Part IV: Sin
Lo. Peter in Hell's Grosvenor Square,A footman in the Devil's service!And the misjudging world would swearThat every man in service thereTo virtue would prefer vice.
But Peter, though now damned, was notWhat Peter was before damnation.Men oftentimes prepare a lotWhich ere it finds them, is not whatSuits with their genuine station.
All things that Peter saw and feltHad a peculiar aspect to him;And when they came within the beltOf his own nature, seemed to melt,Like cloud to cloud, into him.
And so the outward world unitingTo that within him, he becameConsiderably uninvitingTo those who, meditation slighting,Were moulded in a different frame.
And he scorned them, and they scorned him;And he scorned all they did; and theyDid all that men of their own trimAre wont to do to please their whim,Drinking, lying, swearing, play.
Such were his fellow-servants; thusHis virtue, like our own, was builtToo much on that indignant fussHypocrite Pride stirs up in usTo bully one another's guilt.
He had a mind which was somehowAt once circumference and centreOf all he might or feel or know;Nothing went ever out, althoughSomething did ever enter.
He had as much imaginationAs a pint-pot;--he never couldFancy another situation,From which to dart his contemplation,Than that wherein he stood.
Yet his was individual mind,And new created all he sawIn a new manner, and refinedThose new creations, and combinedThem, by a master-spirit's law.
Thus--though unimaginative--An apprehension clear, intense,Of his mind's work, had made aliveThe things it wrought on; I believeWakening a sort of thought in sense.
But from the first 'twas Peter's driftTo be a kind of moral eunuch,He touched the hem of Nature's shift,Felt faint--and never dared upliftThe closest, all-concealing tunic.
She laughed the while, with an arch smile,And kissed him with a sister's kiss,And said--My best Diogenes,I love you well--but, if you please,Tempt not again my deepest bliss.
''Tis you are cold--for I, not coy,Yield love for love, frank, warm, and true;And Burns, a Scottish peasant boy--His errors prove it--knew my joyMore, learned friend, than you.
'Boeca bacciata non perde ventura,Anzi rinnuova come fa la luna:--So thought Boccaccio, whose sweet words might cure aMale prude, like you, from what you now endure, aLow-tide in soul, like a stagnant laguna.
Then Peter rubbed his eyes severe.And smoothed his spacious forehead downWith his broad palm;--'twixt love and fear,He looked, as he no doubt felt, queer,And in his dream sate down.
The Devil was no uncommon creature;A leaden-witted thief--just huddledOut of the dross and scum of nature;A toad-like lump of limb and feature,With mind, and heart, and fancy muddled.
He was that heavy, dull, cold thing,The spirit of evil well may be:A drone too base to have a sting;Who gluts, and grimes his lazy wing,And calls lust, luxury.
Now he was quite the kind of wightRound whom collect, at a fixed aera,Venison, turtle, hock, and claret,--Good cheer--and those who come to share it--And best East Indian madeira!
It was his fancy to inviteMen of science, wit, and learning,Who came to lend each other light;He proudly thought that his gold's mightHad set those spirits burning.
And men of learning, science, wit,Considered him as you and IThink of some rotten tree, and sitLounging and dining under it,Exposed to the wide sky.
And all the while with loose fat smile,The willing wretch sat winking there,Believing 'twas his power that madeThat jovial scene--and that all paidHomage to his unnoticed chair.
Though to be sure this place was Hell;He was the Devil--and all they--What though the claret circled well,And wit, like ocean, rose and fell?--Were damned eternally.
Words in this poem 20
- damned a.
- Sentenced to punishment in a future state; condemned; consigned to perdition.
- damnation n.
- The state of being damned; condemnation; openly expressed disapprobation. [F. damnation, L. damnatio, fr. damnare. See Damn.]
- oftentimes adv.
- Frequently; often; many times. [Often + time. Cf. -wards.]
- slighting a.
- Characterized by neglect or disregard.
- indignant a.
- Affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath, as when a person is exasperated by unworthy or unjust treatment, by a mean action, or by a degrading accusation. [L. indignans, -antis, p. pr. of indignari to be indignant, disdain. See Indign.]
- fuss n.
- A tumult; a bustle; unnecessary or annoying ado about trifles. [Cf. Fusome.]
- somehow adv.
- In one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated; by some means; as, the thing must be done somehow; he lives somehow.
- centre v. i.
- To be placed in a center; to be central.
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- wakening n.
- The act of one who wakens; esp., the act of ceasing to sleep; an awakening.
- uplift v. t.
- To lift or raise aloft; to raise; to elevate; as, to uplift the arm; to uplift a rock.
- prude n.
