Section XIII

Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209), translated by James Atkinson · 1836

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 160 lines · from The Loves of Laili and Majnun

Meantime, the father mourned his wretched state,Like Jacob o'er his Joseph's unknown fate;No rest by day, no sleep by night;Grief o'er him shed its withering blight;Incessant yearnings wrung his heart,He sat in darkness, silent, lone:'Why did my child from home depart?Where has the hopeless wanderer gone?'Dreading that Death's relentless dartHis best-beloved had overthrown.Sudden he rose—despair gave forceAnd vigour to his aged frame;And, almost frantic with remorse,Gathering upon himself the blame,He trod the maze of wood and wild,Seeking his poor forsaken child;And when the day withdrew its light,He passed in cavern rude the night;But never ceased his venturous quest—No peace for him—no strengthening rest.In vain he paced the desert round,For not a trace of him was found.At length a herdsman, falling in his way,Described the spot where Majnún lay;Craggy, and deep, and terrible to view,It seemed a grave all damp with noxious dew.Thither proceeding, by the stranger led,He finds with horror that sepulchral bed;And, fearful of the worst, beholds the wreckOf Majnún, his once-lovely boy;—He sees a serpent winding round his neck,Playful, not destined to destroy:It stays but for a moment—all around,Limbs half-devoured, and bones, bestrew the ground.With cautious step descending, he surveysTh' unconscious youth, who meets his anxious gazeWith a wild look which could not recogniseThe tottering form before him: Who art thou?And what thy errand?' The old man replies—'I am thy father! I have found thee now,After long search?' Embracing, both remainedIn deep compassionate sorrow, fondly strainedEach to the other's bosom; and when he,The maniac, had regained his memory,And beams of light burst through his nighted brain,And he beheld and knew his sire again,Joy sparkled in his faded eye a while,And his parched lips seemed curled into a smile.The poor old father said, with feeble voice,'Thou makest my heart both tremble and rejoice:The path o'er which thy feet are doomed to passShows blades of swords, not harmless blades of grass;And I would warn thee never more to roam;Thy only safety is to stay at home.Dogs have a home, and thou hast none to boast:Art thou a man, to human comfort lost?If man thou art, then like a man appear,Or, if a demon, be a demon here.The ghoul, created to perplex the earth,Is still a ghoul, and answers to its birth;But thou'rt a man; and why, with human soul,Forget thy nature and become a ghoul?To-day if thou shouldst throw the reins aside,To-morrow thou mayst ask, and be denied.Soon shall I pass away, and be at rest;No longer this frail world's unhappy guest.My day is mingling with the shades of night;My life is losing all its wonted light.Soul of thy father! re-inspired with grace,Rise, and protect the honours of thy race,That, ere this frame be in the grave laid low,I may the guardian of my birthright know;That, ere I die, to sooth a parent's grief,Thou mayst be hailed in thine own home the chief.Forbid it, Heaven, that, when my hour is past,My house and home should to the winds be cast!That plundering strangers, with rapacious hand,Should waste my treasure and despoil my land!And Heaven forbid, that both at once should fall,(My greatest dread), and thus extinguish all!That when the summons reaches me to die,Thy death should also swell the funeral cry!'These words sank deep in Majnún's breast: he seemedAltered in mood, as through his senses streamedThe memory of his home, the fond regardOf his dear mother, and the joys he sharedFrom her affection. Days and nights he triedTo banish from his thoughts another's bride:Repentance came, and oft the strife renewed,But tyrant love that feeling soon subdued;(Love, a wild elephant in might, which growsMore powerful when opposed by friends or foes);And the poor maniac thus his sire addressed:'Thy counsel, father, is the wisest, best;And I would gladly to thy wish conform:But what am I? a helpless wretch, a worm,Without the power to do what I approve,Enslaved, the victim of almighty love.To me the world is swallowed up—I seeNothing but Lailí—all is lost to me,Save her bright image—father, mother, home,All buried in impenetrable gloom,Beyond my feeling;—yet I know thou'rt here,And I could weep;—but what avails the tear,Even were it at a father's funeral shed?For human sorrows never reach the dead.Thou sayst the night of Death is on thee falling!Then must I weep, thy