Section X

Nizami Ganjavi (1141–1209), translated by James Atkinson · 1836

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 68 lines · from The Loves of Laili and Majnun

The minstrel strikes his soft guitar,With sad forebodings pale;And fills with song the balmy air,And thus resumes his tale:—The pensive bird, compelled to cower,From day to day in Noufal's bower,Tired of the scene, with pinions light,Swift as the wind has urged its flight,And, far from Noufal's wide domain,Enjoys its liberty again;Pouring aloud its sad complaintIn wildest mood without restraint.

And now remote from peopled town,Midst tangled forest, parched and brown,The maniac roams; with double speedHe goads along his snorting steed,Till, in a grove, a sportsman's snareAttracts his view, and, struggling there,Its knotted meshes fast between,Some newly prisoned deer are seen;And as the sportsman forward springsTo seize on one, and promptly bringsThe fatal knife upon its neck,His hand receives a sudden check;And looking upwards, with surprise(A mounted chief before his eyes!),He stops—while thus exclaims the youth:'If e'er thy bosom throbbed with ruth,Forbear! for 'tis a crime to spillA gazelle's blood—it bodeth ill;Then set the pleading captive free;For sweet is life and liberty.That heart must be as marble hard,And merciless as wolf or pard,Which clouds in death that large black eye.Beaming like Lailí's, lovingly.The cruel stroke, my friend, withhold;Its neck deserves a string of gold.Observe its slender limbs, the graceAnd winning meekness of its face.The musk-pod is its fatal dower,Like beauty, still the prey of power;And for that fragrant gift thou 'it ledThe gentle gazelle's blood to shed!O, seek not gain by cruel deed,Nor let the innocent victim bleed.''But,' cried the sportsman, 'these are mine;I cannot at my task repine:The sportsman's task; 'tis free from blame,To watch and snare the forest-game.'

Majnún, upon this stern reply,Alighted from his steed, and said—'O, let them live! they must not die.Forbear! and take this barb instead.'The sportsman seized it eagerly,And, laughing, from the greenwood sped.Majnún, delighted, viewed his purchased prize,And in the gazelle's sees his Lailí's eyes;But soon, freed from the snare, with nimble feetThe tremblers bound to some more safe retreat.The simple maniac starts, and finds, amazed,The vision vanished which his fancy raised.

'Tis night—and darkness, black as Lailí's tresses,Veils all around, and all his soul oppresses;No lucid moon like Lailí's face appears;No glimpse of light the gloomy prospect cheers:In a rude cavern he despairing lies,The tedious moments only marked with sighs.

Words in this poem 15
balmy a.
Having the qualities of balm; odoriferous; aromatic; assuaging; soothing; refreshing; mild.
aloud adv.
With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
peopled a.
Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited.
maniac a.
Raving with madness; raging with disordered intellect; affected with mania; mad. [F. maniaque. See Mania.]
steed n.
A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
promptly adv.
In a prompt manner.
ruth n.
Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggedh, hrygedh.]
spill n.
A bit of wood split off; a splinter. [sq. root170. Cf. Spell a splinter.]
pard n.
A leopard; a panther. [L. pardus, Gr. p tiger, panther.]
lovingly adv.
With love; affectionately.
meekness n.
The quality or state of being meek.
repine v. i.
To fail; to wane. [Pref. re- + pine to languish.]
greenwood n.
A forest as it appears is spring and summer.
delighted a.
Endowed with delight.
despairing a.
Feeling or expressing despair; hopeless.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Section X is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Loves of Laili and Majnun: A Poem from the Original Persian of Nizami, by James Atkinson, edited by the Rev. J. A. Atkinson (London: David Nutt, 1894), reprinting the Oriental Translation Fund edition of 1836, Internet Archive, the James Atkinson translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Nizami Ganjavi, Section X, in The Loves of Laili and Majnun (1836), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nizami-laili-and-majnun/section-x.html, id L29217.

Form and metre

Section X is 68 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 74% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%).

