Part XXXIV

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

trochaic pentameter · unrhymed · 92 lines · from Beowulf

WIGLAF his name was, Weohstan's son,linden-thane loved, the lord of Scylfings,Aelfhere's kinsman. His king he now sawwith heat under helmet hard oppressed.He minded the prizes his prince had given him,wealthy seat of the Waegmunding line,and folk-rights that his father ownedNot long he lingered. The linden yellow,his shield, he seized; the old sword he drew: --as heirloom of Eanmund earth-dwellers knew it,who was slain by the sword-edge, son of Ohtere,friendless exile, erst in fraykilled by Weohstan, who won for his kinbrown-bright helmet, breastplate ringed,old sword of Eotens, Onela's gift,weeds of war of the warrior-thane,battle-gear brave: though a brother's childhad been felled, the feud was unfelt by Onela.For winters this war-gear Weohstan kept,breastplate and board, till his bairn had grownearlship to earn as the old sire did:then he gave him, mid Geats, the gear of battle,portion huge, when he passed from life,fared aged forth. For the first time nowwith his leader-lord the liegeman youngwas bidden to share the shock of battle.Neither softened his soul, nor the sire's bequestweakened in war. So the worm found outwhen once in fight the foes had met!Wiglaf spake, -- and his words were sage;sad in spirit, he said to his comrades: --"I remember the time, when mead we took,what promise we made to this prince of oursin the banquet-hall, to our breaker-of-rings,for gear of combat to give him requital,for hard-sword and helmet, if hap should bringstress of this sort! Himself who chose usfrom all his army to aid him now,urged us to glory, and gave these treasures,because he counted us keen with the spearand hardy 'neath helm, though this hero-workour leader hoped unhelped and aloneto finish for us, -- folk-defenderwho hath got him glory greater than all menfor daring deeds! Now the day is comethat our noble master has need of the mightof warriors stout. Let us stride alongthe hero to help while the heat is about himglowing and grim! For God is my witnessI am far more fain the fire should seizealong with my lord these limbs of mine!Unsuiting it seems our shields to bearhomeward hence, save here we essayto fell the foe and defend the lifeof the Weders' lord. I wot 'twere shameon the law of our land if alone the kingout of Geatish warriors woe enduredand sank in the struggle! My sword and helmet,breastplate and board, for us both shall serve!"Through slaughter-reek strode he to succor his chieftain,his battle-helm bore, and brief words spake: --"Beowulf dearest, do all bravely,as in youthful days of yore thou vowedstthat while life should last thou wouldst let no wisethy glory droop! Now, great in deeds,atheling steadfast, with all thy strengthshield thy life! I will stand to help thee."At the words the worm came once again,murderous monster mad with rage,with fire-billows flaming, its foes to seek,the hated men. In heat-waves burnedthat board to the boss, and the breastplate failedto shelter at all the spear-thane young.Yet quickly under his kinsman's shieldwent eager the earl, since his own was nowall burned by the blaze. The bold king againhad mind of his glory: with might his glaivewas driven into the dragon's head, --blow nerved by hate. But Naegling was shivered,broken in battle was Beowulf's sword,old and gray. 'Twas granted him notthat ever the edge of iron at allcould help him at strife: too strong was his hand,so the tale is told, and he tried too farwith strength of stroke all swords he wielded,though sturdy their steel: they steaded him nought.Then for the third time thought on its feudthat folk-destroyer, fire-dread dragon,and rushed on the hero, where room allowed,battle-grim, burning; its bitter teethclosed on his neck, and covered himwith waves of blood from his breast that welled.

Words in this poem 16
kinsman n.
A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
friendless a.
Destitute of friends; forsaken. [AS. freóndleás.]
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
breaker n.
One who, or that which, breaks.
stride v. t.
To walk with long steps, especially in a measured or pompous manner. [AS. stridan to stride, to strive; akin to LG. striden, OFries. strida to strive, D. strijden to strive, to contend, G. streiten, OHG. stritan; of uncertain orig]
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
homeward a.
Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
bravely adv.
In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.
yore adv.
In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
atheling n.
An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and Ætheling.] [AS. æ noble, fr. æ noble, akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The word æ, E. ethel, is in many AS. proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bo]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
glaive n.
A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light lance with a long sharp-pointed head. Wilhelm. [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E. claymore. Cf. Gladiator.]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
rushed a.
Abounding or covered with rushes.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XXXIV is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XXXIV, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xxxiv.html, id L14222.