fostering care recalling;But I shall die in utter misery,And none be left in life to weep for me.'Syd Omri, with unutterable grief,Gazed on his son, whose sorrows mocked relief;And, hopeless, wretched, every thought resignedThat once was balm and comfort to his mind.Then, showering blessings o'er his offspring's head,Groaning, he parted from that dismal cave;And, wrapt in deepest anguish, homeward sped;But 'twas, alas! to his expected grave.Gently he sank, by age and grief oppressed,From this vain world to that of endless rest.Vain world indeed! who ever rested here?The lustrous moon hath its eternal sphere;But man, who in this mortal prison sighs,Appears like lightning, and like lightning flies.A pilgrim-step approached the wild retreat,Where Majnún lingered in his rocky seat,And the sad tale was told. He fellUpon the earth insensible;And, grovelling, with a frantic air,His bosom beat—he tore his hair,And never rested, night or day,Till he had, wandering far away,Reached the sad spot where peaceful layHis father's bones, now crumbling with decay.His arms around the grave he flung,And to the earth delirious clung;Grasping the ashes of the dead,He cast them o'er his prostrate head,And, with repentant tears, bedewedThe holy relics round him strewed.O'erwhelming was the sharpened senseOf his contrition, deep, intense;And sickness wrapped his shattered frameIn a slow fever's parching flame;Still, ceaseless, 'twas his wont to raveUpon his father's sacred grave.He felt the bitterness of fate;He saw his folly now too late;And worlds would give again to shareHis generous father's constant care;For he had oft, in wanton guise,Contemned the counsels of the wise;Had with a child's impatience burned,And scorn for sympathy returned;And now, like all of human mould,When the indulgent heart is cold,Which would have sealed his happiness,He mourns—but mourns his own distress;For, when the diamond blazed like day,He cast it recklessly away.

Words in this poem 33
withering a.
Tending to wither; causing to shrink or fade.
yearnings n.
The maws, or stomachs, of young calves, used a rennet for curdling milk. [Cf. AS. geirnan, geyrnan, to rum. See 4th Earn.]
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
relentless a.
Unmoved by appeals for sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness; unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying; as, a prey to relentless despotism.
vigour v. t.
To invigorate. Feltham.
maze n.
A wild fancy; a confused notion. [OE. mase; cf. OE. masen to confuse, puzzle, Norweg. masast to fall into a slumber, masa to be continually busy, prate, chatter, Icel. masa to chatter, dial. Sw.]
venturous a.
Daring; bold; hardy; fearless; venturesome; adveturous; as, a venturous soldier. [Aphetic form of OE. aventurous. See Adventurous, Venture, n.]
bestrew v. t.
To strew or scatter over; to besprinkle. [Spelt also bestrow.]
recognise v. t.
To know again; to perceive the identity of, with a person or thing previously known; to recover or recall knowledge of. [From Recognizance; see Cognition, and cf. Reconnoiter.]
fondly adv.
Foolishly. Verstegan (1673).
maniac a.
Raving with madness; raging with disordered intellect; affected with mania; mad. [F. maniaque. See Mania.]
nighted a.
Darkness; clouded.
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
ghoul n.
An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies. Moore. [Per. gh an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour men and animals: cf. Ar. gh, F. goule.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
wonted a.
Accustomed; customary; usual.
sooth a.
True; faithful; trustworthy. [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root]
despoil v. t.
To strip, as of clothing; to divest or unclothe. [OF. despoiller, F. dépouiller, L. despoliare, despoliatum; de- + spoliare to strip, rob, spolium spoil, booty. Cf. Spoil, Despoliation.]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
gladly adv.
Preferably; by choice. [From Glad, a.]
resigned a.
Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or murmur.
dismal a.
Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky. [Formerly a noun; e. g., "I trow it was in the dismalle." Chaucer. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by Skeat) from OF. disme, F. dîme, tithe, the phr]
homeward a.
Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
tore n.
The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
clung a.
Wasted away; shrunken. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]
repentant a.
Penitent; sorry for sin. [F. repentant.]
contrition n.
