Addressed to the Patrons of the Pennsylvania Freeman

John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892) · 1865

iambic tetrameter · ABAB · 156 lines · from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform

THE wave is breaking on the shore,The echo fading from the chimeAgain the shadow moveth o'erThe dial-plate of time!

O seer-seen Angel! waiting nowWith weary feet on sea and shore,Impatient for the last dread vowThat time shall be no more!

Once more across thy sleepless eyeThe semblance of a smile has passed:The year departing leaves more nighTime's fearfullest and last.

Oh, in that dying year hath beenThe sum of all since time began;The birth and death, the joy and pain,Of Nature and of Man.

Spring, with her change of sun and shower,And streams released from Winter's chain,And bursting bud, and opening flower,And greenly growing grain;

And Summer's shade, and sunshine warm,And rainbows o'er her hill-tops bowed,And voices in her rising storm;God speaking from His cloud!

And Autumn's fruits and clustering sheaves,And soft, warm days of golden light,The glory of her forest leaves,And harvest-moon at night;

And Winter with her leafless grove,And prisoned stream, and drifting snow,The brilliance of her heaven aboveAnd of her earth below;

And man, in whom an angel's mindWith earth's low instincts finds abode,The highest of the links which bindBrute nature to her God;

His infant eye bath seen the light,His childhood's merriest laughter rung,And active sports to manlier mightThe nerves of boyhood strung!

And quiet love, and passion's fires,Have soothed or burned in manhood's breast,And lofty aims and low desiresBy turns disturbed his rest.

The wailing of the newly-bornHas mingled with the funeral knell;And o'er the dying's ear has goneThe merry marriage-bell.

And Wealth has filled his halls with mirth,While Want, in many a humble shed,Toiled, shivering by her cheerless hearth,The live-long night for bread.

And worse than all, the human slave,The sport of lust, and pride, and scorn!Plucked off the crown his Maker gave,His regal manhood gone!

Oh, still, my country! o'er thy plains,Blackened with slavery's blight and ban,That human chattel drags his chains,An uncreated man!

And still, where'er to sun and breeze,My country, is thy flag unrolled,With scorn, the gazing stranger seesA stain on every fold.

Oh, tear the gorgeous emblem down!It gathers scorn from every eye,And despots smile and good men frownWhene'er it passes by.

Shame! shame! its starry splendors glowAbove the slaver's loathsome jail;Its folds are ruffling even nowHis crimson flag of sale.

Still round our country's proudest hallThe trade in human flesh is driven,And at each careless hammer-fallA human heart is riven.

And this, too, sanctioned by the menVested with power to shield the right,And throw each vile and robber denWide open to the light.

Yet, shame upon them! there they sit,Men of the North, subdued and still;Meek, pliant poltroons, only fitTo work a master's will.

Sold, bargained off for Southern votes,A passive herd of Northern mules,Just braying through their purchased throatsWhate'er their owner rules.

And he, (2) the basest of the base,The vilest of the vile, whose name,Embalmed in infinite disgrace,Is deathless in its shame!

A tool, to bolt the people's doorAgainst the people clamoring there,An ass, to trample on their floorA people's right of prayer!

Nailed to his self-made gibbet fast,Self-pilloried to the public view,A mark for every passing blastOf scorn to whistle through;

There let him hang, and hear the boastOf Southrons o'er their pliant tool,--A new Stylites on his post,"Sacred to ridicule!"

Look we at home! our noble hall,To Freedom's holy purpose given,Now rears its black and ruined wall,Beneath the wintry heaven,

Telling the story of its doom,The fiendish mob, the prostrate law,The fiery jet through midnight's gloom,Our gazing thousands saw.

Look to our State! the poor man's rightTorn from him: and the sons of thoseWhose blood in Freedom's sternest fightSprinkled the Jersey snows,

Outlawed within the land of Penn,That Slavery's guilty fears might cease,And those whom God created menToil on as brutes in peace.

Yet o'er the blackness of the stormA bow of promise bends on high,And gleams of sunshine, soft and warm,Break through our clouded sky.East, West, and North, the shout is heard,

Of freemen rising for the rightEach valley hath its rallying word,Each hill its signal light.

O'er Massachusetts' rocks of gray,The strengthening light of freedom shines,Rhode Island's Narragansett Bay,And Vermont's snow-hung pines!