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-ABBCCDDEE guitar · paleA · air · taleA · cowerB · bowerB · lightC · flightC · domainD · againD · complaintE · restraintE
  2. 2 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJ-KKJ-LLMM--NNOO--PP townA · brownA · speedB · steedB · snareC · thereC · betweenD · seenD · springsE · bringsE · neckF · checkF · surpriseG · eyesG · youthH · ruthH · spillI · illI · freeJ · liberty · hardK · pardK · eyeJ · lovingly · withholdL · goldL · graceM · faceM · dower · power · ledN · shedN · deedO · bleedO · mine · repine · blameP · gameP
  3. 3 ABAB-BCCDDEE replyA · saidB · dieA · insteadB · eagerly · spedB · prizeC · eyesC · feetD · retreatD · amazedE · raisedE
  4. 4 AABBCC tressesA · oppressesA · appearsB · cheersB · liesC · sighsC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The minstrel strikes his soft guitar,8·/˘···˘/
With sad forebodings pale;6··˘/˘·
And fills with song the balmy air,8·····/˘·
And thus resumes his tale:—6··˘/··
The pensive bird, compelled to cower,9·/˘·˘/·/˘
From day to day in Noufal's bower,9·······/˘
Tired of the scene, with pinions light,8/····/˘·
Swift as the wind has urged its flight,8········
And, far from Noufal's wide domain,8······˘/
Enjoys its liberty again;8˘/·/˘˘˘/
Pouring aloud its sad complaint8/˘˘/··˘/
In wildest mood without restraint.8·/˘···˘/
And now remote from peopled town,8··˘/·/˘·
Midst tangled forest, parched and brown,8·/˘/˘···
The maniac roams; with double speed9·/˘···/˘·
He goads along his snorting steed,8··˘/·/˘·
Till, in a grove, a sportsman's snare8·····/˘·
Attracts his view, and, struggling there,8˘/···/˘·
Its knotted meshes fast between,8·/˘/˘···
Some newly prisoned deer are seen;8·/˘/˘···
And as the sportsman forward springs8···/˘/˘·
To seize on one, and promptly brings8·····/˘·
The fatal knife upon its neck,8·/˘·····
His hand receives a sudden check;8··˘/·/˘·
And looking upwards, with surprise8·/˘/˘·˘/
(A mounted chief before his eyes!),8·/˘·····
He stops—while thus exclaims the youth:8····˘/··
'If e'er thy bosom throbbed with ruth,8···/˘···
Forbear! for 'tis a crime to spill8˘/······
A gazelle's blood—it bodeth ill;8·˘/·····
Then set the pleading captive free;8···/˘/˘·
For sweet is life and liberty.8·····/˘˘
That heart must be as marble hard,8·····/˘·
And merciless as wolf or pard,8·/˘˘····
Which clouds in death that large black eye.8········
Beaming like Lailí's, lovingly.7/˘··/˘˘
The cruel stroke, my friend, withhold;8·/˘···˘/
Its neck deserves a string of gold.8··˘/····
Observe its slender limbs, the grace8˘/·/˘···
And winning meekness of its face.8·/˘/˘···
The musk-pod is its fatal dower,8·····/˘·
Like beauty, still the prey of power;9·/˘····/˘
And for that fragrant gift thou 'it led9···/˘····
The gentle gazelle's blood to shed!8·/˘˘/···
O, seek not gain by cruel deed,8·····/˘·
Nor let the innocent victim bleed.'8···/˘/˘·
'But,' cried the sportsman, 'these are mine;8···/˘···
I cannot at my task repine:8·/˘···˘/
The sportsman's task; 'tis free from blame,8·/˘·····
To watch and snare the forest-game.'8·····/˘·
Majnún, upon this stern reply,8······˘/
Alighted from his steed, and said—8˘/˘·····
'O, let them live! they must not die.8········
Forbear! and take this barb instead.'8˘/····˘/
The sportsman seized it eagerly,8·/˘··/˘˘
And, laughing, from the greenwood sped.8·/˘··/··
Majnún, delighted, viewed his purchased prize,10··˘/˘··/˘·
And in the gazelle's sees his Lailí's eyes;9···˘/····
But soon, freed from the snare, with nimble feet10·······/˘·
The tremblers bound to some more safe retreat.10········˘/
The simple maniac starts, and finds, amazed,11·/˘/˘····˘/
The vision vanished which his fancy raised.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
'Tis night—and darkness, black as Lailí's tresses,10···/˘···/˘
Veils all around, and all his soul oppresses;11········˘/˘
No lucid moon like Lailí's face appears;9·/˘····˘/
No glimpse of light the gloomy prospect cheers:10·····/˘/˘·
In a rude cavern he despairing lies,10···/˘·˘/˘·
The tedious moments only marked with sighs.10·/˘/˘/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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