Part XXIII
'MID the battle-gear saw he a blade triumphant,old-sword of Eotens, with edge of proof,warriors' heirloom, weapon unmatched,-- save only 'twas more than other mento bandy-of-battle could bear at all --as the giants had wrought it, ready and keen.Seized then its chain-hilt the Scyldings' chieftain,bold and battle-grim, brandished the sword,reckless of life, and so wrathfully smotethat it gripped her neck and grasped her hard,her bone-rings breaking: the blade pierced throughthat fated-one's flesh: to floor she sank.Bloody the blade: he was blithe of his deed.Then blazed forth light. 'Twas bright withinas when from the sky there shines uncloudedheaven's candle. The hall he scanned.By the wall then went he; his weapon raisedhigh by its hilts the Hygelac-thane,angry and eager. That edge was not uselessto the warrior now. He wished with speedGrendel to guerdon for grim raids many,for the war he waged on Western-Danesoftener far than an only time,when of Hrothgar's hearth-companionshe slew in slumber, in sleep devoured,fifteen men of the folk of Danes,and as many others outward bore,his horrible prey. Well paid for thatthe wrathful prince! For now prone he sawGrendel stretched there, spent with war,spoiled of life, so scathed had left himHeorot's battle. The body sprang farwhen after death it endured the blow,sword-stroke savage, that severed its head.Soon, then, saw the sage companionswho waited with Hrothgar, watching the flood,that the tossing waters turbid grew,blood-stained the mere. Old men together,hoary-haired, of the hero spake;the warrior would not, they weened, again,proud of conquest, come to seektheir mighty master. To many it seemedthe wolf-of-the-waves had won his life.The ninth hour came. The noble Scyldingsleft the headland; homeward wentthe gold-friend of men. But the guests sat on,stared at the surges, sick in heart,and wished, yet weened not, their winsome lordagain to see.
Now that sword began,from blood of the fight, in battle-droppings,war-blade, to wane: 'twas a wondrous thingthat all of it melted as ice is wontwhen frosty fetters the Father loosens,unwinds the wave-bonds, wielding allseasons and times: the true God he!Nor took from that dwelling the duke of the Geatssave only the head and that hilt withalblazoned with jewels: the blade had melted,burned was the bright sword, her blood was so hot,so poisoned the hell-sprite who perished within there.Soon he was swimming who safe saw in combatdownfall of demons; up-dove through the flood.The clashing waters were cleansed now,waste of waves, where the wandering fiendher life-days left and this lapsing world.Swam then to strand the sailors'-refuge,sturdy-in-spirit, of sea-booty glad,of burden brave he bore with him.Went then to greet him, and God they thanked,the thane-band choice of their chieftain blithe,that safe and sound they could see him again.Soon from the hardy one helmet and armordeftly they doffed: now drowsed the mere,water 'neath welkin, with war-blood stained.Forth they fared by the footpaths thence,merry at heart the highways measured,well-known roads. Courageous mencarried the head from the cliff by the sea,an arduous task for all the band,the firm in fight, since four were neededon the shaft-of-slaughter strenuouslyto bear to the gold-hall Grendel's head.So presently to the palace therefoemen fearless, fourteen Geats,marching came. Their master-of-clanmighty amid them the meadow-ways trod.Strode then within the sovran thanefearless in fight, of fame renowned,hardy hero, Hrothgar to greet.And next by the hair into hall was borneGrendel's head, where the henchmen were drinking,an awe to clan and queen alike,a monster of marvel: the men looked on.
Words in this poem 21
- blithe a.
- Gay; merry; sprightly; joyous; glad; cheerful; as, a blithe spirit. [AS. bli blithe, kind; akin to Goth. blei kind, Icel. bli mild, gentle, Dan. & Sw. blid gentle, D. blijd blithe, OHG. blidi kind, blithe.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- angry a.
- Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
- guerdon n.
- A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad sense. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + lon reward, G. lo]
- folk n.
- In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
- wrathful a.
- Full of wrath; very angry; greatly incensed; ireful; passionate; as, a wrathful man.
- hoary a.
- White or whitish."The hoary willows."
- homeward a.
- Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
- winsome a.
- Cheerful; merry; gay; light-hearted. [AS. wynsum, fr. wynn joy; akin to OS. wunnia, OHG. wunna, wunni, G. wonne, Goth. wunan to rejoice (in unwunands sad), AS. wunian to dwell. Win, v. t., Wont, a.]