From Hudson's frowning palisadesTo Alleghany's laurelled crest,O'er lakes and prairies, streams and glades,It shines upon the West.

Speed on the light to those who dwellIn Slavery's land of woe and sin,And through the blackness of that bell,Let Heaven's own light break in.

So shall the Southern conscience quakeBefore that light poured full and strong,So shall the Southern heart awakeTo all the bondman's wrong.

And from that rich and sunny landThe song of grateful millions rise,Like that of Israel's ransomed bandBeneath Arabia's skies:

And all who now are bound beneathOur banner's shade, our eagle's wing,From Slavery's night of moral deathTo light and life shall spring.

Broken the bondman's chain, and goneThe master's guilt, and hate, and fear,And unto both alike shall dawnA New and Happy Year.

Words in this poem 22
fading n.
An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song.
chime n.
The harmonious sound of bells, or of musical instruments. [OE. chimbe, prop., cymbal, OF. cymbe, cymble, in a dialectic form, chymble, F. cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr. Gr. Cymbal.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
sleepless a.
Having no sleep; wakeful.
greenly adv.
With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely.
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
rung n.
A floor timber in a ship. [OE. ronge, AS. hrung, a staff, rod, pole; akin to G. runge a short, thick piece of iron or wood, OD. ronghe a prop, support, Icel. röng a rib in a ship, Goth. H]
boyhood n.
The state of being a boy; the time during which one is a boy. [Boy + -hood.]
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
gorgeous a.
Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.]
starry a.
Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
braying a.
Making a harsh noise; blaring.
deathless a.
Not subject to death, destruction, or extinction; immortal; undying; imperishable; as, deathless beings; deathless fame.
gibbet n.
A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL. gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an]
wintry a.
Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
fiendish a.
Like a fiend; diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal; malignant; devilish; hellish.
penn v. t.
To write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to pen a sonnet.
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
conscience n.
Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire to know. See Science.]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Addressed to the Patrons of the Pennsylvania Freeman is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, Addressed to the Patrons of the Pennsylvania Freeman, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/addressed-to-the-patrons-of-the-pennsylvania-freeman.html, id L24857.

