Randolph of Roanoke
O MOTHER EARTH! upon thy lapThy weary ones receiving,And o'er them, silent as a dream,Thy grassy mantle weaving,Fold softly in thy long embraceThat heart so worn and broken,And cool its pulse of fire beneathThy shadows old and oaken.
Shut out from him the bitter wordAnd serpent hiss of scorning;Nor let the storms of yesterdayDisturb his quiet morning.Breathe over him forgetfulnessOf all save deeds of kindness,And, save to smiles of grateful eyes,Press down his lids in blindness.
There, where with living ear and eyeHe heard Potomac's flowing,And, through his tall ancestral trees,Saw autumn's sunset glowing,He sleeps, still looking to the west,Beneath the dark wood shadow,As if he still would see the sunSink down on wave and meadow.Bard, Sage, and Tribune! in himself
All moods of mind contrasting,--The tenderest wail of human woe,The scorn like lightning blasting;The pathos which from rival eyesUnwilling tears could summon,The stinging taunt, the fiery burstOf hatred scarcely human!
Mirth, sparkling like a diamond shower,From lips of life-long sadness;Clear picturings of majestic thoughtUpon a ground of madness;And over all Romance and SongA classic beauty throwing,And laurelled Clio at his sideHer storied pages showing.
All parties feared him: each in turnBeheld its schemes disjointed,As right or left his fatal glanceAnd spectral finger pointed.Sworn foe of Cant, he smote it downWith trenchant wit unsparing,And, mocking, rent with ruthless handThe robe Pretence was wearing.
Too honest or too proud to feignA love he never cherished,Beyond Virginia's border lineHis patriotism perished.While others hailed in distant skiesOur eagle's dusky pinion,He only saw the mountain birdStoop o'er his Old Dominion!
Still through each change of fortune strange,Racked nerve, and brain all burning,His loving faith in Mother-landKnew never shade of turning;By Britain's lakes, by Neva's tide,Whatever sky was o'er him,He heard her rivers' rushing sound,Her blue peaks rose before him.
He held his slaves, yet made withalNo false and vain pretences,Nor paid a lying priest to seekFor Scriptural defences.His harshest words of proud rebuke,His bitterest taunt and scorning,Fell fire-like on the Northern browThat bent to him in fawning.
He held his slaves; yet kept the whileHis reverence for the Human;In the dark vassals of his willHe saw but Man and Woman!No hunter of God's outraged poorHis Roanoke valley entered;No trader in the souls of menAcross his threshold ventured.
And when the old and wearied manLay down for his last sleeping,And at his side, a slave no more,His brother-man stood weeping,His latest thought, his latest breath,To Freedom's duty giving,With failing tengue and trembling handThe dying blest the living.
Oh, never bore his ancient StateA truer son or braverNone trampling with a calmer scornOn foreign hate or favor.He knew her faults, yet never stoopedHis proud and manly feelingTo poor excuses of the wrongOr meanness of concealing.
But none beheld with clearer eyeThe plague-spot o'er her spreading,None heard more sure the steps of DoomAlong her future treading.For her as for himself he spake,When, his gaunt frame upbracing,He traced with dying hand "Remorse!"And perished in the tracing.
As from the grave where Henry sleeps,From Vernon's weeping willow,And from the grassy pall which hidesThe Sage of Monticello,So from the leaf-strewn burial-stoneOf Randolph's lowly dwelling,Virginia! o'er thy land of slavesA warning voice is swelling!
And hark! from thy deserted fieldsAre sadder warnings spoken,From quenched hearths, where thy exiled sonsTheir household gods have broken.The curse is on thee,--wolves for men,And briers for corn-sheaves givingOh, more than all thy dead renownWere now one hero living
Words in this poem 16
- oaken a.
- Made or consisting of oaks or of the wood of oaks. [AS. acen.]
- sadness n.
- Heaviness; firmness.
- classic a.
- Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art. [L. classicus relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. clas]
- clio n.
- The Muse who presided over history.
- storied a.
- Told in a story. [From Story.]
- disjointed a.
