The Slaves of Martinique

John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892) · 1865

iambic tetrameter · 144 lines · from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform

BEAMS of noon, like burning lances, through thetree-tops flash and glisten,As she stands before her lover, with raised face tolook and listen.

Dark, but comely, like the maiden in the ancientJewish songScarcely has the toil of task-fields done her gracefulbeauty wrong.

He, the strong one and the manly, with the vassal'sgarb and hue,Holding still his spirit's birthright, to his highernature true;

Hiding deep the strengthening purpose of a freemanin his heart,As the gregree holds his Fetich from the whiteman's gaze apart.

Ever foremost of his comrades, when the driver'smorning hornCalls away to stifling mill-house, to the fields ofcane and corn.

Fall the keen and burning lashes never on his backor limb;Scarce with look or word of censure, turns thedriver unto him.

Yet, his brow is always thoughtful, and his eye ishard and stern;Slavery's last and humblest lesson he has neverdeigned to learn.

And, at evening, when his comrades dance beforetheir master's door,Folding arms and knitting forehead, stands hesilent evermore.

God be praised for every instinct which rebelsagainst a lotWhere the brute survives the human, and man'supright form is not!

As the serpent-like bejuco winds his spiral foldon foldRound the tall and stately ceiba, till it withers inhis hold;

Slow decays the forest monarch, closer girds thefell embrace,Till the tree is seen no longer, and the vine is inits place;

So a base and bestial nature round the vassal'smanhood twines,And the spirit wastes beneath it, like the ceibachoked with vines.

God is Love, saith the Evangel; and our world ofwoe and sinIs made light and happy only when a Love isshining in.

Ye whose lives are free as sunshine, finding, where-soe'er ye roam,Smiles of welcome, looks of kindness, making allthe world like home;

In the veins of whose affections kindred blood isbut a part.,Of one kindly current throbbing from the universalheart;

Can ye know the deeper meaning of a love in Slaverynursed,Last flower of a lost Eden, blooming in that Soilaccursed?

Love of Home, and Love of Woman!--dear to all,but doubly dearTo the heart whose pulses elsewhere measure onlyhate and fear.

All around the desert circles, underneath a brazensky,Only one green spot remaining where the dew isnever dry!

From the horror of that desert, from its atmosphereof hell,Turns the fainting spirit thither, as the diver seekshis bell.

'T is the fervid tropic noontime; faint and low thesea-waves beat;Hazy rise the inland mountains through the glimmerof the heat,--

Where, through mingled leaves and blossoms,arrowy sunbeams flash and glisten,Speaks her lover to the slave-girl, and she lifts herhead to listen:--

"We shall live as slaves no longer! Freedom'shour is close at hand!Rocks her bark upon the waters, rests the boatupon the strand!

"I have seen the Haytien Captain; I have seenhis swarthy crew,Haters of the pallid faces, to their race and colortrue.

"They have sworn to wait our coming till the nighthas passed its noon,And the gray and darkening waters roll above thesunken moon!"

Oh, the blessed hope of freedom! how with joyand glad surprise,For an instant throbs her bosom, for an instantbeam her eyes!

But she looks across the valley, where her mother'shut is seen,Through the snowy bloom of coffee, and the lemon-leaves so green.

And she answers, sad and earnest: "It were wrongfor thee to stay;God hath heard thy prayer for freedom, and hisfinger points the way.

"Well I know with what endurance, for the sakeof me and mine,Thou hast borne too long a burden never meantfor souls like thine.

"Go; and at the hour of midnight, when our lastfarewell is o'er,Kneeling on our place of parting, I will bless theefrom the shore.

"But for me, my mother, lying on her sick-bedall the day,Lifts her weary head to watch me, coming throughthe twilight gray.

"Should I leave her sick and helpless, even freedom,shared with thee,Would be sadder far than bondage, lonely toil, andstripes to me.

"For my heart would die within me, and my brainwould soon be wild;I should hear my mother calling through the twilightfor her child!"

Blazing upward from the ocean, shines the sun ofmorning-time,Through the coffee-trees in blossom, and greenhedges of the lime.

Side by side, amidst the slave-gang, toil the loverand the maid;Wherefore looks he o'er the waters, leaning forwardon his spade?

Sadly looks he, deeply sighs he: 't is the Haytien'ssail he sees,Like a white cloud of the mountains, driven seawardby the breeze.

But his arm a light hand presses, and he hears alow voice callHate of Slavery, hope of Freedom, Love is mightierthan all.