Form and metre

Addressed to the Patrons of the Pennsylvania Freeman is 156 lines in 39 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is ABAB, complete in 27 of its 39 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A shore · chimeA · o'er · timeA
  2. 2 ABAB nowA · shoreB · vowA · moreB
  3. 3 ABAB eyeA · passedB · nighA · lastB
  4. 4 -A-A been · beganA · pain · manA
  5. 5 ABAB showerA · chainB · flowerA · grainB
  6. 6 ABAB warmA · bowedB · stormA · cloudB
  7. 7 ABAB sheavesA · lightB · leavesA · nightB
  8. 8 -A-A grove · snowA · above · belowA
  9. 9 A-A- mindA · abode · bindA · god
  10. 10 ABAB lightA · rungB · mightA · strungB
  11. 11 ABAB firesA · breastB · desiresA · restB
  12. 12 -A-A born · knellA · gone · bellA
  13. 13 -A-A mirth · shedA · hearth · breadA
  14. 14 A-A- slaveA · scorn · gaveA · gone
  15. 15 ABAB plainsA · banB · chainsA · manB
  16. 16 ABAB breezeA · unrolledB · seesA · foldB
  17. 17 ABAB downA · eyeB · frownA · byB
  18. 18 -A-A glow · jailA · now · saleA
  19. 19 ABAB hallA · drivenB · fallA · rivenB
  20. 20 ABAB menA · rightB · denA · lightB
  21. 21 ABAB sitA · stillB · fitA · willB
  22. 22 ABAB votesA · mulesB · throatsA · rulesB
  23. 23 ABAB baseA · nameB · disgraceA · shameB
  24. 24 ABAB doorA · thereB · floorA · prayerB
  25. 25 ABAB fastA · viewB · blastA · throughB
  26. 26 ABAB boastA · toolB · postA · ridiculeB
  27. 27 A-A- hallA · given · wallA · heaven
  28. 28 ABAB doomA · lawB · gloomA · sawB
  29. 29 ABAB rightA · thoseB · fightA · snowsB
  30. 30 ABAB pennA · ceaseB · menA · peaceB
  31. 31 ABAB- stormA · highB · warmA · skyB · heard
  32. 32 A-A rightA · word · lightA
  33. 33 ABAB grayA · shinesB · bayA · pinesB
  34. 34 ABAB palisadesA · crestB · gladesA · westB
  35. 35 ABAB dwellA · sinB · bellA · inB
  36. 36 ABAB quakeA · strongB · awakeA · wrongB
  37. 37 ABAB landA · riseB · bandA · skiesB
  38. 38 -A-A beneath · wingA · death · springA
  39. 39 ABAB goneA · fearB · dawnA · yearB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
THE wave is breaking on the shore,8···/˘···
The echo fading from the chime8·/˘/˘···
Again the shadow moveth o'er8˘/·/····
The dial-plate of time!6·/˘···
O seer-seen Angel! waiting now8···/˘/˘·
With weary feet on sea and shore,8·/˘·····
Impatient for the last dread vow8˘/˘·····
That time shall be no more!6······
Once more across thy sleepless eye8··˘/·/˘·
The semblance of a smile has passed:8·/˘·····
The year departing leaves more nigh8··˘/˘···
Time's fearfullest and last.6·/˘˘··
Oh, in that dying year hath been8···/˘···
The sum of all since time began;8······˘/
The birth and death, the joy and pain,8········
Of Nature and of Man.6·/˘···
Spring, with her change of sun and shower,9·······/˘
And streams released from Winter's chain,8··˘/·/˘·
And bursting bud, and opening flower,8·/˘··/˘/
And greenly growing grain;6·/˘/˘·
And Summer's shade, and sunshine warm,8·/˘··/··
And rainbows o'er her hill-tops bowed,8·/······
And voices in her rising storm;8·/˘··/˘·
God speaking from His cloud!6·/˘···
And Autumn's fruits and clustering sheaves,8·/˘··/˘·
And soft, warm days of golden light,8·····/˘·
The glory of her forest leaves,8·/˘··/˘·
And harvest-moon at night;6·/˘···
And Winter with her leafless grove,8·/˘··/˘·
And prisoned stream, and drifting snow,8·/˘··/˘·
The brilliance of her heaven above8·/˘··/··
And of her earth below;6······
And man, in whom an angel's mind8·····/˘·
With earth's low instincts finds abode,8···/˘·˘/
The highest of the links which bind8·/˘·····
Brute nature to her God;6·/˘···
His infant eye bath seen the light,8·/˘·····
His childhood's merriest laughter rung,8·/·/˘/˘·
And active sports to manlier might8·/˘·····
The nerves of boyhood strung!6···/··
And quiet love, and passion's fires,9·/˘··/˘/˘
Have soothed or burned in manhood's breast,8·····/··
And lofty aims and low desires9·/˘···˘/˘
By turns disturbed his rest.7··˘/˘··
The wailing of the newly-born8·/˘··/˘·
Has mingled with the funeral knell;8·/˘··/˘·
And o'er the dying's ear has gone8···/˘···
The merry marriage-bell.6·/˘/˘·
And Wealth has filled his halls with mirth,8········
While Want, in many a humble shed,8···/·/˘·
Toiled, shivering by her cheerless hearth,8·/˘··/˘·
The live-long night for bread.6······
And worse than all, the human slave,8·····/˘·
The sport of lust, and pride, and scorn!8········