- Separated at the joints; disconnected; incoherent.
- trenchant a.
- Fitted to trench or cut; gutting; sharp. [OF. trenchant, F. tranchant, p. pr. See Trench, v. t.]
- unsparing a.
- Not sparing; not parsimonious; liberal; profuse. Burke. [Pref. un- not + sparing, p. pr. of spare.]
- ruthless a.
- Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless.
- pretence n.
- The act of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension. [LL. praetensus, for L. praetentus, p. p. of praetendere. See Pretend, and cf. Tension.]
- pinion n.
- A moth of the genus Lithophane, as L. antennata, whose larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples.
- withal adv.
- With this; with that. [With + all.]
- calmer n.
- One who, or that which, makes calm.
- clearer n.
- One who, or that which, clears.
- gaunt a.
- Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.]
- burial n.
- A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [OE. buriel, buriels, grave, tomb, AS. byrgels, fr. byrgan to bury, and akin to OS. burgisli sepulcher.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Randolph of Roanoke is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, Randolph of Roanoke, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/randolph-of-roanoke.html, id L24879.
Form and metre
Randolph of Roanoke is 120 lines in 15 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%).
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -A-A---- lap · receivingA · dream · weavingA · embrace · broken · beneath · oaken
- 2 -A-ABB-B word · scorningA · yesterday · morningA · forgetfulnessB · kindnessB · eyes · blindnessB
- 3 -A-A-B-B- eye · flowingA · trees · glowingA · west · shadowB · sun · meadowB · himself
- 4 A-A---- contrastingA · woe · blastingA · eyes · summon · burst · human
- 5 -A-ABB-B shower · sadnessA · thought · madnessA · songB · throwingB · side · showingB
- 6 -A-A-B-B turn · disjointedA · glance · pointedA · down · unsparingB · hand · wearingB
- 7 -ABA-B-B feign · cherishedA · lineB · perishedA · skies · pinionB · bird · dominionB
- 8 -A-A-B-B strange · burningA · land · turningA · tide · himB · sound · himB
- 10 ---A--A- while · human · will · womanA · poor · entered · menA · ventured
- 11 -A-A-B-B man · sleepingA · more · weepingA · breath · givingB · hand · livingB
- 12 -A-A-BBB state · braverA · scorn · favorA · stooped · feelingB · wrongB · concealingB
- 13 -A-A-B-B eye · spreadingA · doom · treadingA · spake · upbracingB · remorse · tracingB
- 14 -----A-A sleeps · willow · hides · monticello · stone · dwellingA · slaves · swellingA
- 15 -A-AABAB fields · spokenA · sons · brokenA · menA · givingB · renownA · livingB
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| O MOTHER EARTH! upon thy lap | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Thy weary ones receiving, | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| And o'er them, silent as a dream, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Thy grassy mantle weaving, | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Fold softly in thy long embrace | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| That heart so worn and broken, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And cool its pulse of fire beneath | 8 | ·····/·· |
| Thy shadows old and oaken. | 7 | ·/···/˘ |
| Shut out from him the bitter word | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And serpent hiss of scorning; | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| Nor let the storms of yesterday | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Disturb his quiet morning. | 7 | ˘/·/˘/˘ |
| Breathe over him forgetfulness | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Of all save deeds of kindness, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And, save to smiles of grateful eyes, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Press down his lids in blindness. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| There, where with living ear and eye | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| He heard Potomac's flowing, | 7 | ··˘/˘/˘ |
| And, through his tall ancestral trees, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Saw autumn's sunset glowing, | 7 | ·/˘/·/˘ |
| He sleeps, still looking to the west, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Beneath the dark wood shadow, | 7 | ·····/· |
| As if he still would see the sun | 8 | ········ |
| Sink down on wave and meadow. | 7 | ·····/· |
| Bard, Sage, and Tribune! in himself | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| All moods of mind contrasting,-- | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| The tenderest wail of human woe, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The scorn like lightning blasting; | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| The pathos which from rival eyes | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Unwilling tears could summon, | 7 | ˘/˘··/˘ |
| The stinging taunt, the fiery burst | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Of hatred scarcely human! | 8 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘ |
| Mirth, sparkling like a diamond shower, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| From lips of life-long sadness; | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Clear picturings of majestic thought | 8 | ·/˘·˘/˘· |
| Upon a ground of madness; | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And over all Romance and Song | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| A classic beauty throwing, | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| And laurelled Clio at his side | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Her storied pages showing. | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| All parties feared him: each in turn | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Beheld its schemes disjointed, | 7 | ˘/··˘/˘ |
