Part XXXIII

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 142 lines · from Beowulf

"THEN he goes to his chamber, a grief-song chantsalone for his lost. Too large all seems,homestead and house. So the helmet-of-Wedershid in his heart for Herebealdwaves of woe. No way could he taketo avenge on the slayer slaughter so foul;nor e'en could he harass that hero at allwith loathing deed, though he loved him not.And so for the sorrow his soul endured,men's gladness he gave up and God's light chose.Lands and cities he left his sons(as the wealthy do) when he went from earth.There was strife and struggle 'twixt Swede and Geato'er the width of waters; war arose,hard battle-horror, when Hrethel died,and Ongentheow's offspring grewstrife-keen, bold, nor brooked o'er the seaspact of peace, but pushed their hoststo harass in hatred by Hreosnabeorh.Men of my folk for that feud had vengeance,for woful war ('tis widely known),though one of them bought it with blood of his heart,a bargain hard: for Haethcyn provedfatal that fray, for the first-of-Geats.At morn, I heard, was the murderer killedby kinsman for kinsman, with clash of sword,when Ongentheow met Eofor there.Wide split the war-helm: wan he fell,hoary Scylfing; the hand that smote himof feud was mindful, nor flinched from the death-blow.-- "For all that he gave me, my gleaming swordrepaid him at war, -- such power I wielded, --for lordly treasure: with land he entrusted me,homestead and house. He had no needfrom Swedish realm, or from Spear-Dane folk,or from men of the Gifths, to get him help, --some warrior worse for wage to buy!Ever I fought in the front of all,sole to the fore; and so shall I fightwhile I bide in life and this blade shall lastthat early and late hath loyal provedsince for my doughtiness Daeghrefn fell,slain by my hand, the Hugas' champion.Nor fared he thence to the Frisian kingwith the booty back, and breast-adornments;but, slain in struggle, that standard-bearerfell, atheling brave. Not with blade was he slain,but his bones were broken by brawny gripe,his heart-waves stilled. -- The sword-edge now,hard blade and my hand, for the hoard shall strive."Beowulf spake, and a battle-vow madehis last of all: "I have lived through manywars in my youth; now once again,old folk-defender, feud will I seek,do doughty deeds, if the dark destroyerforth from his cavern come to fight me!"Then hailed he the helmeted heroes all,for the last time greeting his liegemen dear,comrades of war: "I should carry no weapon,no sword to the serpent, if sure I knewhow, with such enemy, else my vowsI could gain as I did in Grendel's day.But fire in this fight I must fear me now,and poisonous breath; so I bring with mebreastplate and board. From the barrow's keeperno footbreadth flee I. One fight shall endour war by the wall, as Wyrd allots,all mankind's master. My mood is boldbut forbears to boast o'er this battling-flyer.-- Now abide by the barrow, ye breastplate-mailed,ye heroes in harness, which of us twainbetter from battle-rush bear his wounds.Wait ye the finish. The fight is not yours,nor meet for any but me aloneto measure might with this monster hereand play the hero. Hardily Ishall win that wealth, or war shall seize,cruel killing, your king and lord!"Up stood then with shield the sturdy champion,stayed by the strength of his single manhood,and hardy 'neath helmet his harness boreunder cleft of the cliffs: no coward's path!Soon spied by the wall that warrior chief,survivor of many a victory-fieldwhere foemen fought with furious clashings,an arch of stone; and within, a streamthat broke from the barrow. The brooklet's wavewas hot with fire. The hoard that wayhe never could hope unharmed to near,or endure those deeps, for the dragon's flame.Then let from his breast, for he burst with rage,the Weder-Geat prince a word outgo;stormed the stark-heart; stern went ringingand clear his cry 'neath the cliff-rocks gray.The hoard-guard heard a human voice;his rage was enkindled. No respite nowfor pact of peace! The poison-breathof that foul worm first came forth from the cave,hot reek-of-fight: the rocks resounded.Stout by the stone-way his shield he raised,lord of the Geats, against the loathed-one;while with courage keen that coiled foecame seeking strife. The sturdy