Part XXII
BEOWULF spake, bairn of Ecgtheow: --"Have mind, thou honored offspring of Healfdenegold-friend of men, now I go on this quest,sovran wise, what once was said:if in thy cause it came that Ishould lose my life, thou wouldst loyal bideto me, though fallen, in father's place!Be guardian, thou, to this group of my thanes,my warrior-friends, if War should seize me;and the goodly gifts thou gavest me,Hrothgar beloved, to Hygelac send!Geatland's king may ken by the gold,Hrethel's son see, when he stares at the treasure,that I got me a friend for goodness famed,and joyed while I could in my jewel-bestower.And let Unferth wield this wondrous sword,earl far-honored, this heirloom precious,hard of edge: with Hrunting Iseek doom of glory, or Death shall take me."
After these words the Weder-Geat lordboldly hastened, biding neveranswer at all: the ocean floodsclosed o'er the hero. Long while of the dayfled ere he felt the floor of the sea.
Soon found the fiend who the flood-domainsword-hungry held these hundred winters,greedy and grim, that some guest from above,some man, was raiding her monster-realm.She grasped out for him with grisly claws,and the warrior seized; yet scathed she nothis body hale; the breastplate hindered,as she strove to shatter the sark of war,the linked harness, with loathsome hand.Then bore this brine-wolf, when bottom she touched,the lord of rings to the lair she hauntedwhiles vainly he strove, though his valor held,weapon to wield against wondrous monstersthat sore beset him; sea-beasts manytried with fierce tusks to tear his mail,and swarmed on the stranger. But soon he markedhe was now in some hall, he knew not which,where water never could work him harm,nor through the roof could reach him everfangs of the flood. Firelight he saw,beams of a blaze that brightly shone.Then the warrior was ware of that wolf-of-the-deep,mere-wife monstrous. For mighty strokehe swung his blade, and the blow withheld not.Then sang on her head that seemly bladeits war-song wild. But the warrior foundthe light-of-battle was loath to bite,to harm the heart: its hard edge failedthe noble at need, yet had known of oldstrife hand to hand, and had helmets cloven,doomed men's fighting-gear. First time, this,for the gleaming blade that its glory fell.Firm still stood, nor failed in valor,heedful of high deeds, Hygelac's kinsman;flung away fretted sword, featly jewelled,the angry earl; on earth it laysteel-edged and stiff. His strength he trusted,hand-gripe of might. So man shall dowhenever in war he weens to earn himlasting fame, nor fears for his life!Seized then by shoulder, shrank not from combat,the Geatish war-prince Grendel's mother.Flung then the fierce one, filled with wrath,his deadly foe, that she fell to ground.Swift on her part she paid him backwith grisly grasp, and grappled with him.Spent with struggle, stumbled the warrior,fiercest of fighting-men, fell adown.On the hall-guest she hurled herself, hent her short sword,broad and brown-edged, the bairn to avenge,the sole-born son. -- On his shoulder laybraided breast-mail, barring death,withstanding entrance of edge or blade.Life would have ended for Ecgtheow's son,under wide earth for that earl of Geats,had his armor of war not aided him,battle-net hard, and holy Godwielded the victory, wisest Maker.The Lord of Heaven allowed his cause;and easily rose the earl erect.
Words in this poem 20
- sovran a.
- A variant of Sovereign.
- bide v. i.
- To dwell; to inhabit; to abide; to stay. [OE. biden, AS. bidan; akin to OHG. bitan, Goth. beidan, Icel. bi; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin to bid. See Bid, v. t., and cf. Abide.]
- goodly a.
- Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
- wield v. t.
- To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess. [OE. welden to govern, to have power over, to possess, AS. geweldan, gewyldan, from wealdan; akin to OS. waldan, OFries. walda, G. walten, OHG. waltan, Icel. val]
- wondrous adv.
- In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- geat n.
- The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [See Gate a door.]
- boldly adv.