| As right or left his fatal glance | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And spectral finger pointed. | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Sworn foe of Cant, he smote it down | 8 | ········ |
| With trenchant wit unsparing, | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| And, mocking, rent with ruthless hand | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The robe Pretence was wearing. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Too honest or too proud to feign | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| A love he never cherished, | 8 | ···/˘/˘˘ |
| Beyond Virginia's border line | 8 | ··˘/˘/˘· |
| His patriotism perished. | 8 | ·/˘˘·˘/˘ |
| While others hailed in distant skies | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Our eagle's dusky pinion, | 8 | /˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| He only saw the mountain bird | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Stoop o'er his Old Dominion! | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Still through each change of fortune strange, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Racked nerve, and brain all burning, | 8 | ·˘····/˘ |
| His loving faith in Mother-land | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Knew never shade of turning; | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| By Britain's lakes, by Neva's tide, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Whatever sky was o'er him, | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| He heard her rivers' rushing sound, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Her blue peaks rose before him. | 7 | ······· |
| He held his slaves, yet made withal | 8 | ······˘/ |
| No false and vain pretences, | 7 | ······· |
| Nor paid a lying priest to seek | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| For Scriptural defences. | 7 | ·/˘˘˘/˘ |
| His harshest words of proud rebuke, | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| His bitterest taunt and scorning, | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| Fell fire-like on the Northern brow | 8 | ·/···/˘· |
| That bent to him in fawning. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| He held his slaves; yet kept the while | 8 | ········ |
| His reverence for the Human; | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| In the dark vassals of his will | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| He saw but Man and Woman! | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| No hunter of God's outraged poor | 8 | ·/˘··/·· |
| His Roanoke valley entered; | 8 | ·/˘·/˘/˘ |
| No trader in the souls of men | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Across his threshold ventured. | 8 | ˘/·/·/˘˘ |
| And when the old and wearied man | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Lay down for his last sleeping, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And at his side, a slave no more, | 8 | ········ |
| His brother-man stood weeping, | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| His latest thought, his latest breath, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| To Freedom's duty giving, | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| With failing tengue and trembling hand | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The dying blest the living. | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| Oh, never bore his ancient State | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| A truer son or braver | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| None trampling with a calmer scorn | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| On foreign hate or favor. | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| He knew her faults, yet never stooped | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| His proud and manly feeling | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| To poor excuses of the wrong | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| Or meanness of concealing. | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| But none beheld with clearer eye | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| The plague-spot o'er her spreading, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| None heard more sure the steps of Doom | 8 | ········ |
| Along her future treading. | 7 | ˘/·/˘/˘ |
| For her as for himself he spake, | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| When, his gaunt frame upbracing, | 7 | ······· |
| He traced with dying hand "Remorse!" | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| And perished in the tracing. | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| As from the grave where Henry sleeps, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| From Vernon's weeping willow, | 7 | ·/˘/˘/· |
| And from the grassy pall which hides | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The Sage of Monticello, | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| So from the leaf-strewn burial-stone | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Of Randolph's lowly dwelling, | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Virginia! o'er thy land of slaves | 8 | ˘/˘····· |
| A warning voice is swelling! | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| And hark! from thy deserted fields | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Are sadder warnings spoken, | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| From quenched hearths, where thy exiled sons | 8 | ·····/·· |
| Their household gods have broken. | 7 | ·/···/˘ |
| The curse is on thee,--wolves for men, | 8 | ········ |
| And briers for corn-sheaves giving | 8 | ·/˘···/˘ |
| Oh, more than all thy dead renown | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Were now one hero living | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
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