A Sabbath Scene
SCARCE had the solemn Sabbath-bellCeased quivering in the steeple,Scarce had the parson to his deskWalked stately through his people,When down the summer-shaded streetA wasted female figure,With dusky brow and naked feet,
Came rushing wild and eager.She saw the white spire through the trees,She heard the sweet hymn swellingO pitying Christ! a refuge giveThat poor one in Thy dwelling!
Like a scared fawn before the hounds,Right up the aisle she glided,While close behind her, whip in hand,A lank-haired hunter strided.
She raised a keen and bitter cry,To Heaven and Earth appealing;Were manhood's generous pulses dead?Had woman's heart no feeling?
A score of stout hands rose betweenThe hunter and the flying:Age clenched his staff, and maiden eyesFlashed tearful, yet defying.
"Who dares profane this house and day?"Cried out the angry pastor."Why, bless your soul, the wench's a slave,And I'm her lord and master!
"I've law and gospel on my side,And who shall dare refuse me?"Down came the parson, bowing low,"My good sir, pray excuse me!
"Of course I know your right divineTo own and work and whip her;Quick, deacon, throw that PolyglottBefore the wench, and trip her!"
Plump dropped the holy tome, and o'erIts sacred pages stumbling,Bound hand and foot, a slave once more,The hapless wretch lay trembling.
I saw the parson tie the knots,The while his flock addressing,The Scriptural claims of slaveryWith text on text impressing.
"Although," said he, "on Sabbath dayAll secular occupationsAre deadly sins, we must fulfilOur moral obligations:
"And this commends itself as oneTo every conscience tender;As Paul sent back Onesimus,My Christian friends, we send her!"
Shriek rose on shriek,--the Sabbath airHer wild cries tore asunder;I listened, with hushed breath, to hearGod answering with his thunder!
All still! the very altar's clothHad smothered down her shrieking,And, dumb, she turned from face to face,For human pity seeking!
I saw her dragged along the aisle,Her shackles harshly clanking;I heard the parson, over all,The Lord devoutly thanking!
My brain took fire: "Is this," I cried,"The end of prayer and preaching?Then down with pulpit, down with priest,And give us Nature's teaching!
"Foul shame and scorn be on ye allWho turn the good to evil,And steal the Bible, from the Lord,To give it to the Devil!
"Than garbled text or parchment lawI own a statute higher;And God is true, though every bookAnd every man's a liar!"
Just then I felt the deacon's handIn wrath my coattail seize on;I heard the priest cry, "Infidel!"The lawyer mutter, "Treason!"
I started up,--where now were church,Slave, master, priest, and people?I only heard the supper-bell,Instead of clanging steeple.
But, on the open window's sill,O'er which the white blooms drifted,The pages of a good old BookThe wind of summer lifted,
And flower and vine, like angel wingsAround the Holy Mother,Waved softly there, as if God's truthAnd Mercy kissed each other.
And freely from the cherry-boughAbove the casement swinging,With golden bosom to the sun,The oriole was singing.
As bird and flower made plain of oldThe lesson of the Teacher,So now I heard the written WordInterpreted by Nature.
For to my ear methought the breezeBore Freedom's blessed word on;Thus saith the Lord: Break every yoke,Undo the heavy burden
Words in this poem 16
- scarce a.
- Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
- pitying a.
- Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word.
- appealing a.
- That appeals; imploring.
- generous a.
- Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
- tearful a.
- Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as, tearful eyes.
- angry a.
- Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- polyglott a.
- Containing, or made up, of, several languages; as, a polyglot lexicon, Bible. [Gr. polyglotte.]
- hapless a.
- Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid.
- conscience n.
- Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire to know. See Science.]
- tore n.
- The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
- devoutly adv.
- In a devout and reverent manner; with devout emotions; piously.
- liar n.
- A person who knowingly utters falsehood; one who lies. [OE. liere. See Lie to falsify.]
- infidel a.
- Not holding the faith; -- applied esp. to one who does not believe in the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the supernatural origin of Christianity. [L. infidelis; pref. in- not + fidelis faithful, fr. fides faith: cf. F. infidèle. See Fidelity.]
- casement n.
- A window sash opening on hinges affixed to the upright side of the frame into which it is fitted. (Poetically) A window. [Shortened fr. encasement. See Incase 1st Case, and cf. Incasement.]
- saith
- 3d pers. sing. pres. of Say.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
A Sabbath Scene is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, A Sabbath Scene, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/a-sabbath-scene.html, id L24887.
Form and metre
A Sabbath Scene is 104 lines in 25 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%).
