Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte

Lord Byron (1788–1824) · 1816

iambic tetrameter · 171 lines · from The Giaour, and Other Poems

'Tis done--but yesterday a King!And armed with Kings to strive--And now thou art a nameless thing:So abject--yet alive!Is this the man of thousand thrones,Who strewed our earth with hostile bones,And can he thus survive?Since he, miscalled the Morning Star,Nor man nor fiend hath fallen so far.

Ill-minded man! why scourge thy kindWho bowed so low the knee?By gazing on thyself grown blind,Thou taught'st the rest to see.With might unquestioned,--power to save,--Thine only gift hath been the graveTo those that worshipped thee;Nor till thy fall could mortals guessAmbition's less than littleness!

Thanks for that lesson--it will teachTo after-warriors moreThan high Philosophy can preach,And vainly preached before.That spell upon the minds of menBreaks never to unite again,That led them to adoreThose Pagod things of sabre-sway,With fronts of brass, and feet of clay.

The triumph, and the vanity,The rapture of the strife--The earthquake-voice of Victory,To thee the breath of life;The sword, the sceptre, and that swayWhich man seemed made but to obey,Wherewith renown was rife--All quelled!--Dark Spirit! what must beThe madness of thy memory!

The Desolator desolate!The Victor overthrown!The Arbiter of others' fateA Suppliant for his own!Is it some yet imperial hopeThat with such change can calmly cope?Or dread of death alone?To die a Prince--or live a slave--Thy choice is most ignobly brave!

He who of old would rend the oak,Dreamed not of the rebound;Chained by the trunk he vainly broke--Alone--how looked he round?Thou, in the sternness of thy strength,An equal deed hast done at length.And darker fate hast found:He fell, the forest prowlers' prey;But thou must eat thy heart away!

The Roman, when his burning heartWas slaked with blood of Rome,Threw down the dagger--dared depart,In savage grandeur, home.--He dared depart in utter scornOf men that such a yoke had borne,Yet left him such a doom!His only glory was that hourOf self-upheld abandoned power.

The Spaniard, when the lust of swayHad lost its quickening spell,Cast crowns for rosaries away,An empire for a cell;A strict accountant of his beads,A subtle disputant on creeds,His dotage trifled well:Yet better had he neither knownA bigot's shrine, nor despot's throne.

But thou--from thy reluctant handThe thunderbolt is wrung--Too late thou leav'st the high commandTo which thy weakness clung;All Evil Spirit as thou art,It is enough to grieve the heartTo see thine own unstrung;To think that God's fair world hath beenThe footstool of a thing so mean;

And Earth hath spilt her blood for him,Who thus can hoard his own!And Monarchs bowed the trembling limb,And thanked him for a throne!Fair Freedom! we may hold thee dear,When thus thy mightiest foes their fearIn humblest guise have shown.Oh! ne'er may tyrant leave behindA brighter name to lure mankind!

Thine evil deeds are writ in gore,Nor written thus in vain--Thy triumphs tell of fame no more,Or deepen every stain:If thou hadst died as Honour dies,Some new Napoleon might arise,To shame the world again--But who would soar the solar height,To set in such a starless night?ip

Weigh'd in the balance, hero dustIs vile as vulgar clay;iqThy scales, Mortality! are justTo all that pass away:But yet methought the living greatSome higher sparks should animate,To dazzle and dismay:Nor deem'd Contempt could thus make mirthOf these, the Conquerors of the earth.

And she, proud Austria's mournful flower,Thy still imperial bride;How bears her breast the torturing hour?Still clings she to thy side?Must she too bend, must she too shareThy late repentance, long despair,Thou throneless Homicide?If still she loves thee, hoard that gem,--'Tis worth thy vanished diadem!

Then haste thee to thy sullen Isle,And gaze upon the sea;irThat element may meet thy smile--It ne'er was ruled by thee!Or trace with thine all idle handisIn loitering mood upon the sandThat Earth is now as free!That Corinth's pedagogue hath nowTransferred his by-word to thy brow.

Thou Timour! in his captive's cageitWhat thoughts will there be thine,While brooding in thy prisoned rage?But one--"The world was mine!"Unless, like he of Babylon,All sense is with thy sceptre gone,Life will not long confineThat spirit poured so widely forth--So long obeyed--so little worth!

Or, like the thief of fire from heaven,Wilt thou withstand the shock?And share with him, the unforgiven,His vulture and his rock!Foredoomed by God--by man accurst,iuAnd that last act, though not thy worst,The very Fiend's arch mock;He in his fall preserved his pride,And, if a mortal, had as proudly died!iv

There was a day--there was an hour,While earth was Gaul's--Gaul thine--iwWhen that immeasurable powerUnsated to resignHad been an act of purer fameThan gathers round Marengo's nameAnd gilded thy decline,Through the long twilight of all time,Despite some passing clouds of crime.

