Part XXI
BEOWULF spake, bairn of Ecgtheow:"Sorrow not, sage! It beseems us betterfriends to avenge than fruitlessly mourn them.Each of us all must his end abidein the ways of the world; so win who mayglory ere death! When his days are told,that is the warrior's worthiest doom.Rise, O realm-warder! Ride we anon,and mark the trail of the mother of Grendel.No harbor shall hide her -- heed my promise! --enfolding of field or forested mountainor floor of the flood, let her flee where she will!But thou this day endure in patience,as I ween thou wilt, thy woes each one."Leaped up the graybeard: God he thanked,mighty Lord, for the man's brave words.For Hrothgar soon a horse was saddledwave-maned steed. The sovran wisestately rode on; his shield-armed menfollowed in force. The footprints ledalong the woodland, widely seen,a path o'er the plain, where she passed, and trodthe murky moor; of men-at-armsshe bore the bravest and best one, dead,him who with Hrothgar the homestead ruled.On then went the atheling-borno'er stone-cliffs steep and strait defiles,narrow passes and unknown ways,headlands sheer, and the haunts of the Nicors.Foremost he fared, a few at his sideof the wiser men, the ways to scan,till he found in a flash the forested hillhanging over the hoary rock,a woful wood: the waves belowwere dyed in blood. The Danish menhad sorrow of soul, and for Scyldings all,for many a hero, 'twas hard to bear,ill for earls, when Aeschere's headthey found by the flood on the foreland there.Waves were welling, the warriors saw,hot with blood; but the horn sang oftbattle-song bold. The band sat down,and watched on the water worm-like things,sea-dragons strange that sounded the deep,and nicors that lay on the ledge of the ness --such as oft essay at hour of mornon the road-of-sails their ruthless quest, --and sea-snakes and monsters. These started away,swollen and savage that song to hear,that war-horn's blast. The warden of Geats,with bolt from bow, then balked of life,of wave-work, one monster, amid its heartwent the keen war-shaft; in water it seemedless doughty in swimming whom death had seized.Swift on the billows, with boar-spears wellhooked and barbed, it was hard beset,done to death and dragged on the headland,wave-roamer wondrous. Warriors viewedthe grisly guest.Then girt him Beowulfin martial mail, nor mourned for his life.His breastplate broad and bright of hues,woven by hand, should the waters try;well could it ward the warrior's bodythat battle should break on his breast in vainnor harm his heart by the hand of a foe.And the helmet white that his head protectedwas destined to dare the deeps of the flood,through wave-whirl win: 'twas wound with chains,decked with gold, as in days of yorethe weapon-smith worked it wondrously,with swine-forms set it, that swords nowise,brandished in battle, could bite that helm.Nor was that the meanest of mighty helpswhich Hrothgar's orator offered at need:"Hrunting" they named the hilted sword,of old-time heirlooms easily first;iron was its edge, all etched with poison,with battle-blood hardened, nor blenched it at fightin hero's hand who held it ever,on paths of peril prepared to goto folkstead of foes. Not first time thisit was destined to do a daring task.For he bore not in mind, the bairn of Ecglafsturdy and strong, that speech he had made,drunk with wine, now this weapon he lentto a stouter swordsman. Himself, though, durst notunder welter of waters wager his lifeas loyal liegeman. So lost he his glory,honor of earls. With the other not so,who girded him now for the grim encounter.
Words in this poem 25
- anon adv.
- Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- ween v. i.
- To think; to imagine; to fancy. [OE. wenen, AS. w, fr. w hope, expectation, opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w, OS. & OHG. wan, G. wahn delusion, Icel. van hope, expectation, Goth. w, and D. w]
- saddled a.
- Having a broad patch of color across the back, like a saddle; saddle-backed.
- steed n.
- A horse, especially a spirited horse for state of war; -- used chiefly in poetry or stately prose. [OE. stede, AS. steda a stud-horse, war horse, fr. stod a stud of breeding steeds; akin to G. stute a mare, Icel. stedda, sto, a stud. *163. See Stud of horses.]
- sovran a.
- A variant of Sovereign.
- rode n.
- Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- atheling n.
- An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and Ætheling.] [AS. æ noble, fr. æ noble, akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The word æ, E. ethel, is in many AS. proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bo]
- scan v. t.