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AA-AB-B bellA · steepleA · desk · peopleA · streetB · figure · feetB
- 2 --A-A eager · trees · swellingA · give · dwellingA
- 3 -A-A hounds · glidedA · hand · stridedA
- 4 -A-A cry · appealingA · dead · feelingA
- 5 -A-A between · flyingA · eyes · defyingA
- 6 -A-A day · pastorA · slave · masterA
- 7 -A-A side · meA · low · meA
- 8 -A-A divine · herA · polyglott · herA
- 10 -A-A knots · addressingA · slavery · impressingA
- 11 -A-A day · occupationsA · fulfil · obligationsA
- 13 ABAB airA · asunderB · hearA · thunderB
- 14 -A-A cloth · shriekingA · face · seekingA
- 15 -A-A aisle · clankingA · all · thankingA
- 16 -A-A cried · preachingA · priest · teachingA
- 17 AA-A allA · evilA · lord · devilA
- 18 -A-A law · higherA · book · liarA
- 19 -A-A hand · onA · infidel · treasonA
- 20 -AAA church · peopleA · bellA · steepleA
- 21 -A-A sill · driftedA · book · liftedA
- 22 -A-A wings · motherA · truth · otherA
- 23 -A-A bough · swingingA · sun · singingA
- 25 -A-A breeze · onA · yoke · burdenA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| SCARCE had the solemn Sabbath-bell | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Ceased quivering in the steeple, | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| Scarce had the parson to his desk | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Walked stately through his people, | 8 | ·˘/˘··/˘ |
| When down the summer-shaded street | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| A wasted female figure, | 7 | ·/˘/·/˘ |
| With dusky brow and naked feet, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Came rushing wild and eager. | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| She saw the white spire through the trees, | 8 | ········ |
| She heard the sweet hymn swelling | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| O pitying Christ! a refuge give | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| That poor one in Thy dwelling! | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Like a scared fawn before the hounds, | 8 | ········ |
| Right up the aisle she glided, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| While close behind her, whip in hand, | 8 | ········ |
| A lank-haired hunter strided. | 8 | ···˘/˘/˘ |
| She raised a keen and bitter cry, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| To Heaven and Earth appealing; | 8 | ·/˘··˘/˘ |
| Were manhood's generous pulses dead? | 8 | ·/·/˘/˘· |
| Had woman's heart no feeling? | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| A score of stout hands rose between | 8 | ········ |
| The hunter and the flying: | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| Age clenched his staff, and maiden eyes | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Flashed tearful, yet defying. | 8 | ·˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| "Who dares profane this house and day?" | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| Cried out the angry pastor. | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| "Why, bless your soul, the wench's a slave, | 8 | ········ |
| And I'm her lord and master! | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| "I've law and gospel on my side, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And who shall dare refuse me?" | 7 | ····˘/· |
| Down came the parson, bowing low, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| "My good sir, pray excuse me! | 7 | ····˘/· |
| "Of course I know your right divine | 8 | ······˘/ |
| To own and work and whip her; | 7 | ······· |
| Quick, deacon, throw that Polyglott | 8 | ·/˘··/˘˘ |
| Before the wench, and trip her!" | 7 | ······· |
| Plump dropped the holy tome, and o'er | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Its sacred pages stumbling, | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Bound hand and foot, a slave once more, | 8 | ········ |
| The hapless wretch lay trembling. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘˘ |
| I saw the parson tie the knots, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The while his flock addressing, | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| The Scriptural claims of slavery | 9 | ·/˘˘··/˘˘ |
| With text on text impressing. | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| "Although," said he, "on Sabbath day | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| All secular occupations | 8 | ·/˘˘·˘/˘ |
| Are deadly sins, we must fulfil | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Our moral obligations: | 8 | /˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| "And this commends itself as one | 8 | ··˘/˘/·· |
| To every conscience tender; | 8 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘ |
| As Paul sent back Onesimus, | 8 | ········ |
| My Christian friends, we send her!" | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| Shriek rose on shriek,--the Sabbath air | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Her wild cries tore asunder; | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| I listened, with hushed breath, to hear | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| God answering with his thunder! | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| All still! the very altar's cloth | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Had smothered down her shrieking, | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| And, dumb, she turned from face to face, | 8 | ········ |
| For human pity seeking! | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| I saw her dragged along the aisle, | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| Her shackles harshly clanking; | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| I heard the parson, over all, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The Lord devoutly thanking! | 7 | ··˘/˘/˘ |
| My brain took fire: "Is this," I cried, | 8 | ···/···· |
| "The end of prayer and preaching? | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Then down with pulpit, down with priest, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And give us Nature's teaching! | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| "Foul shame and scorn be on ye all | 8 | ········ |
| Who turn the good to evil, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And steal the Bible, from the Lord, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| To give it to the Devil! | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| "Than garbled text or parchment law | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| I own a statute higher; | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| And God is true, though every book | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And every man's a liar!" | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| Just then I felt the deacon's hand | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| In wrath my coattail seize on; | 7 | ···/··· |
| I heard the priest cry, "Infidel!" | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The lawyer mutter, "Treason!" | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| I started up,--where now were church, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Slave, master, priest, and people? | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| I only heard the supper-bell, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Instead of clanging steeple. | 7 | ˘/·/˘/˘ |
| But, on the open window's sill, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| O'er which the white blooms drifted, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| The pages of a good old Book | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| The wind of summer lifted, | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| And flower and vine, like angel wings | 8 | ·/···/˘· |
| Around the Holy Mother, | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| Waved softly there, as if God's truth | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And Mercy kissed each other. | 8 | ·/˘·˘·/˘ |
| And freely from the cherry-bough | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Above the casement swinging, | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| With golden bosom to the sun, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| The oriole was singing. | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| As bird and flower made plain of old | 8 | ···/···· |
| The lesson of the Teacher, | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| So now I heard the written Word | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Interpreted by Nature. | 7 | ˘/˘˘·/˘ |
| For to my ear methought the breeze | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| Bore Freedom's blessed word on; | 7 | ·/˘·˘·· |
| Thus saith the Lord: Break every yoke, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Undo the heavy burden | 7 | ˘/·/˘/˘ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.