The act of grinding or ribbing to powder; attrition; friction; rubbing. [F. contrition, L. contritio.]
parching a.
Scorching; burning; drying.
ceaseless a.
Without pause or end; incessant.
generous a.
Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
mould n.
Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Section XIII is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Loves of Laili and Majnun: A Poem from the Original Persian of Nizami, by James Atkinson, edited by the Rev. J. A. Atkinson (London: David Nutt, 1894), reprinting the Oriental Translation Fund edition of 1836, Internet Archive, the James Atkinson translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Nizami Ganjavi, Section XIII, in The Loves of Laili and Majnun (1836), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nizami-laili-and-majnun/section-xiii.html, id L29220.

Form and metre

Section XIII is 160 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 75% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCDC-CDEFEFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNONOPPQQRSRSTT----UUVVWWXX--YYZZ--aabbccddeeffgghhiijjkk--llmmnnoo--ppqq--rrss----ttuuvwvwxxyyzzAABBCCDDDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQ stateA · fateA · nightB · blightB · heartC · loneD · departC · gone · dartC · overthrownD · forceE · frameF · remorseE · blameF · wildG · childG · lightH · nightH · questI · restI · roundJ · foundJ · wayK · layK · viewL · dewL · ledM · bedM · wreckN · boyO · neckN · destroyO · aroundP · groundP · surveysQ · gazeQ · recogniseR · thouS · repliesR · nowS · remainedT · strainedT · he · memory · brain · again · whileU · smileU · voiceV · rejoiceV · passW · grassW · roamX · homeX · boast · lost · appearY · hereY · earthZ · birthZ · soul · ghoul · asidea · denieda · restb · guestb · nightc · lightc · graced · raced · lowe · knowe · grieff · chieff · pastg · castg · handh · landh · falli · alli · diej · cryj · seemedk · streamedk · regard · shared · triedl · bridel · renewedm · subduedm · growsn · foesn · addressedo · besto · conform · worm · approvep · lovep · seeq · meq · home · gloom · herer · tearr · sheds · deads · falling · recalling · misery · me · grieft · relieft · resignedu · mindu · headv · cavew · spedv · gravew · oppressedx · restx · herey · spherey · sighsz · fliesz · retreatA · seatA · fellB · insensibleB · airC · hairC · dayD · awayD · layD · decayD · flungE · clungE · deadF · headF · bedewedG · strewedG · senseH · intenseH · frameI · flameI · raveJ · graveJ · fateK · lateK · shareL · careL · guiseM · wiseM · burnedN · returnedN · mouldO · coldO · happinessP · distressP · dayQ · awayQ
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Meantime, the father mourned his wretched state,10/··/˘··/˘·
Like Jacob o'er his Joseph's unknown fate;10·/˘··/˘˘/·
No rest by day, no sleep by night;8········
Grief o'er him shed its withering blight;9·····/˘˘·
Incessant yearnings wrung his heart,8˘/˘/˘···
He sat in darkness, silent, lone:8···/˘/˘·
'Why did my child from home depart?8······˘/
Where has the hopeless wanderer gone?'9···/˘/˘˘·
Dreading that Death's relentless dart8/˘··˘/˘·
His best-beloved had overthrown.8··˘/··˘/
Sudden he rose—despair gave force8/˘··˘/··
And vigour to his aged frame;7·/˘····
And, almost frantic with remorse,8·/·/˘·˘/
Gathering upon himself the blame,9/˘˘··˘/··
He trod the maze of wood and wild,8········
Seeking his poor forsaken child;8/˘··˘/˘·
And when the day withdrew its light,8····˘/··
He passed in cavern rude the night;8···/˘···
But never ceased his venturous quest—9·/˘··/˘˘·
No peace for him—no strengthening rest.9·····/˘˘·
In vain he paced the desert round,8·····/˘·
For not a trace of him was found.8········
