too late!She is sinking now, and there, beneath his eyeFading, the poor cold hand falls languidly,And faint is all her breath. Yet still she fainWould look once on the sunlight--once againAnd never more. I will go in and tellThy presence. Few there be, will serve so wellMy master and stand by him to the end.But thou hast been from olden days our friend.(The MAID goes in.)

Words in this poem 21
handmaid n.
A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
methinks v.
It seems to me; I think. See Me. [AS. þyncan to seem, me þynceedh, me þuhte, OE. me thinketh, me thoughte; akin to G. dünken to seem, denken to think, and E. think. See Me, and Think.]
tendance n.
The act of attending or waiting; attendance. [See Tend to attend, and cf. Attendance.]
crave v. t.
To ask with earnestness or importunity; to ask with submission or humility; to beg; to entreat; to beseech; to implore. [AS. crafian; akin to Icel. krefia, Sw. kr, Dan. kr.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
strangeness n.
The state or quality of being strange (in any sense of the adjective).
cedarn a.
Of or pertaining to the cedar or its wood.
kneel v. i.
To bend the knee; to fall or rest on the knees; -- sometimes with down. [OE. knelen, cneolien; akin to D. knielen, Dan. knæle. See Knee.]
helpmate n.
A helper; a companion; specifically, a wife. [A corruption of the "help meet for him" of Genesis ii. 18.Fitzedward Hall.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
whereon adv.
On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
bitterly adv.
In a bitter manner.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
flooding n.
The filling or covering with water or other fluid; overflow; inundation; the filling anything to excess.
tore n.
The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
clung a.
Wasted away; shrunken. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]
fading n.
An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
olden a.
Old; ancient; as, the olden time.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

First Episode is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Alcestis of Euripides, translated into English rhyming verse by Gilbert Murray, Project Gutenberg ebook #10523, the Gilbert Murray translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Euripides, First Episode, in Alcestis (1915), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #10523, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/euripides-alcestis/first-episode.html, id L28800.

Form and metre

First Episode is 96 lines in 15 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 62% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%).

