Part XIII

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

Alliterative four-stress verse · unrhymed · 88 lines · from Beowulf

MANY at morning, as men have told me,warriors gathered the gift-hall round,folk-leaders faring from far and near,o'er wide-stretched ways, the wonder to view,trace of the traitor. Not troublous seemedthe enemy's end to any manwho saw by the gait of the graceless foehow the weary-hearted, away from thence,baffled in battle and banned, his stepsdeath-marked dragged to the devils' mere.Bloody the billows were boiling there,turbid the tide of tumbling waveshorribly seething, with sword-blood hot,by that doomed one dyed, who in den of the moorlaid forlorn his life adown,his heathen soul, and hell received it.Home then rode the hoary clansmenfrom that merry journey, and many a youth,on horses white, the hardy warriors,back from the mere. Then Beowulf's gloryeager they echoed, and all averredthat from sea to sea, or south or north,there was no other in earth's domain,under vault of heaven, more valiant found,of warriors none more worthy to rule!(On their lord beloved they laid no slight,gracious Hrothgar: a good king he!)From time to time, the tried-in-battletheir gray steeds set to gallop amain,and ran a race when the road seemed fair.From time to time, a thane of the king,who had made many vaunts, and was mindful of verses,stored with sagas and songs of old,bound word to word in well-knit rime,welded his lay; this warrior soonof Beowulf's quest right cleverly sang,and artfully added an excellent tale,in well-ranged words, of the warlike deedshe had heard in saga of Sigemund.Strange the story: he said it all, --the Waelsing's wanderings wide, his struggles,which never were told to tribes of men,the feuds and the frauds, save to Fitela only,when of these doings he deigned to speak,uncle to nephew; as ever the twainstood side by side in stress of war,and multitude of the monster kindthey had felled with their swords. Of Sigemund grew,when he passed from life, no little praise;for the doughty-in-combat a dragon killedthat herded the hoard: under hoary rockthe atheling dared the deed alonefearful quest, nor was Fitela there.Yet so it befell, his falchion piercedthat wondrous worm, -- on the wall it struck,best blade; the dragon died in its blood.Thus had the dread-one by daring achievedover the ring-hoard to rule at will,himself to pleasure; a sea-boat he loaded,and bore on its bosom the beaming gold,son of Waels; the worm was consumed.He had of all heroes the highest renownamong races of men, this refuge-of-warriors,for deeds of daring that decked his namesince the hand and heart of Heremodgrew slack in battle. He, swiftly banishedto mingle with monsters at mercy of foes,to death was betrayed; for torrents of sorrowhad lamed him too long; a load of careto earls and athelings all he proved.Oft indeed, in earlier days,for the warrior's wayfaring wise men mourned,who had hoped of him help from harm and bale,and had thought their sovran's son would thrive,follow his father, his folk protect,the hoard and the stronghold, heroes' land,home of Scyldings. -- But here, thanes said,the kinsman of Hygelac kinder seemedto all: the other was urged to crime!And afresh to the race, the fallow roadsby swift steeds measured! The morning sunwas climbing higher. Clansmen hastenedto the high-built hall, those hardy-minded,the wonder to witness. Warden of treasure,crowned with glory, the king himself,with stately band from the bride-bower strode;and with him the queen and her crowd of maidensmeasured the path to the mead-house fair.

Words in this poem 23
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
troublous a.
Full of trouble; causing trouble.
graceless a.
Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt.
horribly adv.
In a manner to excite horror; dreadfully; terribly.
forlorn a.
Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
adown adv.
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
rode n.
Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
valiant a.
Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
amain adv.
With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
mindful a.
Bearing in mind; regardful; attentive; heedful; observant.
rime n.
A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T. [L. rima.]
cleverly adv.
In a clever manner.
saga n.
A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or mythic tradition, among the Norsemen and kindred people; a northern European popular historical or religious tale of olden time. [Icel., akin to E. saw a saying. See Say, and cf. Saw.]
nephew n.
A grandson or grandchild, or remoter lineal descendant. [OE. neveu, nevou, nevu, fr. F. neveu, OF. also, nevou, L. nepos; akin to AS. nefa, D. neef, G. neffe, OHG. nevo, Icel. nefi a kinsman, gr. nepat grandson, desce]
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
doughty a.
Able; strong; valiant; redoubtable; as, a doughty hero.
atheling n.
An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and Ætheling.] [AS. æ noble, fr. æ noble, akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The word æ, E. ethel, is in many AS. proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bo]
falchion n.
A broad-bladed sword, slightly curved, shorter and lighter than the ordinary sword; -- used in the Middle Ages. [OE. fauchon, OF. fauchon, LL. fälcio, fr. L. falx, falcis, a sickle, cf. Gr. falcon; cf. It. falcione. Cf. Defalcation.]
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
wayfaring a.
Traveling; passing; being on a journey.
kinsman n.
A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
afresh adv.
Anew; again; once more; newly. [Pref. a- + fresh.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XIII is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XIII, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xiii.html, id L14201.