But thou forsooth must be a KingAnd don the purple vest,As if that foolish robe could wringRemembrance from thy breast.Where is that faded garment? whereixThe gewgaws thou wert fond to wear,The star, the string, the crest?iyVain froward child of Empire! say,Are all thy playthings snatched away?

Where may the wearied eye reposeizWhen gazing on the Great;Where neither guilty glory glows,Nor despicable state?Yes--One--the first--the last--the best--The Cincinnatus of the West,Whom Envy dared not hate,Bequeathed the name of Washington,To make man blush there was but one!ja

Words in this poem 35
nameless a.
Without a name; not having been given a name; as, a nameless star.
abject a.
Cast down; low-lying. [L. abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away; ab + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]
scourge n.
A lash; a strap or cord; especially, a lash used to inflict pain or punishment; an instrument of punishment or discipline; a whip. [F. escourgée, fr. L. excoriata (sc. scutica) a stripped off (lash or whip), fr. excoriate to strip, to skin. See Excoriate.]
unquestioned a.
Not called in question; not doubted.
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
sabre n.
A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
sceptre n.
A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
wherewith adv.
With which; -- used relatively.
rife a.
Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. [AS. rif abundant, or Icel. rifr munificent; akin to OD. riff, rijve, abundant.]
suppliant a.
Asking earnestly and submissively; entreating; beseeching; supplicating. [F., p.pr. of supplier to entreat, L. supplicare. See Supplicate, and cf. Supplicant.]
ignobly adv.
In an ignoble manner; basely.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
sternness n.
The quality or state of being stern.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
depart v. i.
To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
spaniard n.
A native or inhabitant of Spain.
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
quickening n.
The act or process of making or of becoming quick.
dotage n.
Feebleness or imbecility of understanding or mind, particularly in old age; the childishness of old age; senility; as, a venerable man, now in his dotage. [From Dote, v. i.]
thunderbolt n.
A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of electricity passing from one part of the heavens to another, or from the clouds to the earth.
clung a.
Wasted away; shrunken. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]
footstool n.
A low stool to support the feet of one when sitting.
deepen v. t.
To make deep or deeper; to increase the depth of; to sink lower; as, to deepen a well or a channel.
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
napoleon n.
A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86. [From the Emperor Napoleon 1.]
starless a.
Being without stars; having no stars visible; as, a starless night.
mortality n.
The condition or quality of being mortal; subjection to death or to the necessity of dying. [L. mortalitas: cf. F. mortalité.]
dazzle v. t.
To overpower with light; to confuse the sight of by brilliance of light. [Freq. of daze.]
throneless a.
Having no throne.
sullen a.
Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
isle v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
accurst p. p.
Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an accursed deed.
forsooth v. t.
To address respectfully with the term forsooth.
vest n.
An article of clothing covering the person; an outer garment; a vestment; a dress; a vesture; a robe. [L. vestis a garment, vesture; akin to Goth. wasti, and E. wear: cf. F. veste. See Wear to carry on the person, and cf. Divest, Invest, Travesty.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Works of Lord Byron. Vol. 3, Project Gutenberg ebook #21811; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Lord Byron, Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte, in The Giaour, and Other Poems (1816), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #21811, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/byron-works-3/ode-to-napoleon-buonaparte.html, id L23932.