Form and metre

Part XXXIV is 92 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is trochaic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 71%). 90% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.6 syllables. 14 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 49% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in trochaic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------AA-----B-B-B--- son · scylfings · saw · oppressed · him · line · owned · yellow · drew · it · ohtere · fray · kin · ringed · gift · thane · child · onela · kept · grown · did · battle · life · now · young · battle · bequest · out · met · sage · comrades · took · ours · rings · requital · bring · us · now · treasures · spear · work · alone · defender · men · come · might · along · him · witness · seize · mine · bear · essay · life · shame · king · endured · helmet · serve · chieftain · spake · bravely · vowedst · wise · deeds · strength · thee · again · rage · seek · burned · failed · young · shield · now · again · glaive · headA · shiveredA · sword · not · all · hand · far · wieldedB · nought · feudB · dragon · allowedB · teeth · him · welled
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
WIGLAF his name was, Weohstan's son,8········
linden-thane loved, the lord of Scylfings,9/˘·······
Aelfhere's kinsman. His king he now saw9··/······
with heat under helmet hard oppressed.9····/˘·˘/
He minded the prizes his prince had given him,12·/˘·/˘···/˘·
wealthy seat of the Waegmunding line,9/˘·······
and folk-rights that his father owned8·····/˘·
Not long he lingered. The linden yellow,10···/˘·/˘/˘
his shield, he seized; the old sword he drew: --9·········
as heirloom of Eanmund earth-dwellers knew it,11·/·····/˘··
who was slain by the sword-edge, son of Ohtere,11···········
friendless exile, erst in fray7/˘/····
killed by Weohstan, who won for his kin9·········
brown-bright helmet, breastplate ringed,7··/˘/··
old sword of Eotens, Onela's gift,9·········
weeds of war of the warrior-thane,9·····/˘˘·
battle-gear brave: though a brother's child9/˘····/˘·
had been felled, the feud was unfelt by Onela.12············
For winters this war-gear Weohstan kept,9·/˘······
breastplate and board, till his bairn had grown9/········
earlship to earn as the old sire did:10·······/˘·
then he gave him, mid Geats, the gear of battle,11·········/˘
portion huge, when he passed from life,8/˘······
fared aged forth. For the first time now8········
with his leader-lord the liegeman young9··/˘··/˘·
was bidden to share the shock of battle.10·/˘·····/˘
Neither softened his soul, nor the sire's bequest11/˘/˘·····˘/
weakened in war. So the worm found out9/˘·······
when once in fight the foes had met!8········
Wiglaf spake, -- and his words were sage;8········
sad in spirit, he said to his comrades: --10··/˘····/·
"I remember the time, when mead we took,10·˘/˘······
what promise we made to this prince of ours11·/˘······/˘
in the banquet-hall, to our breaker-of-rings,12··/˘··/˘/˘··
for gear of combat to give him requital,11···/˘···˘/˘
for hard-sword and helmet, if hap should bring10····/˘····
stress of this sort! Himself who chose us9····˘/···
from all his army to aid him now,9···/˘····
urged us to glory, and gave these treasures,10···/˘···/˘
because he counted us keen with the spear10···/˘·····
and hardy 'neath helm, though this hero-work10·/˘····/˘·
our leader hoped unhelped and alone10/˘/˘····˘/
to finish for us, -- folk-defender9·/˘···˘/˘
who hath got him glory greater than all men11····/˘/˘···
for daring deeds! Now the day is come9·/˘······
that our noble master has need of the might12·/˘/˘/˘·····
of warriors stout. Let us stride along10·/˘˘····˘/
the hero to help while the heat is about him12·/˘·········
glowing and grim! For God is my witness10/˘······/˘
I am far more fain the fire should seize10······/˘··
along with my lord these limbs of mine!9˘/·······
Unsuiting it seems our shields to bear10·····/˘···
homeward hence, save here we essay8/˘····˘/
to fell the foe and defend the life9·····˘/··
of the Weders' lord. I wot 'twere shame9·········
on the law of our land if alone the king12····/˘··˘/··
out of Geatish warriors woe endured10····/˘˘·˘/
and sank in the struggle! My sword and helmet,11····/˘···/˘
breastplate and board, for us both shall serve!"9/········
Through slaughter-reek strode he to succor his chieftain,12·/˘····/˘·/˘
his battle-helm bore, and brief words spake: --9·/˘······
"Beowulf dearest, do all bravely,9/˘·/˘··/˘
as in youthful days of yore thou vowedst10··/˘······
that while life should last thou wouldst let no wise10··········
thy glory droop! Now, great in deeds,8·/˘·····
atheling steadfast, with all thy strength9/˘˘/·····
shield thy life! I will stand to help thee."9·········
At the words the worm came once again,9·······˘/
murderous monster mad with rage,8/˘˘/˘···
with fire-billows flaming, its foes to seek,11·/˘/˘/˘····
the hated men. In heat-waves burned8·/˘·····
that board to the boss, and the breastplate failed10·······/··
to shelter at all the spear-thane young.9·/˘······
Yet quickly under his kinsman's shield9·/˘···/··
went eager the earl, since his own was now10·/˘·······
all burned by the blaze. The bold king again10········˘/
had mind of his glory: with might his glaive10····/˘····
was driven into the dragon's head, --9·/˘···/˘·
blow nerved by hate. But Naegling was shivered,10········/˘
broken in battle was Beowulf's sword,10/˘·/˘·/˘··
old and gray. 'Twas granted him not8····/˘··
that ever the edge of iron at all10·/˘···/˘··
could help him at strife: too strong was his hand,10··········
so the tale is told, and he tried too far10··········
with strength of stroke all swords he wielded,9·······/˘
though sturdy their steel: they steaded him nought.10·/˘···/˘··
Then for the third time thought on its feud9·········
that folk-destroyer, fire-dread dragon,10··˘/˘/˘·/˘
and rushed on the hero, where room allowed,10····/˘··˘/
battle-grim, burning; its bitter teeth9/˘·/˘·/˘·
closed on his neck, and covered him8·····/˘·
with waves of blood from his breast that welled.9·········

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Anonymous