Yorktown

John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892) · 1865

iambic tetrameter · AABBCCDD · 80 lines · from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform

FROM Yorktown's ruins, ranked and still,Two lines stretch far o'er vale and hillWho curbs his steed at head of one?Hark! the low murmur: Washington!Who bends his keen, approving glance,Where down the gorgeous line of FranceShine knightly star and plume of snow?Thou too art victor, Rochambeau!The earth which bears this calm arrayShook with the war-charge yesterday,

Ploughed deep with hurrying hoof and wheel,Shot-sown and bladed thick with steel;October's clear and noonday sunPaled in the breath-smoke of the gun,And down night's double blackness fell,Like a dropped star, the blazing shell.

Now all is hushed: the gleaming linesStand moveless as the neighboring pines;While through them, sullen, grim, and slow,The conquered hosts of England goO'Hara's brow belies his dress,Gay Tarleton's troop rides bannerless:Shout, from thy fired and wasted homes,Thy scourge, Virginia, captive comes!

Nor thou alone; with one glad voiceLet all thy sister States rejoice;Let Freedom, in whatever climeShe waits with sleepless eye her time,Shouting from cave and mountain woodMake glad her desert solitude,While they who hunt her quail with fear;The New World's chain lies broken here!

But who are they, who, cowering, waitWithin the shattered fortress gate?Dark tillers of Virginia's soil,Classed with the battle's common spoil,With household stuffs, and fowl, and swine,With Indian weed and planters' wine,With stolen beeves, and foraged corn,--Are they not men, Virginian born?

Oh, veil your faces, young and brave!Sleep, Scammel, in thy soldier graveSons of the Northland, ye who setStout hearts against the bayonet,And pressed with steady footfall nearThe moated battery's blazing tier,Turn your scarred faces from the sight,Let shame do homage to the right!

Lo! fourscore years have passed; and whereThe Gallic bugles stirred the air,And, through breached batteries, side by side,To victory stormed the hosts allied,And brave foes grounded, pale with pain,The arms they might not lift again,As abject as in that old dayThe slave still toils his life away.

Oh, fields still green and fresh in story,Old days of pride, old names of glory,Old marvels of the tongue and pen,Old thoughts which stirred the hearts of men,Ye spared the wrong; and over allBehold the avenging shadow fall!Your world-wide honor stained with shame,--Your freedom's self a hollow name!

Where's now the flag of that old war?Where flows its stripe? Where burns its star?Bear witness, Palo Alto's day,Dark Vale of Palms, red Monterey,Where Mexic Freedom, young and weak,Fleshes the Northern eagle's beak;Symbol of terror and despair,Of chains and slaves, go seek it there!

Laugh, Prussia, midst thy iron ranksLaugh, Russia, from thy Neva's banks!Brave sport to see the fledgling bornOf Freedom by its parent torn!Safe now is Speilberg's dungeon cell,Safe drear Siberia's frozen hellWith Slavery's flag o'er both unrolled,What of the New World fears the Old?

Words in this poem 20
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
steed n.
A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
approving a.
Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile.
gorgeous a.
Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.]
knightly a.
Of or pertaining to a knight; becoming a knight; chivalrous; as, a knightly combat; a knightly spirit. [AS. cnihtlic boyish.]
shook v. t.
To pack, as staves, in a shook.
noonday n.
Midday; twelve o'clock in the day; noon.
moveless a.
Motionless; fixed.
sullen a.
Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
scourge n.
A lash; a strap or cord; especially, a lash used to inflict pain or punishment; an instrument of punishment or discipline; a whip. [F. escourgée, fr. L. excoriata (sc. scutica) a stripped off (lash or whip), fr. excoriate to strip, to skin. See Excoriate.]
clime n.
A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
sleepless a.
Having no sleep; wakeful.
beeves n.
; plural of Beef, the animal.
scammel n.
The female bar-tailed godwit.
footfall n.
A setting down of the foot; a footstep; the sound of a footstep.
fourscore a.
Four times twenty; eighty. [Four + core, n.]
abject a.
Cast down; low-lying. [L. abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away; ab + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]
palo n.
A pole or timber of any kind; -- in the names of trees. [Sp.
dungeon n.
A close, dark prison, commondonjon or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons. [OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a]
drear n.
Sadness; dismalness.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Yorktown is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, Yorktown, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/yorktown.html, id L24878.