- To mount by steps; to go through with step by step. [L. scandere, scansum, to climb, to scan, akin to Skr. skand to spring, leap: cf. F. scander. Cf. Ascend, Descend, Scale a ladder.]
- hoary a.
- White or whitish."The hoary willows."
- woful a.
- Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad.
- foreland n.
- A promontory or cape; a headland; as, the North and South Foreland in Kent, England.
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- ruthless a.
- Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- doughty a.
- Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; as, a doughty hero.
- roamer n.
- One who roams; a wanderer.
- wondrous adv.
- In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
- girt v. t.
- To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.]
- yore adv.
- In time long past; in old time; long since. [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]
- nowise adv.
- Not in any manner or degree; in no way; noways. [For in no wise. See Wise, n.]
- hilted a.
- Having a hilt; -- used in composition; as, basket-hilted, cross-hilted.
- swordsman n.
- A soldier; a fighting man.
- welter v. i.
- To roll, as the body of an animal; to tumble about, especially in anything foul or defiling; to wallow. [Freq. of OE. walten to roll over, AS. wealtan; akin to LG. weltern, G. walzen to roll, to waltz, sich wälzen to welter, OHG. walzan to roll, Icel. velta, Dan. v]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Part XXI is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Anonymous, Part XXI, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xxi.html, id L14209.
Form and metre
Part XXI is 91 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 87% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.2 syllables. 14 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 38% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 --------A-BA-B-----C---C------------D-D---------------------------EE----------------------- ecgtheow · better · them · abide · may · told · doom · anon · grendelA · promise · mountainB · willA · patience · oneB · thanked · words · saddled · wise · men · ledC · seen · trod · arms · deadC · ruled · born · defiles · ways · nicors · side · scan · hill · rock · below · men · all · bearD · head · thereD · saw · oft · down · things · deep · ness · morn · quest · away · hear · geats · life · heart · seemed · seized · well · beset · headland · viewed · guest · beowulf · life · hues · try · body · vain · foe · protectedE · floodE · chains · yore · wondrously · nowise · helm · helps · need · sword · first · poison · fight · ever · go · this · task · ecglaf · made · lent · not · life · glory · so · encounter
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| BEOWULF spake, bairn of Ecgtheow: | 8 | /˘······ |
| "Sorrow not, sage! It beseems us better | 10 | /˘······/˘ |
| friends to avenge than fruitlessly mourn them. | 10 | ··˘/·/˘˘·· |
| Each of us all must his end abide | 9 | ·······˘/ |
| in the ways of the world; so win who may | 10 | ·········· |
| glory ere death! When his days are told, | 9 | /˘······· |
| that is the warrior's worthiest doom. | 10 | ···/˘˘/˘˘· |
| Rise, O realm-warder! Ride we anon, | 9 | ···/˘··˘/ |
| and mark the trail of the mother of Grendel. | 11 | ······/˘·/˘ |
| No harbor shall hide her -- heed my promise! -- | 10 | ·/˘·····/˘ |
| enfolding of field or forested mountain | 11 | ˘/˘···/˘˘/˘ |
| or floor of the flood, let her flee where she will! | 11 | ··········· |
| But thou this day endure in patience, | 9 | ····˘/·/˘ |
| as I ween thou wilt, thy woes each one." | 9 | ········· |
| Leaped up the graybeard: God he thanked, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| mighty Lord, for the man's brave words. | 8 | /˘······ |
| For Hrothgar soon a horse was saddled | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| wave-maned steed. The sovran wise | 7 | ····/˘· |
| stately rode on; his shield-armed men | 8 | /˘······ |
| followed in force. The footprints led | 8 | /˘···/·· |
| along the woodland, widely seen, | 8 | ˘/·/·/˘· |
| a path o'er the plain, where she passed, and trod | 10 | ·········· |
| the murky moor; of men-at-arms | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| she bore the bravest and best one, dead, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| him who with Hrothgar the homestead ruled. | 9 | ······/·· |
| On then went the atheling-born | 8 | ····/˘˘· |
| o'er stone-cliffs steep and strait defiles, | 8 | ········ |
| narrow passes and unknown ways, | 8 | /˘/˘·˘/· |
