Democracy

John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892) · 1865

iambic tetrameter · ABAB · 72 lines · from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform

BEARER of Freedom's holy light,Breaker of Slavery's chain and rod,The foe of all which pains the sight,Or wounds the generous ear of God!

Beautiful yet thy temples rise,Though there profaning gifts are thrown;And fires unkindled of the skiesAre glaring round thy altar-stone.

Still sacred, though thy name be breathedBy those whose hearts thy truth deride;And garlands, plucked from thee, are wreathedAround the haughty brows of Pride.

Oh, ideal of my boyhood's time!The faith in which my father stood,Even when the sons of Lust and CrimeHad stained thy peaceful courts with blood!

Still to those courts my footsteps turn,For through the mists which darken there,I see the flame of Freedom burn,--The Kebla of the patriot's prayer!

The generous feeling, pure and warm,Which owns the right of all divine;The pitying heart, the helping arm,The prompt self-sacrifice, are thine.

Beneath thy broad, impartial eye,How fade the lines of caste and birth!How equal in their suffering lieThe groaning multitudes of earth!

Still to a stricken brother true,Whatever clime hath nurtured him;As stooped to heal the wounded JewThe worshipper of Gerizim.

By misery unrepelled, unawedBy pomp or power, thou seest a ManIn prince or peasant, slave or lord,Pale priest, or swarthy artisan.

Through all disguise, form, place, or name,Beneath the flaunting robes of sin,Through poverty and squalid shame,Thou lookest on the man within.

On man, as man, retaining yet,Howe'er debased, and soiled, and dim,The crown upon his forehead set,The immortal gift of God to him.

And there is reverence in thy look;For that frail form which mortals wearThe Spirit of the Holiest took,And veiled His perfect brightness there.

Not from the shallow babbling fountOf vain philosophy thou art;He who of old on Syria's MountThrilled, warmed, by turns, the listener's heart,

In holy words which cannot die,In thoughts which angels leaned to know,Proclaimed thy message from on high,Thy mission to a world of woe.

That voice's echo hath not died!From the blue lake of Galilee,And Tabor's lonely mountain-side,It calls a struggling world to thee.

Thy name and watchword o'er this landI hear in every breeze that stirs,And round a thousand altars standThy banded party worshippers.

Not, to these altars of a day,At party's call, my gift I bring;But on thy olden shrine I layA freeman's dearest offering.

The voiceless utterance of his will,--His pledge to Freedom and to Truth,That manhood's heart remembers stillThe homage of his generous youth.

Words in this poem

breaker n.
One who, or that which, breaks.
generous a.
Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
glaring a.
Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring crime.
deride v. t.
To laugh at with contempt; to laugh to scorn; to turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock; to scoff at. [L. deridere, derisum; de- + rid to laugh. See Ridicule.]
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
pitying a.
Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word.
stricken p. p.
Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
clime n.
A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
squalid a.
Dirty through neglect; foul; filthy; extremely dirty. [L. squalidus, fr. squalere to be foul or filthy.]
veiled a.
Covered by, or as by, a veil; hidden.
olden a.
Old; ancient; as, the olden time.
voiceless a.
Having no voice, utterance, or vote; silent; mute; dumb.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Democracy is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, Democracy, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/democracy.html, id L24935.