Words in this poem 21
garb n.
External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
evermore adv.
During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for.
bejuco n.
Any climbing woody vine of the tropics with the habit of a liane; in the Philippines, esp. any of various species of Calamus, the cane or rattan palm.
withers n.
The ridge between the shoulder bones of a horse, at the base of the neck. See Illust. of Horse. [Properly, the parts which resist the pull or strain in drawing a load; fr. OE. wither resistance, AS. withre, fr. wither against; akin to G. widerrist withers. ]
closer n.
One who, or that which, closes; specifically, a boot closer. See under Boot.
bestial a.
Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts. [F. bestial, L. bestialis, fr. bestia beast. See Beast.]
saith
3d pers. sing. pres. of Say.
evangel n.
Good news; announcement of glad tidings; especially, the gospel, or a gospel. [F. évangile, L. evangelium, Gr. Eu-, and cf. Evangely.]
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
eden n.
The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence. [Heb. eden delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.]
fervid a.
Very hot; burning; boiling. [L. fervidus, fr. fervere. See Fervent.]
hazy a.
Thick with haze; somewhat obscured with haze; not clear or transparent. [From Haze, n.]
arrowy a.
Consisting of arrows.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
snowy a.
White like snow.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
amidst prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
sadly adv.
Wearily; heavily; firmly.
seaward a.
Directed or situated toward the sea. Donne.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Slaves of Martinique is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, The Slaves of Martinique, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/the-slaves-of-martinique.html, id L24881.