Form and metre

Yorktown is 80 lines in 10 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is AABBCCDD, complete in 5 of its 10 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEE stillA · hillA · oneB · washingtonB · glanceC · franceC · snowD · rochambeauD · arrayE · yesterdayE
  2. 2 AABBCC wheelA · steelA · sunB · gunB · fellC · shellC
  3. 3 AABBCC-- linesA · pinesA · slowB · goB · dressC · bannerlessC · homes · comes
  4. 4 AABB--CC voiceA · rejoiceA · climeB · timeB · wood · solitude · fearC · hereC
  5. 5 AABBCCDD waitA · gateA · soilB · spoilB · swineC · wineC · cornD · bornD
  6. 6 AABBCCDD braveA · graveA · setB · bayonetB · nearC · tierC · sightD · rightD
  7. 7 AABBCCDD whereA · airA · sideB · alliedB · painC · againC · dayD · awayD
  8. 8 AABBCCDD storyA · gloryA · penB · menB · allC · fallC · shameD · nameD
  9. 9 --AABBCC war · star · dayA · montereyA · weakB · beakB · despairC · thereC
  10. 10 AABBCCDD ranksA · banksA · bornB · tornB · cellC · hellC · unrolledD · oldD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
FROM Yorktown's ruins, ranked and still,8·/·/˘···
Two lines stretch far o'er vale and hill8········
Who curbs his steed at head of one?8········
Hark! the low murmur: Washington!8···/˘/˘˘
Who bends his keen, approving glance,8····˘/˘·
Where down the gorgeous line of France8···/˘···
Shine knightly star and plume of snow?8·/˘·····
Thou too art victor, Rochambeau!8···/˘···
The earth which bears this calm array8······˘/
Shook with the war-charge yesterday,8·····/˘·
Ploughed deep with hurrying hoof and wheel,8···/˘···
Shot-sown and bladed thick with steel;8···/˘···
October's clear and noonday sun8˘/˘··/˘·
Paled in the breath-smoke of the gun,8········
And down night's double blackness fell,8···/˘/˘·
Like a dropped star, the blazing shell.8·····/˘·
Now all is hushed: the gleaming lines8·····/˘·
Stand moveless as the neighboring pines;9······/˘·
While through them, sullen, grim, and slow,8···/˘···
The conquered hosts of England go8·/˘··/˘·
O'Hara's brow belies his dress,8˘/˘·˘/··
Gay Tarleton's troop rides bannerless:8·/˘·····
Shout, from thy fired and wasted homes,8···/·/˘·
Thy scourge, Virginia, captive comes!8··˘/˘/˘·
Nor thou alone; with one glad voice8··˘/····
Let all thy sister States rejoice;8···/˘·˘/
Let Freedom, in whatever clime8·/˘··/˘·
She waits with sleepless eye her time,8···/˘···
Shouting from cave and mountain wood8/˘···/˘·
Make glad her desert solitude,8···/˘/˘·
While they who hunt her quail with fear;8········
The New World's chain lies broken here!8·····/˘·
But who are they, who, cowering, wait8·····/˘·
Within the shattered fortress gate?8···/˘/˘·
Dark tillers of Virginia's soil,8·/˘·˘/˘·
Classed with the battle's common spoil,8···/˘/˘·
With household stuffs, and fowl, and swine,8·/······
With Indian weed and planters' wine,8·/˘··/˘·
With stolen beeves, and foraged corn,--8·/˘··/˘·
Are they not men, Virginian born?8····˘/˘·
Oh, veil your faces, young and brave!8···/˘···
Sleep, Scammel, in thy soldier grave8·····/˘·
Sons of the Northland, ye who set8···/····
Stout hearts against the bayonet,8·····/˘·
And pressed with steady footfall near8···/˘/··
The moated battery's blazing tier,8·/˘/˘/˘·
Turn your scarred faces from the sight,8···/˘···
Let shame do homage to the right!8···/˘···
Lo! fourscore years have passed; and where8·/˘·····
The Gallic bugles stirred the air,8·/˘/˘···
And, through breached batteries, side by side,8···/˘···
To victory stormed the hosts allied,8·/˘···˘/
And brave foes grounded, pale with pain,8···/˘···
The arms they might not lift again,8······˘/
As abject as in that old day8·/˘·····
The slave still toils his life away.8······˘/
Oh, fields still green and fresh in story,9·······/˘
Old days of pride, old names of glory,9·······/˘
Old marvels of the tongue and pen,8·/˘·····
Old thoughts which stirred the hearts of men,8········
Ye spared the wrong; and over all8········
Behold the avenging shadow fall!9˘/·˘/˘/··
Your world-wide honor stained with shame,--8···/˘···
Your freedom's self a hollow name!8·/˘··/˘·
Where's now the flag of that old war?8········
Where flows its stripe? Where burns its star?8········
Bear witness, Palo Alto's day,8·/˘/˘/˘·
Dark Vale of Palms, red Monterey,8······˘/
Where Mexic Freedom, young and weak,8···/˘···
Fleshes the Northern eagle's beak;8/˘·/˘/˘·
Symbol of terror and despair,8/˘·/˘·˘/
Of chains and slaves, go seek it there!8········
Laugh, Prussia, midst thy iron ranks8·/˘··/˘·
Laugh, Russia, from thy Neva's banks!8·/˘··/˘·
Brave sport to see the fledgling born8·····/˘·
Of Freedom by its parent torn!8·/˘··/˘·
Safe now is Speilberg's dungeon cell,8·····/˘·
Safe drear Siberia's frozen hell8··˘/˘/˘·
With Slavery's flag o'er both unrolled,8·/˘·····
What of the New World fears the Old?8········

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