- A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in conduct and speech. [F., prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened from OF. prudefeme, preudefeme, a discreet or excellent woman; OF. preu, prou, excellent, brave + de of + f]
- sate v. t.
- To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
- lust v. i.
- To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
- wight n.
- A whit; a bit; a jot. [OE. wight, wiht, a wight, a whit, AS. wiht, wuht, a creature, a thing; skin to D. wicht a child, OS. & OHG. wiht a creature, thing, G. wicht a creature, Icel. v]
- venison n.
- Beasts of the chase. Fabyan. [OE. veneison, veneson, venison, OF. veneison, F. venaison, L. venatio hunting, the chase, game, fr. venari, p. p. venatus, to hunt; perhaps akin to OHG. weidin,]
- claret n.
- The name firat given in England to the red wines of M [OE. claret, clare, clarry, OF. claret, clar, fr. cler, F. clair, clear, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.]
- jovial a.
- Of or pertaining to the god, or the planet, Jupiter. [F., fr. L. Jovialis pertaining to Jove. The planet Jupiter was thought to make those born under it joyful or jovial. See Jove.]
- circled a.
- Having the form of a circle; round.
- eternally adv.
- In an eternal manner.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Part IV: Sin is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley — Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #4797; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Percy Bysshe Shelley, Part IV: Sin, in Alastor, and Other Poems (1813–1820), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4797, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/shelley-poems/part-iv-sin.html, id L00259.
Form and metre
Part IV: Sin is 110 lines in 22 stanzas of 5 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABAAB, complete in 17 of its 22 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 90% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.4 syllables. 32 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 36% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABAAB squareA · serviceB · swearA · thereA · viceB
- 2 ABAAB notA · damnationB · lotA · whatA · stationB
- 3 ABAAB feltA · himB · beltA · meltA · himB
- 4 ABAAB unitingA · becameB · uninvitingA · slightingA · frameB
- 5 ABAAB himA · theyB · trimA · whimA · playB
- 6 ABAAB thusA · builtB · fussA · usA · guiltB
- 7 -ABBA somehow · centreA · knowB · althoughB · enterA
- 8 ABAAB imaginationA · couldB · situationA · contemplationA · stoodB
- 9 ABAAB mindA · sawB · refinedA · combinedA · lawB
- 10 ABAAB unimaginativeA · intenseB · aliveA · believeA · senseB
- 11 ABAAB driftA · eunuchB · shiftA · upliftA · tunicB
- 12 -A--A smile · kissA · diogenes · please · blissA
- 13 ABAAB coyA · trueB · boyA · joyA · youB
- 14 ABAAB venturaA · lunaB · aA · aA · lagunaB
- 15 ABAAB severeA · downB · fearA · queerA · downB
- 16 ABAAB creatureA · huddledB · natureA · featureA · muddledB
- 17 ABAAB thingA · beB · stingA · wingA · luxuryB
- 19 ABAAB inviteA · learningB · lightA · mightA · burningB
- 20 ABAAB witA · iB · sitA · itA · skyB
- 21 -ABBA smile · thereA · madeB · paidB · chairA
- 22 A-AA- hellA · they · wellA · fellA · eternally
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Lo. Peter in Hell's Grosvenor Square, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| A footman in the Devil's service! | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| And the misjudging world would swear | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| That every man in service there | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| To virtue would prefer vice. | 7 | ·/˘·˘/· |
| But Peter, though now damned, was not | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| What Peter was before damnation. | 9 | ·/˘···˘/˘ |
| Men oftentimes prepare a lot | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| Which ere it finds them, is not what | 8 | ········ |
| Suits with their genuine station. | 8 | ···//·/˘ |
| All things that Peter saw and felt | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Had a peculiar aspect to him; | 9 | ··˘/˘/··· |
| And when they came within the belt | 8 | ········ |
| Of his own nature, seemed to melt, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Like cloud to cloud, into him. | 7 | ······· |
| And so the outward world uniting | 9 | ···/˘·˘/˘ |
| To that within him, he became | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Considerably uninviting | 9 | ˘/˘˘˘·˘/˘ |
| To those who, meditation slighting, | 9 | ····˘/˘/˘ |
| Were moulded in a different frame. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And he scorned them, and they scorned him; | 8 | ········ |
| And he scorned all they did; and they | 8 | ········ |
| Did all that men of their own trim | 8 | ········ |
| Are wont to do to please their whim, | 8 | ········ |
| Drinking, lying, swearing, play. | 7 | /˘/˘/˘· |
| Such were his fellow-servants; thus | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| His virtue, like our own, was built | 8 | ·/˘·/··· |
| Too much on that indignant fuss | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Hypocrite Pride stirs up in us | 8 | /˘······ |
| To bully one another's guilt. | 8 | ·/˘·˘/˘· |
| He had a mind which was somehow | 8 | ······/· |
| At once circumference and centre | 8 | ··˘/˘·/˘ |
