Part III: Hell

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) · 1813–1820

trochaic tetrameter · 116 lines · from The Complete Poetical Works, Volume I

Hell is a city much like London--A populous and a smoky city;There are all sorts of people undone,And there is little or no fun done;Small justice shown, and still less pity.

There is a Castles, and a Canning,A Cobbett, and a Castlereagh;All sorts of caitiff corpses planningAll sorts of cozening for trepanningCorpses less corrupt than they.

There is a ***, who has lostHis wits, or sold them, none knows which;He walks about a double ghost,And though as thin as Fraud almost--Ever grows more grim and rich.

There is a Chancery Court; a King;A manufacturing mob; a setOf thieves who by themselves are sentSimilar thieves to represent;An army; and a public debt.

Which last is a scheme of paper money,And means--being interpreted--'Bees, keep your wax--give us the honey,And we will plant, while skies are sunny,Flowers, which in winter serve instead.'

There is a great talk of revolution--And a great chance of despotism--German soldiers--camps--confusion--Tumults--lotteries--rage--delusion--Gin--suicide--and methodism;

Taxes too, on wine and bread,And meat, and beer, and tea, and cheese,From which those patriots pure are fed,Who gorge before they reel to bedThe tenfold essence of all these.

There are mincing women, mewing,(Like cats, who amant misere,)Of their own virtue, and pursuingTheir gentler sisters to that ruin,Without which--what were chastity?

Lawyers--judges--old hobnobbersAre there--bailiffs--chancellors--Bishops--great and little robbers--Rhymesters--pamphleteers--stock-jobbers--Men of glory in the wars,--

Things whose trade is, over ladiesTo lean, and flirt, and stare, and simper,Till all that is divine in womanGrows cruel, courteous, smooth, inhuman,Crucified 'twixt a smile and whimper.

Thrusting, toiling, wailing, moiling,Frowning, preaching--such a riot!Each with never-ceasing labour,Whilst he thinks he cheats his neighbour,Cheating his own heart of quiet.

And all these meet at levees;--Dinners convivial and political;--Suppers of epic poets;--teas,Where small talk dies in agonies;--Breakfasts professional and critical;

Lunches and snacks so aldermanicThat one would furnish forth ten dinners,Where reigns a Cretan-tongued panic,Lest news Russ, Dutch, or AlemannicShould make some losers, and some winners--

At conversazioni--balls--Conventicles--and drawing-rooms--Courts of law--committees--callsOf a morning--clubs--book-stalls--Churches--masquerades--and tombs.

And this is Hell--and in this smotherAll are damnable and damned;Each one damning, damns the other;They are damned by one another,By none other are they damned.

'Tis a lie to say, 'God damns'!Where was Heaven's Attorney GeneralWhen they first gave out such flams?Let there be an end of shams,They are mines of poisonous mineral.

Statesmen damn themselves to beCursed; and lawyers damn their soulsTo the auction of a fee;Churchmen damn themselves to seeGod's sweet love in burning coals.

The rich are damned, beyond all cure,To taunt, and starve, and trample onThe weak and wretched; and the poorDamn their broken hearts to endureStripe on stripe, with groan on groan.

Sometimes the poor are damned indeedTo take,--not means for being blessed,--But Cobbett's snuff, revenge; that weedFrom which the worms that it doth feedSqueeze less than they before possessed.

And some few, like we know who,Damned--but God alone knows why--To believe their minds are givenTo make this ugly Hell a Heaven;In which faith they live and die.

Thus, as in a town, plague-stricken,Each man be he sound or noMust indifferently sicken;As when day begins to thicken,None knows a pigeon from a crow,--

So good and bad, sane and mad,The oppressor and the oppressed;Those who weep to see what othersSmile to inflict upon their brothers;Lovers, haters, worst and best;

All are damned--they breathe an air,Thick, infected, joy-dispelling:Each pursues what seems most fair,Mining like moles, through mind, and thereScoop palace-caverns vast, where CareIn throned state is ever dwelling.