Form and metre

Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte is 171 lines in 19 stanzas of 9 lines each. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABABCCBDD, in 7 of the 19 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCCBDD kingA · striveB · thingA · aliveB · thronesC · bonesC · surviveB · starD · farD
  2. 2 ABABCCB-- kindA · kneeB · blindA · seeB · saveC · graveC · theeB · guess · littleness
  3. 3 ABABCCBDD teachA · moreB · preachA · beforeB · menC · againC · adoreB · swayD · clayD
  4. 4 -A-ABBA-- vanity · strifeA · victory · lifeA · swayB · obeyB · rifeA · be · memory
  5. 5 ABABCCBDD desolateA · overthrownB · fateA · ownB · hopeC · copeC · aloneB · slaveD · braveD
  6. 6 ABABCCBDD oakA · reboundB · brokeA · roundB · strengthC · lengthC · foundB · preyD · awayD
  7. 7 ABABCC-DD heartA · romeB · departA · homeB · scornC · borneC · doom · hourD · powerD
  8. 8 ABABCCBDD swayA · spellB · awayA · cellB · beadsC · creedsC · wellB · knownD · throneD
  9. 9 ABABCCB-- handA · wrungB · commandA · clungB · artC · heartC · unstrungB · been · mean
  10. 10 ABABCCBDD himA · ownB · limbA · throneB · dearC · fearC · shownB · behindD · mankindD
  11. 11 ABABCCB-- goreA · vainB · moreA · stainB · diesC · ariseC · againB · height · night?ip
  12. 12 A-ABCCBDD dustA · clay;iq · justA · awayB · greatC · animateC · dismayB · mirthD · earthD
  13. 13 ABABCCBDD flowerA · brideB · hourA · sideB · shareC · despairC · homicideB · gemD · diademD
  14. 14 A-AB--BCC isleA · sea;ir · smileA · theeB · handis · sand · freeB · nowC · browC
  15. 15 -A-A--A-- cageit · thineA · rage · mineA · babylon · gone · confineA · forth · worth
  16. 16 -A-A--A-- heaven · shockA · unforgiven · rockA · accurst,iu · worst · mockA · pride · died!iv
  17. 17 A-ABCCBDD hourA · iw · powerA · resignB · fameC · nameC · declineB · timeD · crimeD
  18. 18 ABAB---CC kingA · vestB · wringA · breastB · whereix · wear · crest?iy · sayC · awayC
  19. 19 -A-ABBA-- reposeiz · greatA · glows · stateA · bestB · westB · hateA · washington · one!ja
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
'Tis done--but yesterday a King!8···/˘···
And armed with Kings to strive--6······
And now thou art a nameless thing:8·····/˘·
So abject--yet alive!6·/˘·˘/
Is this the man of thousand thrones,8·····/˘·
Who strewed our earth with hostile bones,8··/··˘/·
And can he thus survive?6····˘/
Since he, miscalled the Morning Star,8·····/˘·
Nor man nor fiend hath fallen so far.9·····/˘··
Ill-minded man! why scourge thy kind8·/˘·····
Who bowed so low the knee?6······
By gazing on thyself grown blind,8·/˘·˘/··
Thou taught'st the rest to see.6······
With might unquestioned,--power to save,--8··˘/˘/··
Thine only gift hath been the grave8·/˘·····
To those that worshipped thee;6···/˘·
Nor till thy fall could mortals guess8·····/˘·
Ambition's less than littleness!8˘/˘··/˘˘
Thanks for that lesson--it will teach8···/˘···
To after-warriors more7···/˘˘·
Than high Philosophy can preach,8··˘/˘˘··
And vainly preached before.6·/˘···
That spell upon the minds of men8········
Breaks never to unite again,8·/˘·/·˘/
That led them to adore6····˘/
Those Pagod things of sabre-sway,8·/˘··/˘·
With fronts of brass, and feet of clay.8········
The triumph, and the vanity,8·/˘··/˘˘
The rapture of the strife--6·/˘···
The earthquake-voice of Victory,8·/···/˘˘
To thee the breath of life;6······
The sword, the sceptre, and that sway8···/˘···
Which man seemed made but to obey,8······˘/
Wherewith renown was rife--6˘/˘/··
All quelled!--Dark Spirit! what must be8···/˘···
The madness of thy memory!8·/˘··/˘˘
The Desolator desolate!7·/˘˘/˘·
The Victor overthrown!6·/˘·˘/
The Arbiter of others' fate8·/˘˘·/˘·
A Suppliant for his own!7·/˘˘···
Is it some yet imperial hope8····˘/˘·
That with such change can calmly cope?8·····/˘·
Or dread of death alone?6····˘/
To die a Prince--or live a slave--8········
Thy choice is most ignobly brave!8····˘/˘·
He who of old would rend the oak,8········
Dreamed not of the rebound;6····˘/
Chained by the trunk he vainly broke--8·····/˘·
Alone--how looked he round?6˘/····
Thou, in the sternness of thy strength,8···/˘···
An equal deed hast done at length.8·/˘·····
And darker fate hast found:6·/˘···
He fell, the forest prowlers' prey;8···/˘···
But thou must eat thy heart away!8······˘/
The Roman, when his burning heart8·/˘··/˘·
Was slaked with blood of Rome,6······
Threw down the dagger--dared depart,8···/˘·˘/
In savage grandeur, home.--6·/˘˘/·
He dared depart in utter scorn8··˘/·/˘·
Of men that such a yoke had borne,8········
Yet left him such a doom!6······
