The Drovers
THROUGH heat and cold, and shower and sun,Still onward cheerly drivingThere's life alone in duty done,And rest alone in striving.But see! the day is closing cool,The woods are dim before us;The white fog of the wayside poolIs creeping slowly o'er us.
The night is falling, comrades mine,Our footsore beasts are weary,And through yon elms the tavern signLooks out upon us cheery.The landlord beckons from his door,His beechen fire is glowing;These ample barns, with feed in store,Are filled to overflowing.
From many a valley frowned acrossBy brows of rugged mountains;From hillsides where, through spongy moss,Gush out the river fountains;From quiet farm-fields, green and low,And bright with blooming clover;From vales of corn the wandering crowNo richer hovers over;
Day after day our way has beenO'er many a hill and hollow;By lake and stream, by wood and glen,Our stately drove we follow.Through dust-clouds rising thick and dun,As smoke of battle o'er us,Their white horns glisten in the sun,Like plumes and crests before us.
We see them slowly climb the hill,As slow behind it sinking;Or, thronging close, from roadside rill,Or sunny lakelet, drinking.Now crowding in the narrow road,In thick and struggling masses,They glare upon the teamster's load,Or rattling coach that passes.
Anon, with toss of horn and tail,And paw of hoof, and bellow,They leap some farmer's broken pale,O'er meadow-close or fallow.Forth comes the startled goodman; forthWife, children, house-dog, sally,Till once more on their dusty pathThe baffled truants rally.
We drive no starvelings, scraggy grown,Loose-legged, and ribbed and bony,Like those who grind their noses downOn pastures bare and stony,--Lank oxen, rough as Indian dogs,And cows too lean for shadows,Disputing feebly with the frogsThe crop of saw-grass meadows!
In our good drove, so sleek and fair,No bones of leanness rattle;No tottering hide-bound ghosts are there,Or Pharaoh's evil cattle.Each stately beeve bespeaks the handThat fed him unrepining;The fatness of a goodly landIn each dun hide is shining.
We've sought them where, in warmest nooks,The freshest feed is growing,By sweetest springs and clearest brooksThrough honeysuckle flowing;Wherever hillsides, sloping south,Are bright with early grasses,Or, tracking green the lowland's drouth,The mountain streamlet passes.
But now the day is closing cool,The woods are dim before us,The white fog of the wayside poolIs creeping slowly o'er us.The cricket to the frog's bassoonHis shrillest time is keeping;The sickle of yon setting moonThe meadow-mist is reaping.
The night is falling, comrades mine,Our footsore beasts are weary,And through yon elms the tavern signLooks out upon us cheery.To-morrow, eastward with our chargeWe'll go to meet the dawning,Ere yet the pines of KearsargeHave seen the sun of morning.
When snow-flakes o'er the frozen earth,Instead of birds, are flitting;When children throng the glowing hearth,And quiet wives are knitting;While in the fire-light strong and clearYoung eyes of pleasure glisten,To tales of all we see and hearThe ears of home shall listen.
By many a Northern lake and bill,From many a mountain pasture,Shall Fancy play the Drover still,And speed the long night faster.Then let us on, through shower and sun,And heat and cold, be driving;There 's life alone in duty done,And rest alone in striving.
Words in this poem 19
- wayside n.
- The side of the way; the edge or border of a road or path.
- beechen a.
- Consisting, or made, of the wood or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech. [AS. b.]
- drove n.
- A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
- roadside n.
- Land adjoining a road or highway; the part of a road or highway that borders the traveled part. Also used ajectively.
- rill n.
- A very small brook; a streamlet. [Cf. LG. rille a small channel or brook, a furrow, a chamfer, OE. rigol a small brook, F. rigole a trench or furrow for water, W. rhill a row, rhigol a little di]
- sunny a.
- Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
- lakelet n.
- A little lake. Southey.
- glare v. i.
- To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
- anon adv.
- Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
- goodman n.
- A familiar appellation of civility, equivalent to [Good + man]
- rally v. t.
- To collect, and reduce to order, as troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to reunite. [OF. ralier, F. rallier, fr. L. pref. re- + ad + ligare to bind. See Ra-, and 1st Ally.]
- leanness n.
- The condition or quality of being lean. [AS. hlænnes.]
- beeve n.
- A beef; a beef creature. [Formed from beeves, pl. of beef.]
- goodly a.
- Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
- wherever adv.
- At or in whatever place; wheresoever.
- streamlet n.
- A small stream; a rivulet; a rill.
- flitting n.
- A flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- drover n.
- One who drives cattle or sheep to market; one who makes it his business to purchase cattle, and drive them to market.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Drovers is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, The Drovers, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/the-drovers.html, id L24944.
Form and metre
The Drovers is 104 lines in 13 stanzas of 8 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABCDCD, complete in 7 of its 13 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 94%).
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABABCDCD sunA · drivingB · doneA · strivingB · coolC · usD · poolC · usD
- 2 ABABCDCD mineA · wearyB · signA · cheeryB · doorC · glowingD · storeC · overflowingD
- 3 ABABCDCD acrossA · mountainsB · mossA · fountainsB · lowC · cloverD · crowC · overD
- 4 AB-BACAC beenA · hollowB · glen · followB · dunA · usC · sunA · usC
- 5 ABABCDCD hillA · sinkingB · rillA · drinkingB · roadC · massesD · loadC · passesD
- 6 A-A--B-B tailA · bellow · paleA · fallow · forth · sallyB · path · rallyB
- 7 -A-ABCBC grown · bonyA · down · stonyA · dogsB · shadowsC · frogsB · meadowsC
- 8 ABABCDCD fairA · rattleB · thereA · cattleB · handC · unrepiningD · landC · shiningD
- 9 ABABCDCD nooksA · growingB · brooksA · flowingB · southC · grassesD · drouthC · passesD
- 10 ABABCDCD coolA · usB · poolA · usB · bassoonC · keepingD · moonC · reapingD
- 11 ABABC-C- mineA · wearyB · signA · cheeryB · chargeC · dawning · kearsargeC · morning
- 12 -A-ABCBC earth · flittingA · hearth · knittingA · clearB · glistenC · hearB · listenC
- 13 A-A-BCBC billA · pasture · stillA · faster · sunB · drivingC · doneB · strivingC
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| THROUGH heat and cold, and shower and sun, | 8 | ·····/·· |
| Still onward cheerly driving | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| There's life alone in duty done, | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| And rest alone in striving. | 7 | ··˘/·/˘ |
| But see! the day is closing cool, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The woods are dim before us; | 7 | ······· |
| The white fog of the wayside pool | 8 | ·····/·· |
| Is creeping slowly o'er us. | 7 | ·/˘/˘·· |
| The night is falling, comrades mine, | 8 | ···/˘/·· |
| Our footsore beasts are weary, | 8 | /˘/˘··/˘ |
| And through yon elms the tavern sign | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Looks out upon us cheery. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| The landlord beckons from his door, | 8 | ·/·/˘··· |
| His beechen fire is glowing; | 8 | ·/˘/˘·/˘ |
| These ample barns, with feed in store, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Are filled to overflowing. | 8 | ··˘·/˘·˘ |
| From many a valley frowned across | 8 | ·/·/˘·˘/ |
| By brows of rugged mountains; | 8 | ···/˘˘/˘ |
| From hillsides where, through spongy moss, | 8 | ·/···/˘· |
| Gush out the river fountains; | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| From quiet farm-fields, green and low, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And bright with blooming clover; | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| From vales of corn the wandering crow | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| No richer hovers over; | 7 | ·/˘/˘·· |
| Day after day our way has been | 8 | ····/··· |
| O'er many a hill and hollow; | 8 | ·/˘···/˘ |
| By lake and stream, by wood and glen, | 8 | ········ |
| Our stately drove we follow. | 8 | /˘/˘··/˘ |
| Through dust-clouds rising thick and dun, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| As smoke of battle o'er us, | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| Their white horns glisten in the sun, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Like plumes and crests before us. | 7 | ······· |
| We see them slowly climb the hill, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| As slow behind it sinking; | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Or, thronging close, from roadside rill, | 8 | ·/˘··/·· |
| Or sunny lakelet, drinking. | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Now crowding in the narrow road, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| In thick and struggling masses, | 8 | ···/˘˘/˘ |