- wondrous adv.
- In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
- wielding n.
- Power; authority; rule.
- duke n.
- A leader; a chief; a prince. [F. duc, fr. L. dux, ducis, leader, commander, fr. ducere to lead; akin to AS. teón to draw; cf. AS. heretoga (here army) an army leader, general, G. herzog duke]
- withal adv.
- With this; with that. [With + all.]
- sprite n.
- A spirit; a soul; a shade; also, an apparition. See Spright. [OE. sprit, F. esprit, fr. L. spiritus. See Spirit, and cf. Sprightly.]
- downfall n.
- A sudden fall; a body of things falling.
- deftly adv.
- Aptly; fitly; dexterously; neatly. [Cf. Defly.]
- welkin n.
- The visible regions of the air; the vault of heaven; the sky. [OE. welken, welkene, welkne, wolcne, weolcne, AS. wolcen, pl. wolcnu, a cloud; akin to D. wolk, OFries. wolken, OS. wolkan, G. wolke, OHG. wolchan, and probably]
- arduous a.
- Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb. [L. arduus steep, high; akin to Ir. ard high, height.]
- presently adv.
- At present; at this time; now.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- sovran a.
- A variant of Sovereign.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Part XXIII is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Anonymous, Part XXIII, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xxiii.html, id L14211.
Form and metre
Part XXIII is 94 lines in 2 stanzas. The metre is trochaic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 71%). 86% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.1 syllables. 18 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 37% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in trochaic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ---A-AA--------------B-B-BC--C------------------- triumphant · proof · unmatched · menA · all · keenA · chieftainA · sword · smote · hard · through · sank · deed · within · unclouded · scanned · raised · thane · useless · speed · many · danesB · time · companionsB · devoured · danesB · boreC · that · saw · warC · him · far · blow · head · companions · flood · grew · together · spake · again · seek · seemed · life · scyldings · went · on · heart · lord · see
- 2 -----A--ABC-CB-----------------D-D----------- began · droppings · thing · wont · loosens · allA · he · geats · withalA · meltedB · hotC · there · combatC · floodB · now · fiend · world · refuge · glad · him · thanked · blithe · again · armor · mere · stained · thence · measured · men · sea · band · neededD · strenuously · headD · there · geats · clan · trod · thane · renowned · greet · borne · drinking · alike · on
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| 'MID the battle-gear saw he a blade triumphant, | 12 | ··/˘·····˘/˘ |
| old-sword of Eotens, with edge of proof, | 9 | ········· |
| warriors' heirloom, weapon unmatched, | 9 | /˘˘/·/˘˘/ |
| -- save only 'twas more than other men | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| to bandy-of-battle could bear at all -- | 10 | ·/˘·/˘···· |
| as the giants had wrought it, ready and keen. | 11 | ··/˘···/˘·· |
| Seized then its chain-hilt the Scyldings' chieftain, | 10 | ········/˘ |
| bold and battle-grim, brandished the sword, | 9 | ··/˘·/˘·· |
| reckless of life, and so wrathfully smote | 10 | /˘········ |
| that it gripped her neck and grasped her hard, | 9 | ········· |
| her bone-rings breaking: the blade pierced through | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| that fated-one's flesh: to floor she sank. | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| Bloody the blade: he was blithe of his deed. | 10 | /˘········ |
| Then blazed forth light. 'Twas bright within | 8 | ········ |
| as when from the sky there shines unclouded | 10 | ·········· |
| heaven's candle. The hall he scanned. | 8 | /˘/˘···· |
| By the wall then went he; his weapon raised | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| high by its hilts the Hygelac-thane, | 9 | ········· |
| angry and eager. That edge was not useless | 11 | /˘·/˘····/˘ |
| to the warrior now. He wished with speed | 10 | ··/˘˘····· |
| Grendel to guerdon for grim raids many, | 10 | /˘·/˘···/˘ |
| for the war he waged on Western-Danes | 9 | ······/˘· |
| oftener far than an only time, | 9 | /˘˘···/˘· |
| when of Hrothgar's hearth-companions | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| he slew in slumber, in sleep devoured, | 10 | ···/˘··˘/˘ |
| fifteen men of the folk of Danes, | 8 | ˘/······ |
| and as many others outward bore, | 9 | ··/˘/˘/˘· |
| his horrible prey. Well paid for that | 9 | ·/˘˘····· |