His only glory was that hour9·/˘/˘··/˘
Of self-upheld abandoned power.9··˘/˘/˘/˘
The Spaniard, when the lust of sway8·/˘·····
Had lost its quickening spell,7···/˘˘·
Cast crowns for rosaries away,8···/˘˘˘/
An empire for a cell;7·/˘˘···
A strict accountant of his beads,8··˘/˘···
A subtle disputant on creeds,8·/˘/˘˘··
His dotage trifled well:6·/˘/˘·
Yet better had he neither known8·/˘··/˘·
A bigot's shrine, nor despot's throne.8·/˘··/˘·
But thou--from thy reluctant hand8····˘/˘·
The thunderbolt is wrung--6·/˘···
Too late thou leav'st the high command8······˘/
To which thy weakness clung;6···/˘·
All Evil Spirit as thou art,8·/˘/˘···
It is enough to grieve the heart8··˘/····
To see thine own unstrung;6······
To think that God's fair world hath been8········
The footstool of a thing so mean;8·/˘·····
And Earth hath spilt her blood for him,8········
Who thus can hoard his own!6······
And Monarchs bowed the trembling limb,8·/···/˘·
And thanked him for a throne!6······
Fair Freedom! we may hold thee dear,8·/˘·····
When thus thy mightiest foes their fear8···/˘···
In humblest guise have shown.7·/˘˘···
Oh! ne'er may tyrant leave behind8···/˘···
A brighter name to lure mankind!8·/˘···//
Thine evil deeds are writ in gore,8·/˘·····
Nor written thus in vain--6·/˘···
Thy triumphs tell of fame no more,8·/˘·····
Or deepen every stain:7·/˘/˘˘·
If thou hadst died as Honour dies,8·····/˘·
Some new Napoleon might arise,8··˘/˘·˘/
To shame the world again--6····˘/
But who would soar the solar height,8·····/˘·
To set in such a starless night?ip9·····/˘··
Weigh'd in the balance, hero dust8···/˘/˘·
Is vile as vulgar clay;iq7···/˘··
Thy scales, Mortality! are just8··˘/˘˘··
To all that pass away:6····˘/
But yet methought the living great8··˘/·/˘·
Some higher sparks should animate,8·/˘··/˘·
To dazzle and dismay:6·/˘·˘/
Nor deem'd Contempt could thus make mirth8··˘/····
Of these, the Conquerors of the earth.8···/˘···
And she, proud Austria's mournful flower,8···/˘/˘/
Thy still imperial bride;7··˘/˘˘·
How bears her breast the torturing hour?8·····/˘/
Still clings she to thy side?6······
Must she too bend, must she too share8········
Thy late repentance, long despair,8··˘/˘·˘/
Thou throneless Homicide?6·/˘/˘·
If still she loves thee, hoard that gem,--8········
'Tis worth thy vanished diadem!8···/˘/˘·
Then haste thee to thy sullen Isle,8·····/˘·
And gaze upon the sea;ir7·······
That element may meet thy smile--8·/˘˘····
It ne'er was ruled by thee!6······
Or trace with thine all idle handis9·····/˘··
In loitering mood upon the sand8·/˘·····
That Earth is now as free!6······
That Corinth's pedagogue hath now8·/˘/˘˘··
Transferred his by-word to thy brow.8˘/······
Thou Timour! in his captive's cageit9·˘/··/˘··
What thoughts will there be thine,6······
While brooding in thy prisoned rage?8·/˘··/˘·
But one--"The world was mine!"6······
Unless, like he of Babylon,8·····/˘·
All sense is with thy sceptre gone,8·····/˘·
Life will not long confine6····˘/
That spirit poured so widely forth--8·/˘··/˘·
So long obeyed--so little worth!8··˘/·/˘·
Or, like the thief of fire from heaven,9·····/·/˘
Wilt thou withstand the shock?6··˘/··
And share with him, the unforgiven,9······˘/˘
His vulture and his rock!6·/˘···
Foredoomed by God--by man accurst,iu10··········
And that last act, though not thy worst,8········
The very Fiend's arch mock;6·/˘···
He in his fall preserved his pride,8····˘/··
And, if a mortal, had as proudly died!iv11···/˘··/˘··
There was a day--there was an hour,9·······/˘
While earth was Gaul's--Gaul thine--iw7·······
When that immeasurable power9··˘/˘·˘/˘
Unsated to resign6····˘/
Had been an act of purer fame8·····/˘·
Than gathers round Marengo's name8·/˘·····
And gilded thy decline,6·/˘·˘/
Through the long twilight of all time,8···/····
Despite some passing clouds of crime.8˘/·/˘···
But thou forsooth must be a King8··˘/····
And don the purple vest,6···/˘·
As if that foolish robe could wring8···/˘···
Remembrance from thy breast.6˘/˘···
Where is that faded garment? whereix9···/˘/˘··
The gewgaws thou wert fond to wear,8·/˘·····
The star, the string, the crest?iy7·······
Vain froward child of Empire! say,8·/˘··/˘·
Are all thy playthings snatched away?8···/··˘/
Where may the wearied eye reposeiz9···/˘····
When gazing on the Great;6·/˘···
Where neither guilty glory glows,8·/˘/˘/˘·
Nor despicable state?6·˘/˘˘·
Yes--One--the first--the last--the best--8········
The Cincinnatus of the West,8········
Whom Envy dared not hate,6·/˘···
Bequeathed the name of Washington,8˘/···/˘˘
To make man blush there was but one!ja9·········

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