- In a bold manner. [AS. bealdlice.]
- biding n.
- Residence; habitation. Rowe.
- sark v. t.
- To cover with sarking, or thin boards.
- lair n.
- A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a wild beast. [OE. leir, AS. leger; akin to D. leger, G. lager couch, lair, OHG. laga, Goth. ligrs, and to E. lie. See Lie to be prostrate, and cf. Layer, Leaguer.]
- haunted a.
- Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
- whiles conj.
- During the time that; while. Chaucer. Fuller.
- loath a.
- Hateful; odious; disliked. [OE. looth, loth, AS. la hostile, odious; akin to OS. l, G. leid, Icel. lei, Sw. led, G. leiden to suffer, OHG. lidan to suffer, go, cf. AS. li to go, Goth. leip]
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- kinsman n.
- A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
- featly adv.
- Neatly; dexterously; nimbly. [From Feat, a.]
- angry a.
- Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
- adown adv.
- From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
- hent v. t.
- To seize; to lay hold on; to catch; to get. Piers Plowman. [OE. hente, henten, fr. AS. hentan, gehentan, to pursue, take, seize; cf. Icel. henda, Goth. hinpan (in compos.), and E. hunt.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Part XXII is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Anonymous, Part XXII, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xxii.html, id L14210.
Form and metre
Part XXII is 84 lines in 3 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is trochaic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 71%). 89% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.2 syllables. 18 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 31% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in trochaic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ----A---BB-------AB ecgtheow · healfdene · quest · said · iA · bide · place · thanes · meB · meB · send · gold · treasure · famed · bestower · sword · precious · iA · meB
- 3 -A--A------------------------------------------------------- domain · wintersA · above · realm · clawsA · not · hindered · war · hand · touched · haunted · held · monsters · many · mail · marked · which · harm · ever · saw · shone · deep · stroke · not · blade · found · bite · failed · old · cloven · this · fell · valor · kinsman · jewelled · lay · trusted · do · him · life · combat · mother · wrath · ground · back · him · warrior · adown · sword · avenge · lay · death · blade · son · geats · him · god · maker · cause · erect
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| BEOWULF spake, bairn of Ecgtheow: -- | 8 | /˘······ |
| "Have mind, thou honored offspring of Healfdene | 10 | ···/˘/···· |
| gold-friend of men, now I go on this quest, | 10 | ·········· |
| sovran wise, what once was said: | 7 | /˘····· |
| if in thy cause it came that I | 8 | ········ |
| should lose my life, thou wouldst loyal bide | 9 | ······/˘· |
| to me, though fallen, in father's place! | 9 | ···/˘·/˘· |
| Be guardian, thou, to this group of my thanes, | 11 | ·/˘˘······· |
| my warrior-friends, if War should seize me; | 10 | ·/˘˘······ |
| and the goodly gifts thou gavest me, | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| Hrothgar beloved, to Hygelac send! | 9 | ··˘/····· |
| Geatland's king may ken by the gold, | 8 | ········ |
| Hrethel's son see, when he stares at the treasure, | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| that I got me a friend for goodness famed, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| and joyed while I could in my jewel-bestower. | 12 | ·······/˘˘/˘ |
| And let Unferth wield this wondrous sword, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| earl far-honored, this heirloom precious, | 9 | ··/˘·/·/˘ |
| hard of edge: with Hrunting I | 7 | ······· |
| seek doom of glory, or Death shall take me." | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| After these words the Weder-Geat lord | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| boldly hastened, biding never | 8 | /˘/˘/˘/˘ |
| answer at all: the ocean floods | 8 | /˘···/˘· |
| closed o'er the hero. Long while of the day | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| fled ere he felt the floor of the sea. | 9 | ········· |
| Soon found the fiend who the flood-domain | 9 | ·······˘/ |