Words in this poem 24
populous a.
Abounding in people; full of inhabitants; containing many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country. [L. populosus, fr. populus people: cf. F. populeux.]
undone a.
Not done or performed; neglected. [Pref. un- not + done.]
caitiff a.
Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [OE. caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF. caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F. chétif, fr. L. captivus captive, fr. capere to take, akin to E. heave.]
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
methodism n.
The system of doctrines, polity, and worship, of the sect called Methodists. Bp. Warburton.
mincing a.
That minces; characterized by primness or affected nicety.
simper v. i.
To smile in a silly, affected, or conceited manner. [Cf. Norw. semper fine, smart, dial. Dan. semper, simper, affected, coy, prudish, OSw. semper one who affectedly refrains from eating, Sw. sipp finical, prim, LG]
whimper v. i.
To cry with a low, whining, broken voice; to whine; to complain; as, a child whimpers. [Cf. Scot. whimmer, G. wimmern.]
neighbour v. i.
To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near.
aldermanic a.
Relating to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic of an alderman.
russ n.
A Russian, or the Russians.
alemannic a.
Belonging to the Alemanni, a confederacy of warlike German tribes.
damnable a.
Liable to damnation; deserving, or for which one deserves, to be damned; of a damning nature. [L. damnabilis, fr. damnare: cf. F. damnable. See Damn.]
damned a.
Sentenced to punishment in a future state; condemned; consigned to perdition.
damning a.
That damns; damnable; as, damning evidence of guilt.
attorney n.
A substitute; a proxy; an agent. [OE. aturneye, OF. atorné, p. p. of atorner: cf. LL. atturnatus, attornatus, fr. attornare. See Attorn.]
damn v. t.
To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment; to sentence; to censhure. [OE. damnen dap), OF. damner, dampner, F. damner, fr. L. damnare, damnatum, to condemn, fr. damnum damage, a fine, penalty. Cf. Condemn, Damage.]
cursed a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
stricken p. p.
Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
indifferently adv.
In an indifferent manner; without distinction or preference; impartially; without concern, wish, affection, or aversion; tolerably; passably.
sicken v. t.
To make sick; to disease.
sane a.
Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; -- said of the mind. [L. sanus; cf. Gr. Sound, a.]
oppressor n.
One who oppresses; one who imposes unjust burdens on others; one who harasses others with unjust laws or unreasonable severity. [L.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part III: Hell is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley — Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #4797; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Percy Bysshe Shelley, Part III: Hell, in The Complete Poetical Works, Volume I (1813–1820), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4797, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/shelley-poems/part-iii-hell.html, id L00258.