Form and metre

Democracy is 72 lines in 18 stanzas of 4 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABAB, complete in 15 of its 18 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB lightA · rodB · sightA · godB
  2. 2 ABAB riseA · thrownB · skiesA · stoneB
  3. 3 -A-A breathed · derideA · wreathed · prideA
  4. 4 ABAB timeA · stoodB · crimeA · bloodB
  5. 5 ABAB turnA · thereB · burnA · prayerB
  6. 6 -A-A warm · divineA · arm · thineA
  7. 7 ABAB eyeA · birthB · lieA · earthB
  8. 8 ABAB trueA · himB · jewA · gerizimB
  9. 9 -A-A unawed · manA · lord · artisanA
  10. 10 ABAB nameA · sinB · shameA · withinB
  11. 11 ABAB yetA · dimB · setA · himB
  12. 12 ABAB lookA · wearB · tookA · thereB
  13. 13 ABAB fountA · artB · mountA · heartB
  14. 14 ABAB dieA · knowB · highA · woeB
  15. 15 ABAB diedA · galileeB · sideA · theeB
  16. 16 ABAB landA · stirsB · standA · worshippersB
  17. 17 ABAB dayA · bringB · layA · offeringB
  18. 18 ABAB willA · truthB · stillA · youthB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
BEARER of Freedom's holy light,8/˘·/˘/˘·
Breaker of Slavery's chain and rod,8/˘·/˘···
The foe of all which pains the sight,8········
Or wounds the generous ear of God!8···/˘···
Beautiful yet thy temples rise,8/˘˘··/˘·
Though there profaning gifts are thrown;8··˘/˘···
And fires unkindled of the skies8·/˘·····
Are glaring round thy altar-stone.8·/˘··/˘·
Still sacred, though thy name be breathed8·/˘·····
By those whose hearts thy truth deride;8······˘/
And garlands, plucked from thee, are wreathed8·/˘·····
Around the haughty brows of Pride.8···/˘···
Oh, ideal of my boyhood's time!8·˘/··/··
The faith in which my father stood,8·····/˘·
Even when the sons of Lust and Crime8/·······
Had stained thy peaceful courts with blood!8···/˘···
Still to those courts my footsteps turn,8·····/··
For through the mists which darken there,8·····/˘·
I see the flame of Freedom burn,--8·····/˘·
The Kebla of the patriot's prayer!8·····/˘·
The generous feeling, pure and warm,8·/˘/˘···
Which owns the right of all divine;8······˘/
The pitying heart, the helping arm,8·/˘··/˘·
The prompt self-sacrifice, are thine.8···/˘···
Beneath thy broad, impartial eye,8····˘/˘·
How fade the lines of caste and birth!8········
How equal in their suffering lie8·/˘··/˘·
The groaning multitudes of earth!8·/˘/˘···
Still to a stricken brother true,8···/˘/˘·
Whatever clime hath nurtured him;8·/˘··/˘·
As stooped to heal the wounded Jew8·····/˘·
The worshipper of Gerizim.8········
By misery unrepelled, unawed8·/˘·····
By pomp or power, thou seest a Man8···/····
In prince or peasant, slave or lord,8···/˘···
Pale priest, or swarthy artisan.8···/˘/˘˘
Through all disguise, form, place, or name,8··˘/····
Beneath the flaunting robes of sin,8···/˘···
Through poverty and squalid shame,8·/˘˘·/˘·
Thou lookest on the man within.8·/˘·····
On man, as man, retaining yet,8····˘/˘·
Howe'er debased, and soiled, and dim,8··˘/····
The crown upon his forehead set,8·····/˘·
The immortal gift of God to him.9·˘/˘·····
And there is reverence in thy look;8···/˘···
For that frail form which mortals wear8·····/˘·
The Spirit of the Holiest took,8·/··/˘˘·
And veiled His perfect brightness there.8···/·/˘·
Not from the shallow babbling fount8···/˘/˘·
Of vain philosophy thou art;8··˘/˘˘··
He who of old on Syria's Mount8·····/˘·
Thrilled, warmed, by turns, the listener's heart,8·····/˘·
In holy words which cannot die,8·/˘··/˘·
In thoughts which angels leaned to know,8···/˘···
Proclaimed thy message from on high,8˘/·/˘···
Thy mission to a world of woe.8·/˘·····
That voice's echo hath not died!8·/˘/˘···
From the blue lake of Galilee,8·····/˘·
And Tabor's lonely mountain-side,8·/˘/˘/˘·
It calls a struggling world to thee.8···/˘···
Thy name and watchword o'er this land8···/····
I hear in every breeze that stirs,8···/˘···
And round a thousand altars stand8···/˘/˘·
Thy banded party worshippers.8·/˘/˘/˘˘
Not, to these altars of a day,8···/˘···
At party's call, my gift I bring;8·/˘·····
But on thy olden shrine I lay8···/˘···
A freeman's dearest offering.8·/˘/˘/˘˘
The voiceless utterance of his will,--8·/˘/˘···
His pledge to Freedom and to Truth,8···/˘···
That manhood's heart remembers still8·/··˘/˘·
The homage of his generous youth.8·/˘··/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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