Part XXXV

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

iambic pentameter · 58 lines · from Beowulf

'TWAS now, men say, in his sovran's needthat the earl made known his noble strain,craft and keenness and courage enduring.Heedless of harm, though his hand was burned,hardy-hearted, he helped his kinsman.A little lower the loathsome beasthe smote with sword; his steel drove inbright and burnished; that blaze beganto lose and lessen. At last the kingwielded his wits again, war-knife drew,a biting blade by his breastplate hanging,and the Weders'-helm smote that worm asunder,felled the foe, flung forth its life.So had they killed it, kinsmen both,athelings twain: thus an earl should bein danger's day! -- Of deeds of valorthis conqueror's-hour of the king was last,of his work in the world. The wound began,which that dragon-of-earth had erst inflicted,to swell and smart; and soon he foundin his breast was boiling, baleful and deep,pain of poison. The prince walked on,wise in his thought, to the wall of rock;then sat, and stared at the structure of giants,where arch of stone and steadfast columnupheld forever that hall in earth.Yet here must the hand of the henchman peerlesslave with water his winsome lord,the king and conqueror covered with blood,with struggle spent, and unspan his helmet.Beowulf spake in spite of his hurt,his mortal wound; full well he knewhis portion now was past and goneof earthly bliss, and all had fledof his file of days, and death was near:"I would fain bestow on son of minethis gear of war, were given me nowthat any heir should after me comeof my proper blood. This people I ruledfifty winters. No folk-king was there,none at all, of the neighboring clanswho war would wage me with 'warriors'-friends'and threat me with horrors. At home I bidedwhat fate might come, and I cared for mine own;feuds I sought not, nor falsely sworeever on oath. For all these things,though fatally wounded, fain am I!From the Ruler-of-Man no wrath shall seize me,when life from my frame must flee away,for killing of kinsmen! Now quickly goand gaze on that hoard 'neath the hoary rock,Wiglaf loved, now the worm lies low,sleeps, heart-sore, of his spoil bereaved.And fare in haste. I would fain beholdthe gorgeous heirlooms, golden store,have joy in the jewels and gems, lay downsoftlier for sight of this splendid hoardmy life and the lordship I long have held."

Words in this poem

craft n.
Strength; might; secret power. [AS. cr strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS., G., Sw., & Dan. kraft strength, D. kracht, Icel. kraptr; perh. originally, a drawing together, stretching, fr]
kinsman n.
A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
henchman n.
An attendant; a servant; a follower. Now chiefly used as a political cant term. [OE. hencheman, henxman; prob. fr. OE. & AS. hengest horse + E. man, and meaning, a groom. AS. hengest is akin to D. & G. hengst stallion, OHG. hengist horse, ge]
lave v. t.
To lade, dip, or pour out. [OE. laven. See Lavish.]
winsome a.
Cheerful; merry; gay; light-hearted. [AS. wynsum, fr. wynn joy; akin to OS. wunnia, OHG. wunna, wunni, G. wonne, Goth. wunan to rejoice (in unwunands sad), AS. wunian to dwell. Win, v. t., Wont, a.]
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
wage v. i.
To bind one's self; to engage.
fatally adv.
In a manner proceeding from, or determined by, fate. Bentley.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
gorgeous a.
Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XXXV is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XXXV, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xxxv.html, id L14223.

Form and metre

Part XXXV is 58 lines in a single stanza. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 80%). 90% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.2 syllables. 9 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 41% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ----A-AAB-B------------------CC---------------DD-E-E------ need · strain · enduring · burned · kinsmanA · beast · inA · beganA · kingB · drew · hangingB · asunder · life · both · be · valor · last · began · inflicted · found · deep · on · rock · giants · column · earth · peerless · lord · blood · helmetC · hurtC · knew · gone · fled · near · mine · now · come · ruled · there · clans · friends · bided · own · swore · things · iD · meD · away · goE · rock · lowE · bereaved · behold · store · down · hoard · held
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
'TWAS now, men say, in his sovran's need9······/˘·
that the earl made known his noble strain,9······/˘·
craft and keenness and courage enduring.10··/˘·/˘˘/˘
Heedless of harm, though his hand was burned,9/˘·······
hardy-hearted, he helped his kinsman.9/˘/˘···/·
A little lower the loathsome beast9·/˘/˘·/˘·
he smote with sword; his steel drove in8········
bright and burnished; that blaze began8··/˘··˘/
to lose and lessen. At last the king9···/˘····
wielded his wits again, war-knife drew,9/˘··˘/···
a biting blade by his breastplate hanging,10·/˘···/·/˘
and the Weders'-helm smote that worm asunder,11········˘/˘
felled the foe, flung forth its life.7·······
So had they killed it, kinsmen both,8········
athelings twain: thus an earl should be9·········
in danger's day! -- Of deeds of valor9·/˘····/˘
this conqueror's-hour of the king was last,11·/˘˘/˘·····
of his work in the world. The wound began,10········˘/
which that dragon-of-earth had erst inflicted,11··/˘····˘/˘
to swell and smart; and soon he found8········
in his breast was boiling, baleful and deep,10····/˘/˘··
pain of poison. The prince walked on,8··/˘····
wise in his thought, to the wall of rock;9·········
then sat, and stared at the structure of giants,11······/˘·/˘
where arch of stone and steadfast column9·····/·/˘
upheld forever that hall in earth.9˘/˘/˘····
Yet here must the hand of the henchman peerless11·······/˘/˘
lave with water his winsome lord,8··/˘·/˘·
the king and conqueror covered with blood,10···/˘˘/˘··
with struggle spent, and unspan his helmet.10·/˘·····/˘
Beowulf spake in spite of his hurt,9/˘·······
his mortal wound; full well he knew8·/˘·····
his portion now was past and gone8·/˘·····
of earthly bliss, and all had fled8·/˘·····
of his file of days, and death was near:9·········
"I would fain bestow on son of mine9···˘/····
this gear of war, were given me now9·····/˘··
that any heir should after me come9·/˘······
of my proper blood. This people I ruled10··/˘··/˘··
fifty winters. No folk-king was there,9/˘/˘·····
none at all, of the neighboring clans9·····/˘˘·
who war would wage me with 'warriors'-friends'10······/˘˘·
and threat me with horrors. At home I bided11····/˘·····
what fate might come, and I cared for mine own;10··········
feuds I sought not, nor falsely swore8·····/˘·
ever on oath. For all these things,8/˘······
though fatally wounded, fain am I!9·/˘˘/˘···
From the Ruler-of-Man no wrath shall seize me,11··/˘·······
when life from my frame must flee away,9·······˘/
for killing of kinsmen! Now quickly go10·/˘····/˘·
and gaze on that hoard 'neath the hoary rock,10·······/˘·
Wiglaf loved, now the worm lies low,8········
sleeps, heart-sore, of his spoil bereaved.8······˘/
And fare in haste. I would fain behold9·······˘/
the gorgeous heirlooms, golden store,8·/˘/·/˘·
have joy in the jewels and gems, lay down10····/˘····
softlier for sight of this splendid hoard9······/˘·
my life and the lordship I long have held."10····/˘····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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