kinghad drawn his sword, not dull of edge,heirloom old; and each of the twofelt fear of his foe, though fierce their mood.Stoutly stood with his shield high-raisedthe warrior king, as the worm now coiledtogether amain: the mailed-one waited.Now, spire by spire, fast sped and glidedthat blazing serpent. The shield protected,soul and body a shorter whilefor the hero-king than his heart desired,could his will have wielded the welcome respitebut once in his life! But Wyrd denied it,and victory's honors. -- His arm he liftedlord of the Geats, the grim foe smotewith atheling's heirloom. Its edge was turnedbrown blade, on the bone, and bit more feeblythan its noble master had need of thenin his baleful stress. -- Then the barrow's keeperwaxed full wild for that weighty blow,cast deadly flames; wide drove and farthose vicious fires. No victor's glorythe Geats' lord boasted; his brand had failed,naked in battle, as never it should,excellent iron! -- 'Twas no easy paththat Ecgtheow's honored heir must treadover the plain to the place of the foe;for against his will he must win a homeelsewhere far, as must all men, leavingthis lapsing life! -- Not long it wasere those champions grimly closed again.The hoard-guard was heartened; high heaved his breastonce more; and by peril was pressed again,enfolded in flames, the folk-commander!Nor yet about him his band of comrades,sons of athelings, armed stoodwith warlike front: to the woods they bent them,their lives to save. But the soul of onewith care was cumbered. Kinship truecan never be marred in a noble mind!

Words in this poem 35
slayer n.
One who slays; a killer; a murderer; a destrroyer of life.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
swede n.
A native or inhabitant of Sweden. [Cf. G. Schwede.]
geat n.
The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [See Gate a door.]
pact n.
An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract, fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten, Gr. paca bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
woful a.
Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad.
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
kinsman n.
A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
mindful a.
Bearing in mind; regardful; attentive; heedful; observant.
dane n.
A native, or a naturalized inhabitant, of Denmark. Great Dane. [LL. Dani: cf. AS. Dene.]
wage v. i.
To bind one's self; to engage.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
bide v. i.
To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay. [OE. biden, AS. bidan; akin to OHG. bitan, Goth. beidan, Icel. bi; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin to bid. See Bid, v. t., and cf. Abide.]
doughtiness n.
The quality of being doughty; valor; bravery.
frisian a.
Of or pertaining to Friesland, a province of the Netherlands; Friesic.
atheling n.
An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and Ætheling.] [AS. æ noble, fr. æ noble, akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The word æ, E. ethel, is in many AS. proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bo]
brawny a.
Having large, strong muscles; muscular; fleshy; strong.
doughty a.
Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; as, a doughty hero.
helmeted a.
Wearing a helmet; furnished with or having a helmet or helmet- shaped part; galeate.
footbreadth n.
The breadth of a foot; -- used as a measure.
mailed a.
Protected by an external coat, or covering, of scales or plates.
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
stayed a.
Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See Staid.
survivor n.
One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event, or thing.
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
outgo v. t.
To go beyond; to exceed in swiftness; to surpass; to outdo.
stoutly adv.
In a stout manner; lustily; boldly; obstinately; as, he stoutly defended himself.
amain adv.
With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
grimly a.
Grim; hideous; stern.
kinship n.
Family relationship.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XXXIII is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XXXIII, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xxxiii.html, id L14221.

