The Logicians Refuted
Logicians have but ill definedAs rational, the human kind;Reason, they say, belongs to man,But let them prove it if they can.Wise Aristotle and Smiglesius,By ratiocinations specious,Have strove to prove, with great precision,With definition and division,Homo est ratione praeditum;But for my soul I cannot credit 'em,And must, in spite of them, maintain,That man and all his ways are vain;And that this boasted lord of natureIs both a weak and erring creature;That instinct is a surer guideThan reason, boasting mortals' pride;And that brute beasts are far before 'em.Deus est anima brutorum.Whoever knew an honest bruteAt law his neighbour prosecute,Bring action for assault or battery,Or friend beguile with lies and flattery?O'er plains they ramble unconfined,No politics disturb their mind;They eat their meals, and take their sportNor know who's in or out at court.They never to the levee goTo treat, as dearest friend, a foe:They never importune his grace,Nor ever cringe to men in place:Nor undertake a dirty job,Nor draw the quill to write for Bob.Fraught with invective, they ne'er goTo folks at Paternoster Row.No judges, fiddlers, dancing-masters,No pickpockets, or poetasters,Are known to honest quadrupeds;No single brute his fellow leads.Brutes never meet in bloody fray,Nor cut each other's throats for pay.Of beasts, it is confess'd, the apeComes nearest us in human shape;Like man, he imitates each fashion,And malice is his lurking passion:But, both in malice and grimaces,A courtier any ape surpasses.Behold him, humbly cringing, waitUpon the minister of state;View him soon after to inferiorsAping the conduct of superiors;He promises with equal air,And to perform takes equal care.He in his turn finds imitators,At court, the porters, lacqueys, waiters,Their masters' manner still contract,And footmen, lords and dukes can act.Thus, at the court, both great and smallBehave alike, for all ape all.
Words in this poem
- whoever pron.
- Whatever person; any person who; be or she who; any one who; as, he shall be punished, whoever he may be.
- neighbour v. i.
- To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near.
- levee n.
- The act of rising. [F. lever, fr. lever to raise, se lever to rise. See Lever, n.]
- importune a.
- Inopportune; unseasonable. [F. importun, L. importunus; pref. im- not + a derivative from the root of portus harbor, importunus therefore orig. meaning, hard of access. See Port harbor, an]
- fraught n.
- A freight; a cargo. [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf.]
- folks n.
- In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
- paternoster n.
- The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version. [L., Our Father.]
- courtier n.
- One who is in attendance at the court of a prince; one who has an appointment at court. [From Court.]
- humbly adv.
- With humility; lowly.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Logicians Refuted is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of Jonathan Swift, D.D., Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #14353; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Jonathan Swift, The Logicians Refuted, in On Poetry: A Rhapsody, and Other Poems (1727), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #14353, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/swift-poems-vol1/the-logicians-refuted.html, id L24540.
Form and metre
The Logicians Refuted is 58 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 83% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).
See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABB--BB--BB--CC--DDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPP--QQRRSSTTUUVV definedA · kindA · manB · canB · smiglesius · specious · precisionB · divisionB · praeditum · em · maintainB · vainB · nature · creature · guideC · prideC · em · brutorum · bruteD · prosecuteD · batteryE · flatteryE · unconfinedF · mindF · sportG · courtG · goH · foeH · graceI · placeI · jobJ · bobJ · goK · rowK · mastersL · poetastersL · quadrupedsM · leadsM · frayN · payN · apeO · shapeO · fashionP · passionP · grimaces · surpasses · waitQ · stateQ · inferiorsR · superiorsR · airS · careS · imitatorsT · waitersT · contractU · actU · smallV · allV
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Logicians have but ill defined | 8 | ˘/˘···˘/ |
| As rational, the human kind; | 8 | ·/˘˘·/˘· |
| Reason, they say, belongs to man, | 8 | /˘··˘/·· |
| But let them prove it if they can. | 8 | ········ |
| Wise Aristotle and Smiglesius, | 9 | ·/˘·˘···· |
| By ratiocinations specious, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| Have strove to prove, with great precision, | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| With definition and division, | 9 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| Homo est ratione praeditum; | 9 | /˘˘/····· |
| But for my soul I cannot credit 'em, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And must, in spite of them, maintain, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| That man and all his ways are vain; | 8 | ········ |
| And that this boasted lord of nature | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| Is both a weak and erring creature; | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| That instinct is a surer guide | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Than reason, boasting mortals' pride; | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘· |
| And that brute beasts are far before 'em. | 9 | ········· |
| Deus est anima brutorum. | 9 | ·˘/······ |
| Whoever knew an honest brute | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| At law his neighbour prosecute, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Bring action for assault or battery, | 9 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘ |
| Or friend beguile with lies and flattery? | 9 | ··˘/···/˘ |
| O'er plains they ramble unconfined, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| No politics disturb their mind; | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| They eat their meals, and take their sport | 8 | ········ |
| Nor know who's in or out at court. | 8 | ········ |
| They never to the levee go | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| To treat, as dearest friend, a foe: | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| They never importune his grace, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Nor ever cringe to men in place: | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Nor undertake a dirty job, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Nor draw the quill to write for Bob. | 8 | ········ |
| Fraught with invective, they ne'er go | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| To folks at Paternoster Row. | 7 | ···/˘˘· |
| No judges, fiddlers, dancing-masters, | 9 | ·/˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| No pickpockets, or poetasters, | 8 | ·/·˘···· |
| Are known to honest quadrupeds; | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| No single brute his fellow leads. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Brutes never meet in bloody fray, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Nor cut each other's throats for pay. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Of beasts, it is confess'd, the ape | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| Comes nearest us in human shape; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Like man, he imitates each fashion, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| And malice is his lurking passion: | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| But, both in malice and grimaces, | 9 | ···/˘·/˘˘ |
| A courtier any ape surpasses. | 9 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| Behold him, humbly cringing, wait | 8 | ˘/·/˘/˘· |
| Upon the minister of state; | 8 | ···/˘˘·· |
| View him soon after to inferiors | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| Aping the conduct of superiors; | 9 | /˘·/˘·˘/˘ |
| He promises with equal air, | 8 | ·/˘˘·/˘· |
| And to perform takes equal care. | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| He in his turn finds imitators, | 9 | ·····/˘·˘ |
| At court, the porters, lacqueys, waiters, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| Their masters' manner still contract, | 8 | ·/˘/˘·˘/ |
| And footmen, lords and dukes can act. | 8 | ········ |
| Thus, at the court, both great and small | 8 | ········ |
| Behave alike, for all ape all. | 8 | ˘/˘/···· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.