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 -AABB- leader · tearA · hearA · illB · stillB · may
  2. 12 -AA leader · farA · areA
  3. 13 -AABBCCDDEEFFGG--HHIIJJKKLL--M-NNMMOOPPQQRRSSTT--UUVV maid · sheA · beA · makeB · sakeB · hereC · earC · comeD · foamD · pressE · dressE · arrayedF · prayedF · dayG · prayG · dear · her · hourH · ourH · contentI · wentI · greenJ · seenJ · tearK · clearK · fledL · bedL · thought · knot · dieM · bitterly · goN · loN · meM · beM · wetO · coverletO · thenP · againP · beforeQ · moreQ · sideR · criedR · byeS · dieS · slaveT · gaveT · there · her · sideU · diedU · woeV · knowV
  4. 14 -AA leader · dayA · awayA
  5. 15 -AA--BBCCDD- maid · desolateA · lateA · eye · languidly · fainB · againB · tellC · wellC · endD · friendD · in
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
(Enter from the Castle a HANDMAID, almost in tears.)13/˘··/˘···/···
LEADER.2/˘
But see, a handmaid cometh, and the tear10·····/˘···
Wet on her cheek! What tiding shall we hear?...10·····/˘···
Thy grief is natural, daughter, if some ill10···/˘/˘···
Hath fallen to-day. Say, is she living still11·/˘·····/˘·
Or dead, your mistress? Speak, if speak you may.10···/˘·····
MAID.1·
Alive. No, dead.... Oh, read it either way.10˘/·····/˘·
LEADER.2/˘
Nay, daughter, can the same soul live and die?10·/˘·······
MAID.1·
Her life is broken; death is in her eye.10···/˘·····
LEADER.2/˘
Poor King, to think what she was, and what thou!10··········
MAID.1·
He never knew her worth.... He will know it now.10·/········
LEADER.2/˘
There is no hope, methinks, to save her still?10····˘/····
MAID.1·
The hour is come, and breaks all human will.10·/·····/˘·
LEADER.2/˘
She hath such tendance as the dying crave?10···/˘··/˘·
MAID.1·
For sure: and rich robes ready for her grave.10·····/˘···
LEADER.2/˘
'Fore God, she dies high-hearted, aye, and far10·····/˘···
In honour raised above all wives that are!10·/˘·······
MAID.1·
Far above all! How other? What must she,10·····/˘···
Who seeketh to surpass this woman, be?10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Or how could any wife more shining make10···/˘··/˘·
Her lord's love, than by dying for his sake?10·····/˘···
But thus much all the city knows. 'Tis here,10·····/˘···
In her own rooms, the tale will touch thine ear10··········
With strangeness. When she knew the day was come,10·/˘·······
She rose and washed her body, white as foam,10·····/˘···
With running water; then the cedarn press10·/˘/˘··/˘·
She opened, and took forth her funeral dress10·/˘····/˘·
And rich adornment. So she stood arrayed10··˘/˘···˘/
Before the Hearth-Fire of her home, and prayed:10····/·····
"Mother, since I must vanish from the day,10/˘···/˘···
This last, last time I kneel to thee and pray;10··········
Be mother to my two children! Find some dear11·/˘···/˘···
Helpmate for him, some gentle lord for her.10/˘···/˘···
And let not them, like me, before their hour11·········/˘
Die; let them live in happiness, in our11·····/˘˘·/˘
Old home, till life be full and age content."10········/˘
To every household altar then she went10·/˘/·/˘···
And made for each his garland of the green10·····/˘···
Boughs of the wind-blown myrtle, and was seen10·····/˘···
Praying, without a sob, without a tear.10/˘········
She knew the dread thing coming, but her clear10·····/˘···
Cheek never changed: till suddenly she fled10·/˘··/˘˘··
Back to her own chamber and bridal bed:10····/˘·/˘·
Then came the tears and she spoke all her thought.10··········
"O bed, whereon my laughing girlhood's knot10··˘/·/˘/··
Was severed by this man, for whom I die,10·/˘·······
Farewell! 'Tis thou ... I speak not bitterly....10·/·····/˘˘
'Tis thou hast slain me. All alone I go10······˘/··
Lest I be false to him or thee. And lo,10··········
Some woman shall lie here instead of me--10·/˘···˘/··
Happier perhaps; more true she cannot be."10/˘˘/···/˘·
She kissed the pillow as she knelt, and wet10···/˘·····
With flooding tears was that fair coverlet.10·/˘····/˘˘
At last she had had her fill of weeping; then11········/˘·
She tore herself away, and rose again,10··˘/˘/··˘/
Walking with downcast eyes; yet turned before10/˘·/······
She had left the room, and cast her down once more11···········
Kneeling beside the bed. Then to her side10/˘·/······
The children came, and clung to her and cried,10·/˘·······
And her arms hugged them, and a long good-bye10··········
She gave to each, like one who goes to die.10··········
The whole house then was weeping, every slave10·····/˘/˘·
In sorrow for his mistress. And she gave10·/˘··/˘···
Her hand to all; aye, none so base was there10··········
She gave him not good words and he to her.10··········
So on Admetus falls from either side10·······/˘·
Sorrow. 'Twere bitter grief to him to have died11/˘·/˘······
Himself; and being escaped, how sore a woe10˘/·/˘/····
He hath earned instead--Ah, some day he shall know!11···˘/······
LEADER.2/˘
Surely Admetus suffers, even to-day,10/˘···/˘/··
For this true-hearted love he hath cast away?11···/˘····˘/
MAID.1·
He weeps; begs her not leave him desolate,10·······/˘·
And holds her to his heart--too late, too late!10··········
She is sinking now, and there, beneath his eye11··/˘·······
Fading, the poor cold hand falls languidly,10/˘········
And faint is all her breath. Yet still she fain10··········
Would look once on the sunlight--once again10·····/··˘/
And never more. I will go in and tell10·/˘·······
Thy presence. Few there be, will serve so well10·/˘·······
My master and stand by him to the end.10·/˘·······
But thou hast been from olden days our friend.10·····/˘·/·
(The MAID goes in.)4····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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