| They glare upon the teamster's load, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Or rattling coach that passes. | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| Anon, with toss of horn and tail, | 8 | ˘/······ |
| And paw of hoof, and bellow, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| They leap some farmer's broken pale, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| O'er meadow-close or fallow. | 7 | ·/···/· |
| Forth comes the startled goodman; forth | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Wife, children, house-dog, sally, | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| Till once more on their dusty path | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The baffled truants rally. | 8 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘ |
| We drive no starvelings, scraggy grown, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| Loose-legged, and ribbed and bony, | 8 | ·/˘···/˘ |
| Like those who grind their noses down | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| On pastures bare and stony,-- | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| Lank oxen, rough as Indian dogs, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And cows too lean for shadows, | 7 | ·····/· |
| Disputing feebly with the frogs | 8 | ˘/˘/˘··· |
| The crop of saw-grass meadows! | 7 | ·····/· |
| In our good drove, so sleek and fair, | 8 | ·/······ |
| No bones of leanness rattle; | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| No tottering hide-bound ghosts are there, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Or Pharaoh's evil cattle. | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Each stately beeve bespeaks the hand | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| That fed him unrepining; | 7 | ······· |
| The fatness of a goodly land | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| In each dun hide is shining. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| We've sought them where, in warmest nooks, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The freshest feed is growing, | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| By sweetest springs and clearest brooks | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Through honeysuckle flowing; | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| Wherever hillsides, sloping south, | 8 | ˘/˘/·/˘· |
| Are bright with early grasses, | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| Or, tracking green the lowland's drouth, | 8 | ·/˘··/·· |
| The mountain streamlet passes. | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| But now the day is closing cool, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The woods are dim before us, | 7 | ······· |
| The white fog of the wayside pool | 8 | ·····/·· |
| Is creeping slowly o'er us. | 7 | ·/˘/˘·· |
| The cricket to the frog's bassoon | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| His shrillest time is keeping; | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| The sickle of yon setting moon | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The meadow-mist is reaping. | 7 | ·/···/˘ |
| The night is falling, comrades mine, | 8 | ···/˘/·· |
| Our footsore beasts are weary, | 8 | /˘/˘··/˘ |
| And through yon elms the tavern sign | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Looks out upon us cheery. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| To-morrow, eastward with our charge | 8 | ·/˘/˘·/· |
| We'll go to meet the dawning, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Ere yet the pines of Kearsarge | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Have seen the sun of morning. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| When snow-flakes o'er the frozen earth, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Instead of birds, are flitting; | 7 | ˘/···/˘ |
| When children throng the glowing hearth, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And quiet wives are knitting; | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| While in the fire-light strong and clear | 8 | ···/···· |
| Young eyes of pleasure glisten, | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| To tales of all we see and hear | 8 | ········ |
| The ears of home shall listen. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| By many a Northern lake and bill, | 8 | ·/·/˘··· |
| From many a mountain pasture, | 8 | ·/˘·/˘/˘ |
| Shall Fancy play the Drover still, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And speed the long night faster. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Then let us on, through shower and sun, | 8 | ·····/·· |
| And heat and cold, be driving; | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| There 's life alone in duty done, | 9 | ···˘/·/˘· |
| And rest alone in striving. | 7 | ··˘/·/˘ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.