Form and metre

Part XIII is 88 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 84% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.4 syllables. 16 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 34% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---------AA-------------B--B---------------------------C--C---D---D---------------E--E-- me · round · near · view · seemed · man · foe · thence · steps · mereA · thereA · waves · hot · moor · adown · it · clansmen · youth · warriors · glory · averred · north · domain · found · ruleB · slight · he · battleB · amain · fair · king · verses · old · rime · soon · sang · tale · deeds · sigemund · all · struggles · men · only · speak · twain · war · kind · grew · praise · killed · rock · alone · there · pierced · struck · bloodC · achieved · will · loadedC · gold · consumed · renown · warriorsD · name · heremod · banished · foesD · sorrow · care · proved · days · mourned · bale · thrive · protect · land · said · seemed · crime · roads · sun · hastened · mindedE · treasure · himself · strodeE · maidens · fair
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
MANY at morning, as men have told me,9/·/˘·····
warriors gathered the gift-hall round,9/˘˘/˘····
folk-leaders faring from far and near,9·/˘/˘····
o'er wide-stretched ways, the wonder to view,9·····/˘··
trace of the traitor. Not troublous seemed9···/˘·/˘·
the enemy's end to any man9·/˘˘··/˘·
who saw by the gait of the graceless foe10·······/˘·
how the weary-hearted, away from thence,10··/˘/˘˘/··
baffled in battle and banned, his steps9/˘·/˘····
death-marked dragged to the devils' mere.9··˘···/˘·
Bloody the billows were boiling there,9/˘·/˘·/˘·
turbid the tide of tumbling waves9/˘···/˘˘·
horribly seething, with sword-blood hot,9/˘˘/˘····
by that doomed one dyed, who in den of the moor11···········
laid forlorn his life adown,7·˘/··˘/
his heathen soul, and hell received it.9·/˘···˘/·
Home then rode the hoary clansmen8····/˘··
from that merry journey, and many a youth,10··/˘/˘·/··
on horses white, the hardy warriors,10·/˘··/˘/˘˘
back from the mere. Then Beowulf's glory10·····/˘·/˘
eager they echoed, and all averred9/˘·/˘··/˘
that from sea to sea, or south or north,9·········
there was no other in earth's domain,9···/˘··˘/
under vault of heaven, more valiant found,9····/·/˘·
of warriors none more worthy to rule!9·/˘··/˘··
(On their lord beloved they laid no slight,9···˘/····
gracious Hrothgar: a good king he!)8/˘······
From time to time, the tried-in-battle9·······/˘
their gray steeds set to gallop amain,9·····/˘˘/
and ran a race when the road seemed fair.9·········
From time to time, a thane of the king,9·········
who had made many vaunts, and was mindful of verses,12···/···/˘·/˘
stored with sagas and songs of old,9·˘·/˘····
bound word to word in well-knit rime,8········
welded his lay; this warrior soon9/˘···/˘˘·
of Beowulf's quest right cleverly sang,9·/˘···/˘·
and artfully added an excellent tale,9·/˘/˘·/˘·
in well-ranged words, of the warlike deeds9······/··
he had heard in saga of Sigemund.10····/˘····
Strange the story: he said it all, --8··/˘····
the Waelsing's wanderings wide, his struggles,10···/˘˘··/˘
which never were told to tribes of men,9·/˘······
the feuds and the frauds, save to Fitela only,12··········/˘
when of these doings he deigned to speak,9···/˘····
uncle to nephew; as ever the twain9/˘·/˘·/··
stood side by side in stress of war,8········
and multitude of the monster kind9·/˘···/˘·
they had felled with their swords. Of Sigemund grew,11···········
when he passed from life, no little praise;9······/˘·
for the doughty-in-combat a dragon killed11··/˘·˘/·/˘·
that herded the hoard: under hoary rock10·/˘····/˘·
the atheling dared the deed alone9·/˘˘···˘/
fearful quest, nor was Fitela there.9/˘·······
Yet so it befell, his falchion pierced9···˘/·/˘·
that wondrous worm, -- on the wall it struck,9·/˘······
best blade; the dragon died in its blood.9···/˘····
Thus had the dread-one by daring achieved10······/˘˘/
over the ring-hoard to rule at will,9·········
himself to pleasure; a sea-boat he loaded,11˘/·/˘····/˘
and bore on its bosom the beaming gold,10····/˘·/˘·
son of Waels; the worm was consumed.9······˘/˘
He had of all heroes the highest renown11····/˘·/˘˘/
among races of men, this refuge-of-warriors,12··/˘···/˘·/˘
for deeds of daring that decked his name9···/˘····
since the hand and heart of Heremod9·········
grew slack in battle. He, swiftly banished10···/˘·/˘/˘
to mingle with monsters at mercy of foes,11·/˘·/˘·/˘··
to death was betrayed; for torrents of sorrow11···˘/·/˘·/˘
had lamed him too long; a load of care9·········
to earls and athelings all he proved.9·········
Oft indeed, in earlier days,8·˘/·/˘˘·
for the warrior's wayfaring wise men mourned,9··/˘/˘···
who had hoped of him help from harm and bale,10··········
and had thought their sovran's son would thrive,9····/˘···
follow his father, his folk protect,9/˘·/˘··˘/
the hoard and the stronghold, heroes' land,9····/·/˘·
home of Scyldings. -- But here, thanes said,8········
the kinsman of Hygelac kinder seemed9·/·····/·
to all: the other was urged to crime!9···/˘····
And afresh to the race, the fallow roads10·˘/····/··
by swift steeds measured! The morning sun9···/˘·/˘·
was climbing higher. Clansmen hastened9·/˘/˘··/˘
to the high-built hall, those hardy-minded,10······/˘/˘
the wonder to witness. Warden of treasure,11·/˘·/˘/˘·/˘
crowned with glory, the king himself,9·˘·/˘··˘/
with stately band from the bride-bower strode;9·/˘····/·
and with him the queen and her crowd of maidens11·········/˘
measured the path to the mead-house fair.9/˘·······

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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