At length a herdsman, falling in his way,10·····/˘···
Described the spot where Majnún lay;8˘/······
Craggy, and deep, and terrible to view,10/˘···/˘˘··
It seemed a grave all damp with noxious dew.10·······/˘·
Thither proceeding, by the stranger led,10/˘˘/˘··/˘·
He finds with horror that sepulchral bed;10···/˘·˘/˘·
And, fearful of the worst, beholds the wreck10·/˘···˘/··
Of Majnún, his once-lovely boy;—8·····/˘·
He sees a serpent winding round his neck,10···/˘/˘···
Playful, not destined to destroy:8/˘·/˘·˘/
It stays but for a moment—all around,10·····/˘···
Limbs half-devoured, and bones, bestrew the ground.10··˘/··˘/··
With cautious step descending, he surveys10·/˘·˘/˘·˘/
Th' unconscious youth, who meets his anxious gaze10·/˘····/˘·
With a wild look which could not recognise10·······/˘·
The tottering form before him: Who art thou?10·/˘·······
And what thy errand?' The old man replies—10···/˘···˘/
'I am thy father! I have found thee now,10···/˘·····
After long search?' Embracing, both remained10····˘/˘·˘/
In deep compassionate sorrow, fondly strained10··˘/˘/˘/˘·
Each to the other's bosom; and when he,10···/˘/˘···
The maniac, had regained his memory,11·/˘··˘/·/˘˘
And beams of light burst through his nighted brain,10·······/˘·
And he beheld and knew his sire again,10··˘/···/˘/
Joy sparkled in his faded eye a while,10·/˘··/˘···
And his parched lips seemed curled into a smile.10··········
The poor old father said, with feeble voice,10···/˘··/˘·
'Thou makest my heart both tremble and rejoice:11······/˘·˘/
The path o'er which thy feet are doomed to pass10··········
Shows blades of swords, not harmless blades of grass;10·····/˘···
And I would warn thee never more to roam;10·····/˘···
Thy only safety is to stay at home.10·/˘/˘·····
Dogs have a home, and thou hast none to boast:10··········
Art thou a man, to human comfort lost?10·····/˘/˘·
If man thou art, then like a man appear,10········˘/
Or, if a demon, be a demon here.10···/˘··/˘·
The ghoul, created to perplex the earth,10··˘/˘·˘/··
Is still a ghoul, and answers to its birth;10·····/˘···
But thou'rt a man; and why, with human soul,10·······/˘·
Forget thy nature and become a ghoul?10˘/·/˘·˘/··
To-day if thou shouldst throw the reins aside,10········˘/
To-morrow thou mayst ask, and be denied.10·/˘·····˘/
Soon shall I pass away, and be at rest;10····˘/····
No longer this frail world's unhappy guest.10·/˘···˘/˘·
My day is mingling with the shades of night;10···/˘·····
My life is losing all its wonted light.10···/˘··/˘·
Soul of thy father! re-inspired with grace,10···/˘·˘/··
Rise, and protect the honours of thy race,10··˘/·/˘···
That, ere this frame be in the grave laid low,10··········
I may the guardian of my birthright know;10···/˘··/··
That, ere I die, to sooth a parent's grief,10·······/˘·
Thou mayst be hailed in thine own home the chief.10··········
Forbid it, Heaven, that, when my hour is past,10˘/·/···/··
My house and home should to the winds be cast!10··········
That plundering strangers, with rapacious hand,10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Should waste my treasure and despoil my land!10···/˘·˘/··
And Heaven forbid, that both at once should fall,10·/˘/······
(My greatest dread), and thus extinguish all!10·/˘···˘/˘·
That when the summons reaches me to die,10···/˘/˘···
Thy death should also swell the funeral cry!'10···/˘··/˘·
These words sank deep in Majnún's breast: he seemed10··········
Altered in mood, as through his senses streamed10/˘·····/˘·
The memory of his home, the fond regard10·/˘·····˘/
Of his dear mother, and the joys he shared10···/˘·····
From her affection. Days and nights he tried10··˘/˘·····
To banish from his thoughts another's bride:10·/˘···˘/˘·
Repentance came, and oft the strife renewed,10˘/˘·····˘/