| sword-hungry held these hundred winters, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| greedy and grim, that some guest from above, | 10 | /˘········ |
| some man, was raiding her monster-realm. | 9 | ···/˘·/˘· |
| She grasped out for him with grisly claws, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| and the warrior seized; yet scathed she not | 10 | ··/˘˘····· |
| his body hale; the breastplate hindered, | 9 | ·/˘··/·/˘ |
| as she strove to shatter the sark of war, | 10 | ····/˘···· |
| the linked harness, with loathsome hand. | 8 | ··/˘·/˘· |
| Then bore this brine-wolf, when bottom she touched, | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| the lord of rings to the lair she haunted | 10 | ········/˘ |
| whiles vainly he strove, though his valor held, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| weapon to wield against wondrous monsters | 10 | /˘····/˘/˘ |
| that sore beset him; sea-beasts many | 9 | ··˘/···/˘ |
| tried with fierce tusks to tear his mail, | 8 | ········ |
| and swarmed on the stranger. But soon he marked | 10 | ····/˘···· |
| he was now in some hall, he knew not which, | 10 | ·········· |
| where water never could work him harm, | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| nor through the roof could reach him ever | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| fangs of the flood. Firelight he saw, | 9 | ········· |
| beams of a blaze that brightly shone. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Then the warrior was ware of that wolf-of-the-deep, | 13 | ··/˘˘········ |
| mere-wife monstrous. For mighty stroke | 8 | ··/˘·/˘· |
| he swung his blade, and the blow withheld not. | 10 | ·······˘/· |
| Then sang on her head that seemly blade | 9 | ······/˘· |
| its war-song wild. But the warrior found | 10 | ······/˘˘· |
| the light-of-battle was loath to bite, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| to harm the heart: its hard edge failed | 8 | ········ |
| the noble at need, yet had known of old | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| strife hand to hand, and had helmets cloven, | 10 | ······/˘/˘ |
| doomed men's fighting-gear. First time, this, | 8 | ··/˘···· |
| for the gleaming blade that its glory fell. | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| Firm still stood, nor failed in valor, | 8 | ······/˘ |
| heedful of high deeds, Hygelac's kinsman; | 10 | /˘······/· |
| flung away fretted sword, featly jewelled, | 10 | ·˘//˘·/˘/˘ |
| the angry earl; on earth it lay | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| steel-edged and stiff. His strength he trusted, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| hand-gripe of might. So man shall do | 8 | ········ |
| whenever in war he weens to earn him | 10 | ˘/˘······· |
| lasting fame, nor fears for his life! | 8 | /˘······ |
| Seized then by shoulder, shrank not from combat, | 10 | ···/˘···/˘ |
| the Geatish war-prince Grendel's mother. | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Flung then the fierce one, filled with wrath, | 8 | ········ |
| his deadly foe, that she fell to ground. | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| Swift on her part she paid him back | 8 | ········ |
| with grisly grasp, and grappled with him. | 9 | ·/˘··/˘·· |
| Spent with struggle, stumbled the warrior, | 10 | ··/˘/˘·/˘˘ |
| fiercest of fighting-men, fell adown. | 9 | /˘·/˘··˘/ |
| On the hall-guest she hurled herself, hent her short sword, | 12 | ······˘/···· |
| broad and brown-edged, the bairn to avenge, | 9 | ·······˘/ |
| the sole-born son. -- On his shoulder lay | 9 | ······/˘· |
| braided breast-mail, barring death, | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| withstanding entrance of edge or blade. | 9 | ˘/˘/˘···· |
| Life would have ended for Ecgtheow's son, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| under wide earth for that earl of Geats, | 9 | ········· |
| had his armor of war not aided him, | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| battle-net hard, and holy God | 8 | /˘···/˘· |
| wielded the victory, wisest Maker. | 10 | /˘·/˘˘/˘/˘ |
| The Lord of Heaven allowed his cause; | 9 | ···/˘˘/·· |
| and easily rose the earl erect. | 9 | ·/˘˘···˘/ |
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