Form and metre

Part III: Hell is 116 lines in 23 stanzas. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABAAB, in 10 of the 23 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 80%). 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.2 syllables. 53 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in trochaic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAAB londonA · cityB · undoneA · doneA · pityB
  2. 2 A-AA- canningA · castlereagh · planningA · trepanningA · they
  3. 3 -ABBA lost · whichA · ghostB · almostB · richA
  4. 4 -ABBA king · setA · sentB · representB · debtA
  5. 5 ABAAB moneyA · interpretedB · honeyA · sunnyA · insteadB
  6. 6 -ABBA revolution · despotismA · confusionB · delusionB · methodismA
  7. 7 ABAAB breadA · cheeseB · fedA · bedA · theseB
  8. 8 A-A-- mewingA · misere · pursuingA · ruin · chastity
  9. 9 A-AAA hobnobbersA · chancellors · robbersA · jobbersA · warsA
  10. 10 -A--A ladies · simperA · woman · inhuman · whimperA
  11. 11 -ABBA moiling · riotA · labourB · neighbourB · quietA
  12. 12 ABAAB leveesA · politicalB · teasA · agoniesA · criticalB
  13. 13 ABAAB aldermanicA · dinnersB · panicA · alemannicA · winnersB
  14. 14 ABAAB ballsA · roomsB · callsA · stallsA · tombsB
  15. 15 ABAAB smotherA · damnedB · otherA · anotherA · damnedB
  16. 16 A-AA- damnsA · general · flamsA · shamsA · mineral
  17. 17 ABAAB beA · soulsB · feeA · seeA · coalsB
  18. 18 A-AA- cureA · on · poorA · endureA · groan
  19. 19 ABAAB indeedA · blessedB · weedA · feedA · possessedB
  20. 20 -A--A who · whyA · given · heaven · dieA
  21. 21 ABAAB strickenA · noB · sickenA · thickenA · crowB
  22. 22 -ABBA mad · oppressedA · othersB · brothersB · bestA
  23. 23 ABAAAB airA · dispellingB · fairA · thereA · careA · dwellingB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Hell is a city much like London--9···/˘··/˘
A populous and a smoky city;10·/˘˘··/˘/˘
There are all sorts of people undone,9·····/˘˘/
And there is little or no fun done;9···/˘····
Small justice shown, and still less pity.9·/˘····/˘
There is a Castles, and a Canning,9···/˘··/˘
A Cobbett, and a Castlereagh;8·/˘·····
All sorts of caitiff corpses planning9···/˘/˘/˘
All sorts of cozening for trepanning10··········
Corpses less corrupt than they.7/˘·˘/··
There is a ***, who has lost6······
His wits, or sold them, none knows which;8········
He walks about a double ghost,8·····/˘·
And though as thin as Fraud almost--8······/·
Ever grows more grim and rich.7/˘·····
There is a Chancery Court; a King;9···/˘˘···
A manufacturing mob; a set9··˘/˘˘···
Of thieves who by themselves are sent8····˘/··
Similar thieves to represent;8/˘˘···˘/
An army; and a public debt.8·/˘··/˘·
Which last is a scheme of paper money,10······/˘/˘
And means--being interpreted--8··/˘˘/˘˘
'Bees, keep your wax--give us the honey,9·······/˘
And we will plant, while skies are sunny,9·······/˘
Flowers, which in winter serve instead.'9/˘··/˘·˘/
There is a great talk of revolution--10·······˘/˘
And a great chance of despotism--9·····/˘·˘
German soldiers--camps--confusion--8/˘/˘·˘/˘
Tumults--lotteries--rage--delusion--9/˘/˘˘·˘/˘
Gin--suicide--and methodism;9·/˘··/˘·˘
Taxes too, on wine and bread,7/˘·····
And meat, and beer, and tea, and cheese,8········
From which those patriots pure are fed,9···/˘˘···
Who gorge before they reel to bed8········
The tenfold essence of all these.8·/·/˘···
There are mincing women, mewing,8··/˘/˘··
(Like cats, who amant misere,)7·······
Of their own virtue, and pursuing9···/˘·˘/˘
Their gentler sisters to that ruin,9·/˘/˘··/˘
Without which--what were chastity?8·····/˘˘
Lawyers--judges--old hobnobbers8/˘/˘····
Are there--bailiffs--chancellors--7··/˘/˘˘
Bishops--great and little robbers--8/˘··/˘/˘
Rhymesters--pamphleteers--stock-jobbers--9····˘/·/˘
Men of glory in the wars,--7··/˘···
Things whose trade is, over ladies8······/˘
To lean, and flirt, and stare, and simper,9·······/˘
Till all that is divine in woman9····˘/·/˘
Grows cruel, courteous, smooth, inhuman,10·/˘/˘˘·˘/˘
Crucified 'twixt a smile and whimper.9/˘·····/˘
Thrusting, toiling, wailing, moiling,8/˘/˘/˘··
Frowning, preaching--such a riot!8/˘/˘··/˘
Each with never-ceasing labour,8··/˘/˘/·
Whilst he thinks he cheats his neighbour,8······/˘
Cheating his own heart of quiet.8/˘····/˘
And all these meet at levees;--7·····/˘
Dinners convivial and political;--11/˘˘/˘˘·˘/˘˘
Suppers of epic poets;--teas,8/˘·/˘/˘·
Where small talk dies in agonies;--8·····/˘˘
Breakfasts professional and critical;10/˘˘/˘˘·/˘˘
Lunches and snacks so aldermanic9/˘···/˘˘˘
That one would furnish forth ten dinners,9···/˘··/˘
Where reigns a Cretan-tongued panic,9···/˘·˘/˘
Lest news Russ, Dutch, or Alemannic9·········
Should make some losers, and some winners--9···/˘··/˘
At conversazioni--balls--7·······
Conventicles--and drawing-rooms--7····/˘·
Courts of law--committees--calls7···˘/˘·
Of a morning--clubs--book-stalls--7··/˘···
Churches--masquerades--and tombs.7/˘·˘/··
And this is Hell--and in this smother9·······/˘
All are damnable and damned;7··/˘˘··
Each one damning, damns the other;8··/˘··/˘
They are damned by one another,9···˘··˘/˘
By none other are they damned.7··/˘···
'Tis a lie to say, 'God damns'!7·······
Where was Heaven's Attorney General10··/˘˘/˘/˘˘
When they first gave out such flams?7·······
Let there be an end of shams,7·······
They are mines of poisonous mineral.10····/˘˘/˘˘
Statesmen damn themselves to be7/˘·˘/··
Cursed; and lawyers damn their souls7··/˘···
To the auction of a fee;7··/˘···
Churchmen damn themselves to see7/˘·˘/··
God's sweet love in burning coals.7····/˘·
The rich are damned, beyond all cure,9····˘····
To taunt, and starve, and trample on8·····/˘·
The weak and wretched; and the poor8···/˘···
Damn their broken hearts to endure8··/˘··˘/
Stripe on stripe, with groan on groan.7·······
Sometimes the poor are damned indeed9/·····˘˘/
To take,--not means for being blessed,--9·····/˘·˘
But Cobbett's snuff, revenge; that weed8·/˘·˘/··
From which the worms that it doth feed8········
Squeeze less than they before possessed.9······˘/˘
And some few, like we know who,7·······
Damned--but God alone knows why--7···˘/··
To believe their minds are given8·˘/···/˘
To make this ugly Hell a Heaven;9···/˘··/˘
In which faith they live and die.7·······
Thus, as in a town, plague-stricken,8······/˘
Each man be he sound or no7·······
Must indifferently sicken;8·˘/˘˘˘/˘
As when day begins to thicken,8···˘/·/˘
None knows a pigeon from a crow,--8···/˘···
So good and bad, sane and mad,7·······
The oppressor and the oppressed;9·˘/˘··˘/˘
Those who weep to see what others8······/˘
Smile to inflict upon their brothers;9··˘/···/˘
Lovers, haters, worst and best;7/˘/˘···
All are damned--they breathe an air,7·······
Thick, infected, joy-dispelling:8·˘/˘·˘/˘
Each pursues what seems most fair,7·˘/····
Mining like moles, through mind, and there8/˘······
Scoop palace-caverns vast, where Care8·/˘/˘···
In throned state is ever dwelling.9··˘··/˘/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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