Part XII

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

trochaic pentameter · unrhymed · 46 lines · from Beowulf

NOT in any wise would the earls'-defencesuffer that slaughterous stranger to live,useless deeming his days and yearsto men on earth. Now many an earlof Beowulf brandished blade ancestral,fain the life of their lord to shield,their praised prince, if power were theirs;never they knew, -- as they neared the foe,hardy-hearted heroes of war,aiming their swords on every sidethe accursed to kill, -- no keenest blade,no farest of falchions fashioned on earth,could harm or hurt that hideous fiend!He was safe, by his spells, from sword of battle,from edge of iron. Yet his end and partingon that same day of this our lifewoful should be, and his wandering soulfar off flit to the fiends' domain.Soon he found, who in former days,harmful in heart and hated of God,on many a man such murder wrought,that the frame of his body failed him now.For him the keen-souled kinsman of Hygelacheld in hand; hateful alivewas each to other. The outlaw diretook mortal hurt; a mighty woundshowed on his shoulder, and sinews cracked,and the bone-frame burst. To Beowulf nowthe glory was given, and Grendel thencedeath-sick his den in the dark moor sought,noisome abode: he knew too wellthat here was the last of life, an endof his days on earth. -- To all the Danesby that bloody battle the boon had come.From ravage had rescued the roving strangerHrothgar's hall; the hardy and wise onehad purged it anew. His night-work pleased him,his deed and its honor. To Eastern Daneshad the valiant Geat his vaunt made good,all their sorrow and ills assuaged,their bale of battle borne so long,and all the dole they erst enduredpain a-plenty. -- 'Twas proof of this,when the hardy-in-fight a hand laid down,arm and shoulder, -- all, indeed,of Grendel's gripe, -- 'neath the gabled roof.

Words in this poem

slaughterous a.
Destructive; murderous. Shak. M. Arnold.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
woful a.
Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad.
flit a.
Nimble; quick; swift. See Fleet.
kinsman n.
A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
hateful a.
Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent.
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
cracked a.
Coarsely ground or broken; as, cracked wheat.
noisome a.
Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive; as, noisome effluvia. [For noysome, fr. noy for annoy. See Annoy.]
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
boon n.
A prayer or petition. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw. & Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]
valiant a.
Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
geat n.
The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [See Gate a door.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XII is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XII, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xii.html, id L14200.

Form and metre

Part XII is 46 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is trochaic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 72%). 86% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.1 syllables. 4 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 44% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in trochaic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---AA--------B--B----------------------------- defence · live · years · earlA · ancestralA · shield · theirs · foe · war · side · blade · earth · fiend · battleB · parting · life · soulB · domain · days · god · wrought · now · hygelac · alive · dire · wound · cracked · now · thence · sought · well · end · danes · come · stranger · one · him · danes · good · assuaged · long · endured · this · down · indeed · roof
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
NOT in any wise would the earls'-defence10··/˘····˘/
suffer that slaughterous stranger to live,10/˘·/˘˘/˘··
useless deeming his days and years8/˘/˘····
to men on earth. Now many an earl9·····/˘··
of Beowulf brandished blade ancestral,10·/˘·/˘·˘/˘
fain the life of their lord to shield,8········
their praised prince, if power were theirs;8····/˘··
never they knew, -- as they neared the foe,9/˘·······
hardy-hearted heroes of war,8/˘/˘/˘··
aiming their swords on every side9/˘···/˘˘·
the accursed to kill, -- no keenest blade,9······/˘·
no farest of falchions fashioned on earth,10······/˘··
could harm or hurt that hideous fiend!9·····/˘˘·
He was safe, by his spells, from sword of battle,11·········/˘
from edge of iron. Yet his end and parting11···/˘····/˘
on that same day of this our life9······/˘·
woful should be, and his wandering soul10······/˘˘·
far off flit to the fiends' domain.8······˘/
Soon he found, who in former days,8·····/˘·
harmful in heart and hated of God,9/˘···/˘··
on many a man such murder wrought,9·/˘···/˘·
that the frame of his body failed him now.10·····/˘···
For him the keen-souled kinsman of Hygelac11·····/·····
held in hand; hateful alive7···/˘˘/
was each to other. The outlaw dire9···/˘·/··
took mortal hurt; a mighty wound8·/˘··/˘·
showed on his shoulder, and sinews cracked,9···/˘····
and the bone-frame burst. To Beowulf now10······/˘··
the glory was given, and Grendel thence10·/˘·/˘·/˘·
death-sick his den in the dark moor sought,9·········
noisome abode: he knew too well8/˘˘/····
that here was the last of life, an end9·········
of his days on earth. -- To all the Danes9·········
by that bloody battle the boon had come.10··/˘/˘····
From ravage had rescued the roving stranger11·/˘·/˘·/˘/˘
Hrothgar's hall; the hardy and wise one9····/˘···
had purged it anew. His night-work pleased him,10···˘/·····
his deed and its honor. To Eastern Danes10····/˘·/˘·
had the valiant Geat his vaunt made good,9··/˘·····
all their sorrow and ills assuaged,8··/˘··˘/
their bale of battle borne so long,8···/˘···
and all the dole they erst endured8······˘/
pain a-plenty. -- 'Twas proof of this,8··/˘····
when the hardy-in-fight a hand laid down,10··/˘······
arm and shoulder, -- all, indeed,7··/˘·˘/
of Grendel's gripe, -- 'neath the gabled roof.9·/˘···/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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