Form and metre

Part XXXIII is 142 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 76%). 87% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.4 syllables. 25 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 46% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---------A---A-----------------BCB--C-----D---D----------------------------------------------------------E--EE---FF--------------------------- chants · seems · weders · herebeald · take · foul · all · not · endured · choseA · sons · earth · geat · aroseA · died · grew · seas · hosts · hreosnabeorh · vengeance · known · heart · proved · geats · killed · sword · there · fell · him · blow · sword · wieldedB · meC · needB · folk · help · buyC · all · fight · last · proved · fell · championD · king · adornments · bearer · slainD · gripe · now · strive · made · many · again · seek · destroyer · me · all · dear · weapon · knew · vows · day · now · me · keeper · end · allots · bold · flyer · mailed · twain · wounds · yours · alone · here · i · seize · lord · champion · manhood · bore · path · chief · field · clashings · stream · wave · way · near · flame · rage · outgo · ringing · gray · voice · now · breath · cave · resounded · raised · one · foe · king · edge · two · moodE · raised · coiled · waitedE · glidedE · protected · while · desired · respiteF · itF · lifted · smote · turned · feebly · then · keeper · blow · far · glory · failed · should · path · tread · foe · home · leaving · was · again · breast · again · commander · comrades · stood · them · one · true · mind
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
"THEN he goes to his chamber, a grief-song chants11·····/˘····
alone for his lost. Too large all seems,9˘/·······
homestead and house. So the helmet-of-Weders11/·····/˘···
hid in his heart for Herebeald8········
waves of woe. No way could he take8········
to avenge on the slayer slaughter so foul;11·˘/··/˘/˘··
nor e'en could he harass that hero at all11····˘/·/˘··
with loathing deed, though he loved him not.9·/˘······
And so for the sorrow his soul endured,10····/˘··˘/
men's gladness he gave up and God's light chose.10·/˘·······
Lands and cities he left his sons8··/˘····
(as the wealthy do) when he went from earth.10··/˘······
There was strife and struggle 'twixt Swede and Geat10····/˘····
o'er the width of waters; war arose,9····/˘·˘/
hard battle-horror, when Hrethel died,9·/˘/˘····
and Ongentheow's offspring grew7····/··
strife-keen, bold, nor brooked o'er the seas8········
pact of peace, but pushed their hosts7·······
to harass in hatred by Hreosnabeorh.10·˘/·/˘····
Men of my folk for that feud had vengeance,10········/˘
for woful war ('tis widely known),8·····/˘·
though one of them bought it with blood of his heart,11···········
a bargain hard: for Haethcyn proved8·/˘·····
fatal that fray, for the first-of-Geats.9/˘·······
At morn, I heard, was the murderer killed10······/˘˘·
by kinsman for kinsman, with clash of sword,10·/··/·····
when Ongentheow met Eofor there.8········
Wide split the war-helm: wan he fell,8········
hoary Scylfing; the hand that smote him9/˘·······
of feud was mindful, nor flinched from the death-blow.11···/˘······
-- "For all that he gave me, my gleaming sword10·······/˘·
repaid him at war, -- such power I wielded, --11˘/····/˘·/˘
for lordly treasure: with land he entrusted me,12·/˘/˘···˘/˘·
homestead and house. He had no need8/·······
from Swedish realm, or from Spear-Dane folk,9·/˘······
or from men of the Gifths, to get him help, --10··········
some warrior worse for wage to buy!9·/˘˘·····
Ever I fought in the front of all,9/˘·······
sole to the fore; and so shall I fight9·········
while I bide in life and this blade shall last10··········
that early and late hath loyal proved9·/˘···/˘·
since for my doughtiness Daeghrefn fell,9···/˘˘···
slain by my hand, the Hugas' champion.10·······/˘˘
Nor fared he thence to the Frisian king9······/˘·
with the booty back, and breast-adornments;10··/˘···˘/˘
but, slain in struggle, that standard-bearer10···/˘·/˘/˘
fell, atheling brave. Not with blade was he slain,11·/˘˘·······
but his bones were broken by brawny gripe,10····/˘·/˘·
his heart-waves stilled. -- The sword-edge now,8········
hard blade and my hand, for the hoard shall strive."10··········
Beowulf spake, and a battle-vow made10/˘····/˘··
his last of all: "I have lived through many10········/˘
wars in my youth; now once again,8······˘/
old folk-defender, feud will I seek,9··˘/˘····
do doughty deeds, if the dark destroyer10·/˘····˘/˘
forth from his cavern come to fight me!"9···/˘····