| the wrathful prince! For now prone he saw | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| Grendel stretched there, spent with war, | 7 | /˘····· |
| spoiled of life, so scathed had left him | 8 | ········ |
| Heorot's battle. The body sprang far | 9 | ··/˘·/˘·· |
| when after death it endured the blow, | 9 | ·····˘/·· |
| sword-stroke savage, that severed its head. | 9 | ··/˘·/˘·· |
| Soon, then, saw the sage companions | 8 | ·····˘/˘ |
| who waited with Hrothgar, watching the flood, | 10 | ·/˘···/˘·· |
| that the tossing waters turbid grew, | 9 | ··/˘/˘/˘· |
| blood-stained the mere. Old men together, | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| hoary-haired, of the hero spake; | 8 | /˘···/˘· |
| the warrior would not, they weened, again, | 10 | ·/˘˘····˘/ |
| proud of conquest, come to seek | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| their mighty master. To many it seemed | 10 | ·/˘/˘·/˘·· |
| the wolf-of-the-waves had won his life. | 9 | ········· |
| The ninth hour came. The noble Scyldings | 10 | ··/˘··/˘·· |
| left the headland; homeward went | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| the gold-friend of men. But the guests sat on, | 10 | ·········· |
| stared at the surges, sick in heart, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| and wished, yet weened not, their winsome lord | 9 | ······/˘· |
| again to see. | 4 | ˘/·· |
| Now that sword began, | 5 | ···˘/ |
| from blood of the fight, in battle-droppings, | 10 | ······/˘/˘ |
| war-blade, to wane: 'twas a wondrous thing | 9 | ······/˘· |
| that all of it melted as ice is wont | 10 | ····/˘···· |
| when frosty fetters the Father loosens, | 10 | ·/˘/˘·/˘/˘ |
| unwinds the wave-bonds, wielding all | 8 | ˘/···/˘· |
| seasons and times: the true God he! | 8 | /˘······ |
| Nor took from that dwelling the duke of the Geats | 11 | ····/˘····· |
| save only the head and that hilt withal | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| blazoned with jewels: the blade had melted, | 10 | ···/˘···/˘ |
| burned was the bright sword, her blood was so hot, | 10 | ·········· |
| so poisoned the hell-sprite who perished within there. | 12 | ·/˘····/˘··· |
| Soon he was swimming who safe saw in combat | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| downfall of demons; up-dove through the flood. | 10 | /··/˘····· |
| The clashing waters were cleansed now, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| waste of waves, where the wandering fiend | 9 | ·····/˘˘· |
| her life-days left and this lapsing world. | 9 | ······/˘· |
| Swam then to strand the sailors'-refuge, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| sturdy-in-spirit, of sea-booty glad, | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| of burden brave he bore with him. | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Went then to greet him, and God they thanked, | 9 | ········· |
| the thane-band choice of their chieftain blithe, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| that safe and sound they could see him again. | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Soon from the hardy one helmet and armor | 11 | ···/˘·/˘·/˘ |
| deftly they doffed: now drowsed the mere, | 8 | /˘······ |
| water 'neath welkin, with war-blood stained. | 9 | /˘·/˘···· |
| Forth they fared by the footpaths thence, | 8 | ·····/·· |
| merry at heart the highways measured, | 9 | /˘···/·/˘ |
| well-known roads. Courageous men | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| carried the head from the cliff by the sea, | 10 | /˘········ |
| an arduous task for all the band, | 9 | ·/˘˘····· |
| the firm in fight, since four were needed | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| on the shaft-of-slaughter strenuously | 10 | ····/˘/˘˘˘ |
| to bear to the gold-hall Grendel's head. | 9 | ······/˘· |
| So presently to the palace there | 9 | ·/˘˘··/˘· |
| foemen fearless, fourteen Geats, | 7 | ··/˘//· |
| marching came. Their master-of-clan | 8 | /˘··/˘·· |
| mighty amid them the meadow-ways trod. | 10 | /˘˘/··/··· |
| Strode then within the sovran thane | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| fearless in fight, of fame renowned, | 8 | /˘····˘/ |
| hardy hero, Hrothgar to greet. | 8 | /˘/˘···· |
| And next by the hair into hall was borne | 10 | ·········· |
| Grendel's head, where the henchmen were drinking, | 10 | /˘···/˘·/˘ |
| an awe to clan and queen alike, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| a monster of marvel: the men looked on. | 10 | ·/˘·/˘···· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.