Form and metre

The Slaves of Martinique is 144 lines in 36 stanzas of 4 lines each. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB theA · glistenB · toA · listenB
  2. 2 -A-A ancient · songA · graceful · wrongA
  3. 3 -A-A vassal's · hueA · higher · trueA
  4. 4 -A-A freeman · heartA · white · apartA
  5. 5 -A-A driver's · hornA · of · cornA
  6. 6 -A-A back · limbA · the · himA
  7. 7 -A-A is · sternA · never · learnA
  8. 8 AA-A beforeA · doorA · he · evermoreA
  9. 9 -A-A rebels · lotA · man's · notA
  10. 10 AA-A foldA · foldA · in · holdA
  11. 11 -A-A the · embraceA · in · placeA
  12. 13 -A-A of · sinA · is · inA
  13. 14 -A-A where · roamA · all · homeA
  14. 15 -A-A is · partA · universal · heartA
  15. 16 -A-A slavery · nursedA · soil · accursedA
  16. 17 -A-A all · dearA · only · fearA
  17. 18 -A-A brazen · skyA · is · dryA
  18. 19 -A-A atmosphere · hellA · seeks · bellA
  19. 20 -A-A the · beatA · glimmer · heatA
  20. 21 -A-A blossoms · glistenA · her · listenA
  21. 22 -A-A freedom's · handA · boat · strandA
  22. 23 -A-A seen · crewA · color · trueA
  23. 24 -A-A night · noonA · the · moonA
  24. 25 -A-A joy · surpriseA · instant · eyesA
  25. 26 -AAA mother's · seenA · lemonA · greenA
  26. 27 -A-A wrong · stayA · his · wayA
  27. 28 -A-A sake · mineA · meant · thineA
  28. 30 -A-A bed · dayA · through · grayA
  29. 31 -A-A freedom · theeA · and · meA
  30. 32 -A-A brain · wildA · twilight · childA
  31. 33 -A-A of · timeA · green · limeA
  32. 34 -AAA lover · maidA · forwardA · spadeA
  33. 35 -A-A haytien's · seesA · seaward · breezeA
  34. 36 -A-A a · callA · mightier · allA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
BEAMS of noon, like burning lances, through the10····/˘/˘··
tree-tops flash and glisten,6····/˘
As she stands before her lover, with raised face to12······/˘····
look and listen.4··/˘
Dark, but comely, like the maiden in the ancient12··/˘··/˘··/˘
Jewish song3/˘·
Scarcely has the toil of task-fields done her graceful12/˘········/˘
beauty wrong.3/˘·
He, the strong one and the manly, with the vassal's12······/˘··/˘
garb and hue,3···
Holding still his spirit's birthright, to his higher11/˘··/˘/···/
nature true;3/˘·
Hiding deep the strengthening purpose of a freeman12/˘··/˘/˘··/˘
in his heart,3···
As the gregree holds his Fetich from the white11···········
man's gaze apart.4··˘/
Ever foremost of his comrades, when the driver's10//···/···/
morning horn3/˘·
Calls away to stifling mill-house, to the fields of12·˘/·/˘······
cane and corn.3···
Fall the keen and burning lashes never on his back12····/˘/˘/···
or limb;2··
Scarce with look or word of censure, turns the10······/˘··
driver unto him.5/˘···
Yet, his brow is always thoughtful, and his eye is12····/·/˘····
hard and stern;3···
Slavery's last and humblest lesson he has never11/˘··/˘/˘··/
deigned to learn.3···
And, at evening, when his comrades dance before11··/˘··/····
their master's door,4·/˘·
Folding arms and knitting forehead, stands he10/˘··/˘/˘··
silent evermore.5/˘/˘·
God be praised for every instinct which rebels11····/˘/˘·˘/
against a lot4····
Where the brute survives the human, and man's10···˘/·/˘··
upright form is not!5˘/···
As the serpent-like bejuco winds his spiral fold13··/˘·˘/˘··/˘·
on fold2··
Round the tall and stately ceiba, till it withers in13····/˘····/˘·
his hold;2··
Slow decays the forest monarch, closer girds the12·˘/·/˘/·/˘··
fell embrace,3·˘/
Till the tree is seen no longer, and the vine is in13······/˘·····
its place;2··
So a base and bestial nature round the vassal's12····/˘/˘··/˘
manhood twines,3/··
And the spirit wastes beneath it, like the ceiba11··/········
choked with vines.3···
God is Love, saith the Evangel; and our world of12·····˘/˘·/··
woe and sin3···
Is made light and happy only when a Love is12····/˘/˘····
shining in.3/˘·
Ye whose lives are free as sunshine, finding, where-11······/·/˘·
soe'er ye roam,3···
Smiles of welcome, looks of kindness, making all11··/˘··/˘/˘·
the world like home;4····
In the veins of whose affections kindred blood is12·····˘/˘/˘··
but a part.,3···
Of one kindly current throbbing from the universal14··/˘/˘/˘···˘/˘
heart;1·
Can ye know the deeper meaning of a love in Slavery14····/˘/˘····/˘
nursed,1·
Last flower of a lost Eden, blooming in that Soil12·/···/˘/˘···
accursed?2··
Love of Home, and Love of Woman!--dear to all,11······/˘···
but doubly dear4·/˘·
To the heart whose pulses elsewhere measure only12····/˘/·/˘/˘
hate and fear.3···
All around the desert circles, underneath a brazen14····/˘/˘·˘/·/˘
sky,1·
Only one green spot remaining where the dew is12/˘···˘/˘····
never dry!3/˘·
From the horror of that desert, from its atmosphere13··/˘··/˘··/˘·
of hell,2··
Turns the fainting spirit thither, as the diver seeks11··/˘//˘··/·
his bell.2··
'T is the fervid tropic noontime; faint and low the13···/˘/˘/·····
sea-waves beat;3···
Hazy rise the inland mountains through the glimmer12/˘··/·/˘··/˘
of the heat,--3···
Where, through mingled leaves and blossoms,8··/˘··/˘
arrowy sunbeams flash and glisten,9/˘˘/···/˘
Speaks her lover to the slave-girl, and she lifts her12··/˘········
head to listen:--4··/˘
"We shall live as slaves no longer! Freedom's10······/˘/˘
hour is close at hand!6/˘····
Rocks her bark upon the waters, rests the boat11······/˘···
upon the strand!4····
"I have seen the Haytien Captain; I have seen11······/˘···
his swarthy crew,4·/˘·
Haters of the pallid faces, to their race and color14/˘··/˘/˘····/˘
true.1·
"They have sworn to wait our coming till the night11·····//˘···
has passed its noon,4····
And the gray and darkening waters roll above the12····/˘/˘····
sunken moon!"3/˘·
Oh, the blessed hope of freedom! how with joy10·····/˘···
and glad surprise,4··˘/
For an instant throbs her bosom, for an instant12··/˘··/˘··/˘
beam her eyes!3···
But she looks across the valley, where her mother's12···˘/·/˘··/˘
hut is seen,3···
Through the snowy bloom of coffee, and the lemon-12··/˘··/˘··/˘
leaves so green.3···
And she answers, sad and earnest: "It were wrong11··/˘··/˘···
for thee to stay;4····
God hath heard thy prayer for freedom, and his10······/˘··
finger points the way.5/˘···
"Well I know with what endurance, for the sake10·····/˘···
of me and mine,4····
Thou hast borne too long a burden never meant10······/˘/·
for souls like thine.4····
"Go; and at the hour of midnight, when our last11····/·/··/·
farewell is o'er,4·/··
Kneeling on our place of parting, I will bless thee12/˘·/··/˘····
from the shore.3···
"But for me, my mother, lying on her sick-bed12····/˘/˘····
all the day,3···
Lifts her weary head to watch me, coming through11··/˘····/˘·
the twilight gray.4·/··
"Should I leave her sick and helpless, even freedom,11······/˘//˘
shared with thee,3···
Would be sadder far than bondage, lonely toil, and12··/˘··/˘/˘··
stripes to me.3···
"For my heart would die within me, and my brain11···········
would soon be wild;4····
I should hear my mother calling through the twilight12····/˘/˘··/·
for her child!"3···
Blazing upward from the ocean, shines the sun of11/˘/˘··/····
morning-time,3/˘·
Through the coffee-trees in blossom, and green10··/˘··/˘··
hedges of the lime.5/˘···
Side by side, amidst the slave-gang, toil the lover12···˘/·····/˘
and the maid;3···
Wherefore looks he o'er the waters, leaning forward12/˘····/˘/˘/˘
on his spade?3···
Sadly looks he, deeply sighs he: 't is the Haytien's13/˘··/˘·······
sail he sees,3···
Like a white cloud of the mountains, driven seaward11······/˘//˘
by the breeze.3···
But his arm a light hand presses, and he hears a12······/˘····
low voice call3···
Hate of Slavery, hope of Freedom, Love is mightier12··/˘··/˘··/˘
than all.2··

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