Then hailed he the helmeted heroes all,10····/˘˘/˘·
for the last time greeting his liegemen dear,11····/˘·····
comrades of war: "I should carry no weapon,11/·····/˘·/˘
no sword to the serpent, if sure I knew10····/˘····
how, with such enemy, else my vows9···/˘˘···
I could gain as I did in Grendel's day.10·······/˘·
But fire in this fight I must fear me now,11·/˘········
and poisonous breath; so I bring with me10·/˘˘······
breastplate and board. From the barrow's keeper10/·····/˘/˘
no footbreadth flee I. One fight shall end9·/˘······
our war by the wall, as Wyrd allots,10/˘······˘/
all mankind's master. My mood is bold9·///˘····
but forbears to boast o'er this battling-flyer.12·······/˘˘/˘
-- Now abide by the barrow, ye breastplate-mailed,11·˘/··/˘·/··
ye heroes in harness, which of us twain10·/˘·/˘····
better from battle-rush bear his wounds.9/˘·/˘····
Wait ye the finish. The fight is not yours,10···/˘·····
nor meet for any but me alone9···/˘··˘/
to measure might with this monster here9·/˘···/˘·
and play the hero. Hardily I9···/˘/˘˘·
shall win that wealth, or war shall seize,8········
cruel killing, your king and lord!"8/˘/˘····
Up stood then with shield the sturdy champion,11······/˘/˘˘
stayed by the strength of his single manhood,10······/˘/·
and hardy 'neath helmet his harness bore10·/˘·/˘·/˘·
under cleft of the cliffs: no coward's path!10·······/˘·
Soon spied by the wall that warrior chief,10······/˘˘·
survivor of many a victory-field11˘/˘·/˘·/˘˘·
where foemen fought with furious clashings,10·····/˘˘/˘
an arch of stone; and within, a stream9·········
that broke from the barrow. The brooklet's wave10····/˘····
was hot with fire. The hoard that way9···/˘····
he never could hope unharmed to near,9·/˘··˘/··
or endure those deeps, for the dragon's flame.10·˘/····/˘·
Then let from his breast, for he burst with rage,10··········
the Weder-Geat prince a word outgo;9·/˘····/·
stormed the stark-heart; stern went ringing8······/˘
and clear his cry 'neath the cliff-rocks gray.9·········
The hoard-guard heard a human voice;8·····/˘·
his rage was enkindled. No respite now9······/˘·
for pact of peace! The poison-breath8·····/˘·
of that foul worm first came forth from the cave,10··········
hot reek-of-fight: the rocks resounded.9·······/˘
Stout by the stone-way his shield he raised,9·········
lord of the Geats, against the loathed-one;9·········
while with courage keen that coiled foe8··/˘····
came seeking strife. The sturdy king8·/˘··/˘·
had drawn his sword, not dull of edge,8········
heirloom old; and each of the two8/·······
felt fear of his foe, though fierce their mood.9·········
Stoutly stood with his shield high-raised8/˘······
the warrior king, as the worm now coiled10·/˘˘······
together amain: the mailed-one waited.10˘/˘˘/···/˘
Now, spire by spire, fast sped and glided9·······/˘
that blazing serpent. The shield protected,10·/˘/˘··˘/˘
soul and body a shorter while8··/˘·/˘·
for the hero-king than his heart desired,11··/˘····˘/˘
could his will have wielded the welcome respite11····/˘·/˘/˘
but once in his life! But Wyrd denied it,10·······˘/·
and victory's honors. -- His arm he lifted11·/˘˘/˘···/˘
lord of the Geats, the grim foe smote8········
with atheling's heirloom. Its edge was turned10····/·····
brown blade, on the bone, and bit more feebly10········/˘
than its noble master had need of then10··/˘/˘····
in his baleful stress. -- Then the barrow's keeper11··/˘···/˘/˘
waxed full wild for that weighty blow,8·····/˘·
cast deadly flames; wide drove and far8·/˘·····
those vicious fires. No victor's glory10·/˘/˘·/˘/˘
the Geats' lord boasted; his brand had failed,9···/˘····
naked in battle, as never it should,10/˘·/˘·/˘··
excellent iron! -- 'Twas no easy path10/˘˘/˘··/˘·
that Ecgtheow's honored heir must tread8···/˘···
over the plain to the place of the foe;10··········
for against his will he must win a home10··········
elsewhere far, as must all men, leaving9/······/˘
this lapsing life! -- Not long it was8·/˘·····
ere those champions grimly closed again.10··/˘˘/˘·˘/
The hoard-guard was heartened; high heaved his breast10····/˘····
once more; and by peril was pressed again,10····/˘··˘/
enfolded in flames, the folk-commander!10˘/˘····˘/˘
Nor yet about him his band of comrades,10········/·
sons of athelings, armed stood7·······
with warlike front: to the woods they bent them,10·/········
their lives to save. But the soul of one9·········
with care was cumbered. Kinship true8···/˘/··
can never be marred in a noble mind!10·/˘····/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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