| Of all he might or feel or know; | 8 | ········ |
| Nothing went ever out, although | 8 | /˘·/˘··· |
| Something did ever enter. | 7 | /˘·/˘/˘ |
| He had as much imagination | 9 | ····˘·˘/˘ |
| As a pint-pot;--he never could | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Fancy another situation, | 9 | /˘˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| From which to dart his contemplation, | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| Than that wherein he stood. | 6 | ······ |
| Yet his was individual mind, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| And new created all he saw | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| In a new manner, and refined | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Those new creations, and combined | 8 | ··˘/˘·˘/ |
| Them, by a master-spirit's law. | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Thus--though unimaginative-- | 8 | ··˘˘/·˘˘ |
| An apprehension clear, intense, | 8 | ··˘/˘·˘/ |
| Of his mind's work, had made alive | 8 | ······˘/ |
| The things it wrought on; I believe | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Wakening a sort of thought in sense. | 8 | /˘······ |
| But from the first 'twas Peter's drift | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| To be a kind of moral eunuch, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| He touched the hem of Nature's shift, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Felt faint--and never dared uplift | 8 | ···/˘·/˘ |
| The closest, all-concealing tunic. | 9 | ·/˘·˘/˘/˘ |
| She laughed the while, with an arch smile, | 8 | ········ |
| And kissed him with a sister's kiss, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And said--My best Diogenes, | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| I love you well--but, if you please, | 8 | ········ |
| Tempt not again my deepest bliss. | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| ''Tis you are cold--for I, not coy, | 8 | ········ |
| Yield love for love, frank, warm, and true; | 8 | ········ |
| And Burns, a Scottish peasant boy-- | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| His errors prove it--knew my joy | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| More, learned friend, than you. | 5 | ····· |
| 'Boeca bacciata non perde ventura, | 10 | ·······˘/˘ |
| Anzi rinnuova come fa la luna:-- | 10 | ········/˘ |
| So thought Boccaccio, whose sweet words might cure a | 11 | ··········· |
| Male prude, like you, from what you now endure, a | 11 | ········˘/· |
| Low-tide in soul, like a stagnant laguna. | 11 | ······/˘˘/˘ |
| Then Peter rubbed his eyes severe. | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| And smoothed his spacious forehead down | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| With his broad palm;--'twixt love and fear, | 8 | ········ |
| He looked, as he no doubt felt, queer, | 8 | ········ |
| And in his dream sate down. | 6 | ······ |
| The Devil was no uncommon creature; | 9 | ·/··˘/˘/˘ |
| A leaden-witted thief--just huddled | 9 | ·/˘/˘··/˘ |
| Out of the dross and scum of nature; | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| A toad-like lump of limb and feature, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| With mind, and heart, and fancy muddled. | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| He was that heavy, dull, cold thing, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The spirit of evil well may be: | 8 | ·/·/˘··· |
| A drone too base to have a sting; | 8 | ········ |
| Who gluts, and grimes his lazy wing, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And calls lust, luxury. | 6 | ···/˘˘ |
| Now he was quite the kind of wight | 8 | ········ |
| Round whom collect, at a fixed aera, | 9 | ··˘/····· |
| Venison, turtle, hock, and claret,-- | 9 | /˘˘/˘··/˘ |
| Good cheer--and those who come to share it-- | 9 | ········· |
| And best East Indian madeira! | 9 | ···/˘˘˘/˘ |
| It was his fancy to invite | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Men of science, wit, and learning, | 8 | ··/˘··/˘ |
| Who came to lend each other light; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| He proudly thought that his gold's might | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Had set those spirits burning. | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| And men of learning, science, wit, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Considered him as you and I | 8 | ˘/˘····· |
| Think of some rotten tree, and sit | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Lounging and dining under it, | 8 | /˘·/˘··· |
| Exposed to the wide sky. | 7 | ˘/˘···· |
| And all the while with loose fat smile, | 8 | ········ |
| The willing wretch sat winking there, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Believing 'twas his power that made | 8 | ˘/˘··/·· |
| That jovial scene--and that all paid | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Homage to his unnoticed chair. | 8 | /˘··˘/˘· |
| Though to be sure this place was Hell; | 8 | ········ |
| He was the Devil--and all they-- | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| What though the claret circled well, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| And wit, like ocean, rose and fell?-- | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Were damned eternally. | 7 | ··˘˘/˘˘ |
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