But tyrant love that feeling soon subdued;10·/˘··/˘·˘/
(Love, a wild elephant in might, which grows10···/˘˘····
More powerful when opposed by friends or foes);10·/˘·˘/····
And the poor maniac thus his sire addressed:11···/˘···/˘/
'Thy counsel, father, is the wisest, best;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And I would gladly to thy wish conform:10···/˘···˘/
But what am I? a helpless wretch, a worm,10·····/˘···
Without the power to do what I approve,10···/····˘/
Enslaved, the victim of almighty love.10˘/·/˘·˘/˘·
To me the world is swallowed up—I see10·····/˘···
Nothing but Lailí—all is lost to me,9/˘·······
Save her bright image—father, mother, home,10···/˘/˘/˘·
All buried in impenetrable gloom,10·/˘·˘/˘˘˘·
Beyond my feeling;—yet I know thou'rt here,10···/˘·····
And I could weep;—but what avails the tear,10······˘/··
Even were it at a father's funeral shed?10/····/˘/˘·
For human sorrows never reach the dead.10·/˘/˘/˘···
Thou sayst the night of Death is on thee falling!11·········/˘
Then must I weep, thy fostering care recalling;11·····/˘·˘/˘
But I shall die in utter misery,10·····/˘/˘˘
And none be left in life to weep for me.'10··········
Syd Omri, with unutterable grief,10····˘/˘˘˘·
Gazed on his son, whose sorrows mocked relief;10·····/˘·˘/
And, hopeless, wretched, every thought resigned10·/˘/˘/˘·˘/
That once was balm and comfort to his mind.10·····/˘···
Then, showering blessings o'er his offspring's head,10·/˘/˘··/··
Groaning, he parted from that dismal cave;10/˘·/˘··/˘·
And, wrapt in deepest anguish, homeward sped;10···/˘/˘/˘·
But 'twas, alas! to his expected grave.10··˘/··˘/˘·
Gently he sank, by age and grief oppressed,10/˘······˘/
From this vain world to that of endless rest.10·······/˘·
Vain world indeed! who ever rested here?10··˘/·/˘/˘·
The lustrous moon hath its eternal sphere;10·/˘···˘/˘·
But man, who in this mortal prison sighs,10·····/˘/˘·
Appears like lightning, and like lightning flies.10˘/·/˘··/˘·
A pilgrim-step approached the wild retreat,10·/˘·˘/··˘/
Where Majnún lingered in his rocky seat,10···/˘··/˘·
And the sad tale was told. He fell8········
Upon the earth insensible;8····˘/˘˘
And, grovelling, with a frantic air,9·/˘˘··/˘·
His bosom beat—he tore his hair,8·/˘·····
And never rested, night or day,8·/˘/˘···
Till he had, wandering far away,9···/˘˘·˘/
Reached the sad spot where peaceful lay8·····/˘·
His father's bones, now crumbling with decay.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
His arms around the grave he flung,8········
And to the earth delirious clung;9····˘/˘˘·
Grasping the ashes of the dead,8/˘·/˘···
He cast them o'er his prostrate head,8·····/˘·
And, with repentant tears, bedewed8··˘/˘···
The holy relics round him strewed.8·/˘/˘···
O'erwhelming was the sharpened sense8·····/˘·
Of his contrition, deep, intense;8··˘/˘·˘/
And sickness wrapped his shattered frame8·/˘··/˘·
In a slow fever's parching flame;8···/˘/˘·
Still, ceaseless, 'twas his wont to rave8·/˘·····
Upon his father's sacred grave.8···/˘/˘·
He felt the bitterness of fate;8···/˘˘··
He saw his folly now too late;8···/˘···
And worlds would give again to share8····˘/··
His generous father's constant care;9·/˘˘/˘/˘·
For he had oft, in wanton guise,8·····/˘·
Contemned the counsels of the wise;8···/˘···
Had with a child's impatience burned,8····˘/˘·
And scorn for sympathy returned;8···/˘˘˘/
And now, like all of human mould,8·····/˘·
When the indulgent heart is cold,8··˘/˘···
Which would have sealed his happiness,8·····/˘˘
He mourns—but mourns his own distress;8······˘/
For, when the diamond blazed like day,8···/˘···
He cast it recklessly away.8···/˘˘˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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