Plucked off the crown his Maker gave,8·····/˘·
His regal manhood gone!6·/˘/··
Oh, still, my country! o'er thy plains,8···/˘···
Blackened with slavery's blight and ban,8/˘·/˘···
That human chattel drags his chains,8·/˘/˘···
An uncreated man!5·····
And still, where'er to sun and breeze,9··˘˘/····
My country, is thy flag unrolled,8·/˘·····
With scorn, the gazing stranger sees8···/˘/˘·
A stain on every fold.7···/˘˘·
Oh, tear the gorgeous emblem down!8···/˘/˘·
It gathers scorn from every eye,8·/˘··/˘·
And despots smile and good men frown8·/˘·····
Whene'er it passes by.7····/˘·
Shame! shame! its starry splendors glow8···/˘/˘·
Above the slaver's loathsome jail;8·····/˘·
Its folds are ruffling even now8···/˘˘/·
His crimson flag of sale.6·/˘···
Still round our country's proudest hall8··//˘/˘·
The trade in human flesh is driven,9···/˘··/˘
And at each careless hammer-fall8···/˘/˘·
A human heart is riven.7·/˘··/˘
And this, too, sanctioned by the men8···/˘···
Vested with power to shield the right,8/˘·/····
And throw each vile and robber den8·····/˘·
Wide open to the light.6·/˘···
Yet, shame upon them! there they sit,8········
Men of the North, subdued and still;8····˘/··
Meek, pliant poltroons, only fit8·/˘··/˘·
To work a master's will.6···/˘·
Sold, bargained off for Southern votes,8·/˘··/˘·
A passive herd of Northern mules,8·/˘··/˘·
Just braying through their purchased throats8·/˘··/˘·
Whate'er their owner rules.7˘˘/·/˘·
And he, (2) the basest of the base,8········
The vilest of the vile, whose name,8········
Embalmed in infinite disgrace,8˘/·/˘˘˘/
Is deathless in its shame!6·/˘···
A tool, to bolt the people's door8·····/˘·
Against the people clamoring there,8···/˘/˘·
An ass, to trample on their floor8···/˘···
A people's right of prayer!6·/˘···
Nailed to his self-made gibbet fast,8·····/˘·
Self-pilloried to the public view,8·/˘··/˘·
A mark for every passing blast8···/˘/˘·
Of scorn to whistle through;6···/˘·
There let him hang, and hear the boast8········
Of Southrons o'er their pliant tool,--8·····/˘·
A new Stylites on his post,7··˘/···
"Sacred to ridicule!"7/˘˘·/˘·
Look we at home! our noble hall,8····//˘·
To Freedom's holy purpose given,9·/˘/˘/˘/˘
Now rears its black and ruined wall,8·····/˘·
Beneath the wintry heaven,7···/˘/˘
Telling the story of its doom,8/˘·/˘···
The fiendish mob, the prostrate law,8·/˘··/˘·
The fiery jet through midnight's gloom,8·/˘··/··
Our gazing thousands saw.7/˘/˘/˘·
Look to our State! the poor man's right8··/·····
Torn from him: and the sons of those8········
Whose blood in Freedom's sternest fight8···/˘/˘·
Sprinkled the Jersey snows,7/˘˘·/˘·
Outlawed within the land of Penn,8/·······
That Slavery's guilty fears might cease,8·/˘/˘···
And those whom God created men8····˘/˘·
Toil on as brutes in peace.6······
Yet o'er the blackness of the storm8···/˘···
A bow of promise bends on high,8···/˘···
And gleams of sunshine, soft and warm,8···/····
Break through our clouded sky.7··/˘/˘·
East, West, and North, the shout is heard,8········
Of freemen rising for the right8·/˘/˘···
Each valley hath its rallying word,8·/˘··/˘·
Each hill its signal light.6···/˘·
O'er Massachusetts' rocks of gray,8··˘/˘···
The strengthening light of freedom shines,8·/˘··/˘·
Rhode Island's Narragansett Bay,8·/˘·˘/˘·
And Vermont's snow-hung pines!6·˘/···
From Hudson's frowning palisades8·/˘/˘·˘/
To Alleghany's laurelled crest,8·/˘·˘/˘·
O'er lakes and prairies, streams and glades,8···/˘···
It shines upon the West.6······
Speed on the light to those who dwell8········
In Slavery's land of woe and sin,8·/˘·····
And through the blackness of that bell,8···/˘···
Let Heaven's own light break in.7·/˘····
So shall the Southern conscience quake8···/˘/˘·
Before that light poured full and strong,8········
So shall the Southern heart awake8···/˘·˘/
To all the bondman's wrong.6······
And from that rich and sunny land8·····/˘·
The song of grateful millions rise,8···/˘/˘·
Like that of Israel's ransomed band8···/˘/˘·
Beneath Arabia's skies:7··˘/˘˘·
And all who now are bound beneath8········
Our banner's shade, our eagle's wing,8//˘·//˘·
From Slavery's night of moral death8·/˘··/˘·
To light and life shall spring.6······
Broken the bondman's chain, and gone8/˘······
The master's guilt, and hate, and fear,8·/˘·····
And unto both alike shall dawn8····˘/··
A New and Happy Year.6···/˘·

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