| headlands sheer, and the haunts of the Nicors. | 10 | ········/· |
| Foremost he fared, a few at his side | 9 | /········ |
| of the wiser men, the ways to scan, | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| till he found in a flash the forested hill | 11 | ·······/˘˘· |
| hanging over the hoary rock, | 8 | /˘···/˘· |
| a woful wood: the waves below | 8 | ········ |
| were dyed in blood. The Danish men | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| had sorrow of soul, and for Scyldings all, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| for many a hero, 'twas hard to bear, | 10 | ·/˘·/˘···· |
| ill for earls, when Aeschere's head | 7 | ······· |
| they found by the flood on the foreland there. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Waves were welling, the warriors saw, | 9 | ··/˘·/˘˘· |
| hot with blood; but the horn sang oft | 8 | ········ |
| battle-song bold. The band sat down, | 8 | /˘······ |
| and watched on the water worm-like things, | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| sea-dragons strange that sounded the deep, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘·· |
| and nicors that lay on the ledge of the ness -- | 11 | ·/········· |
| such as oft essay at hour of morn | 10 | ···˘/·/˘·· |
| on the road-of-sails their ruthless quest, -- | 9 | ······/˘· |
| and sea-snakes and monsters. These started away, | 11 | ····/˘·/˘˘/ |
| swollen and savage that song to hear, | 9 | /˘·/˘···· |
| that war-horn's blast. The warden of Geats, | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| with bolt from bow, then balked of life, | 8 | ········ |
| of wave-work, one monster, amid its heart | 10 | ····/˘˘/·· |
| went the keen war-shaft; in water it seemed | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| less doughty in swimming whom death had seized. | 10 | ·/˘·/˘···· |
| Swift on the billows, with boar-spears well | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| hooked and barbed, it was hard beset, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| done to death and dragged on the headland, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| wave-roamer wondrous. Warriors viewed | 9 | ·/˘/˘/˘˘· |
| the grisly guest. | 4 | ·/˘· |
| Then girt him Beowulf | 6 | ···/˘· |
| in martial mail, nor mourned for his life. | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| His breastplate broad and bright of hues, | 8 | ·/······ |
| woven by hand, should the waters try; | 9 | /˘····/˘· |
| well could it ward the warrior's body | 10 | ·····/˘˘/˘ |
| that battle should break on his breast in vain | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| nor harm his heart by the hand of a foe. | 10 | ·········· |
| And the helmet white that his head protected | 11 | ··/˘····˘/˘ |
| was destined to dare the deeps of the flood, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| through wave-whirl win: 'twas wound with chains, | 8 | ········ |
| decked with gold, as in days of yore | 8 | ········ |
| the weapon-smith worked it wondrously, | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| with swine-forms set it, that swords nowise, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| brandished in battle, could bite that helm. | 9 | /˘·/˘···· |
| Nor was that the meanest of mighty helps | 10 | ····/˘·/˘· |
| which Hrothgar's orator offered at need: | 10 | ···/˘˘/˘·· |
| "Hrunting" they named the hilted sword, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| of old-time heirlooms easily first; | 9 | ···/·/˘˘· |
| iron was its edge, all etched with poison, | 10 | /˘······/˘ |
| with battle-blood hardened, nor blenched it at fight | 11 | ·/˘·/˘····· |
| in hero's hand who held it ever, | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| on paths of peril prepared to go | 9 | ···/˘˘/·· |
| to folkstead of foes. Not first time this | 9 | ········· |
| it was destined to do a daring task. | 10 | ··/˘···/˘· |
| For he bore not in mind, the bairn of Ecglaf | 11 | ··········· |
| sturdy and strong, that speech he had made, | 9 | /˘······· |
| drunk with wine, now this weapon he lent | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| to a stouter swordsman. Himself, though, durst not | 11 | ····/˘˘/··· |
| under welter of waters wager his life | 11 | ··/˘·/˘/˘·· |
| as loyal liegeman. So lost he his glory, | 11 | ·/˘/˘····/˘ |
| honor of earls. With the other not so, | 10 | /˘····/˘·· |
| who girded him now for the grim encounter. | 11 | ·/˘·····˘/˘ |
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