Part XI

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

trochaic pentameter · unrhymed · 82 lines · from Beowulf

THEN from the moorland, by misty crags,with God's wrath laden, Grendel came.The monster was minded of mankind nowsundry to seize in the stately house.Under welkin he walked, till the wine-palace there,gold-hall of men, he gladly discerned,flashing with fretwork. Not first time, this,that he the home of Hrothgar sought, --yet ne'er in his life-day, late or early,such hardy heroes, such hall-thanes, found!To the house the warrior walked apace,parted from peace; the portal opended,though with forged bolts fast, when his fists hadstruck it,and baleful he burst in his blatant rage,the house's mouth. All hastily, then,o'er fair-paved floor the fiend trod on,ireful he strode; there streamed from his eyesfearful flashes, like flame to see.

He spied in hall the hero-band,kin and clansmen clustered asleep,hardy liegemen. Then laughed his heart;for the monster was minded, ere morn should dawn,savage, to sever the soul of each,life from body, since lusty banquetwaited his will! But Wyrd forbade himto seize any more of men on earthafter that evening. Eagerly watchedHygelac's kinsman his cursed foe,how he would fare in fell attack.Not that the monster was minded to pause!Straightway he seized a sleeping warriorfor the first, and tore him fiercely asunder,the bone-frame bit, drank blood in streams,swallowed him piecemeal: swiftly thusthe lifeless corse was clear devoured,e'en feet and hands. Then farther he hied;for the hardy hero with hand he grasped,felt for the foe with fiendish claw,for the hero reclining, -- who clutched it boldly,prompt to answer, propped on his arm.Soon then saw that shepherd-of-evilsthat never he met in this middle-world,in the ways of earth, another wightwith heavier hand-gripe; at heart he feared,sorrowed in soul, -- none the sooner escaped!Fain would he flee, his fastness seek,the den of devils: no doings nowsuch as oft he had done in days of old!Then bethought him the hardy Hygelac-thaneof his boast at evening: up he bounded,grasped firm his foe, whose fingers cracked.The fiend made off, but the earl close followed.The monster meant -- if he might at all --to fling himself free, and far awayfly to the fens, -- knew his fingers' powerin the gripe of the grim one. Gruesome marchto Heorot this monster of harm had made!Din filled the room; the Danes were bereft,castle-dwellers and clansmen all,earls, of their ale. Angry were boththose savage hall-guards: the house resounded.Wonder it was the wine-hall firmin the strain of their struggle stood, to earththe fair house fell not; too fast it waswithin and without by its iron bandscraftily clamped; though there crashed from sillmany a mead-bench -- men have told me --gay with gold, where the grim foes wrestled.So well had weened the wisest Scyldingsthat not ever at all might any manthat bone-decked, brave house break asunder,crush by craft, -- unless clasp of firein smoke engulfed it. -- Again uprosedin redoubled. Danes of the Northwith fear and frenzy were filled, each one,who from the wall that wailing heard,God's foe sounding his grisly song,cry of the conquered, clamorous painfrom captive of hell. Too closely held himhe who of men in might was strongestin that same day of this our life.

Words in this poem 27
moorland n.
Land consisting of a moor or moors. [AS. morland.]
sundry a.
Several; divers; more than one or two; various. [OE. sundry, sondry, AS. syndrig, fr. sundor asunder. See Sunder, v. t.]
welkin n.
The visible regions of the air; the vault of heaven; the sky. [OE. welken, welkene, welkne, wolcne, weolcne, AS. wolcen, pl. wolcnu, a cloud; akin to D. wolk, OFries. wolken, OS. wolkan, G. wolke, OHG. wolchan, and probably]
gladly adv.
Preferably; by choice. [From Glad, a.]
fretwork n.
Work adorned with frets; ornamental openwork or work in relief, esp. when elaborate and minute in its parts. Heuce, any minute play of light andshade, dark and light, or the like. [6th fret + work.]
apace adv.
With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily. [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.]
blatant a.
Bellowing, as a calf; bawling; brawling; clamoring; disagreeably clamorous; sounding loudly and harshly. [Cf. Bleat.]
ireful a.
Full of ire; angry; wroth.
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
kinsman n.
A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
cursed a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
straightway adv.
Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
tore n.
The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
drank n.
Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Cf. 3d Drake.]
piecemeal adv.
In pieces; in parts or fragments. [OE. pecemele; pece a piece + AS. m, dat. pl. of m part. See Meal a portion.]
corse n.
A living body or its bulk. [OF. cors, F. corps. See Corpse.]
fiendish a.
Like a fiend; diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal; malignant; devilish; hellish.
boldly adv.
In a bold manner. [AS. bealdlice.]
wight n.
A whit; a bit; a jot. [OE. wight, wiht, a wight, a whit, AS. wiht, wuht, a creature, a thing; skin to D. wicht a child, OS. & OHG. wiht a creature, thing, G. wicht a creature, Icel. v]
sorrowed a.
Accompanied with sorrow; sorrowful.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
fastness n.
The state of being fast and firm; firmness; fixedness; security; faithfulness. [AS. fæstnes, fr. fæst fast. See Fast, a.]
cracked a.
Coarsely ground or broken; as, cracked wheat.
gruesome
, Grue"some, a. Etym: [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror, terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.]
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
craftily adv.
With craft; artfully; cunningly. [See Crafty.]
craft n.
Strength; might; secret power. [AS. cr strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS., G., Sw., & Dan. kraft strength, D. kracht, Icel. kraptr; perh. originally, a drawing together, stretching, fr]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XI is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XI, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xi.html, id L14199.

Form and metre

Part XI is 82 lines in 2 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is trochaic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 71%). 84% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.1 syllables. 15 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 37% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in trochaic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 --------------------------------------A---A-------------------- band · asleep · heart · dawn · each · banquet · him · earth · watched · foe · attack · pause · warrior · asunder · streams · thus · devoured · hied · grasped · claw · boldly · arm · evils · world · wight · feared · escaped · seek · now · old · thane · bounded · cracked · followed · all · away · power · march · madeA · bereft · all · both · resoundedA · firm · earth · was · bands · sill · me · wrestled · scyldings · man · asunder · fire · uprose · north · one · heard · song · pain · him · strongest · life
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
THEN from the moorland, by misty crags,9···/··/˘·
with God's wrath laden, Grendel came.8···/˘/˘·
The monster was minded of mankind now10·/˘·/˘·//·
sundry to seize in the stately house.9/˘····/˘·
Under welkin he walked, till the wine-palace there,12··/˘·····/˘·
gold-hall of men, he gladly discerned,9·····/˘˘/
flashing with fretwork. Not first time, this,9/˘·/˘····
that he the home of Hrothgar sought, --8········
yet ne'er in his life-day, late or early,10········/˘
such hardy heroes, such hall-thanes, found!9·/˘/˘····
To the house the warrior walked apace,9····/˘·˘/
parted from peace; the portal opended,10/˘···/˘···
though with forged bolts fast, when his fists had9·········
struck it,2··
and baleful he burst in his blatant rage,10·/˘····/˘·
the house's mouth. All hastily, then,9·/˘··/˘˘·
o'er fair-paved floor the fiend trod on,9···˘·····
ireful he strode; there streamed from his eyes9/˘·······
fearful flashes, like flame to see.8/˘/˘····
He spied in hall the hero-band,8·····/˘·
kin and clansmen clustered asleep,9····/˘˘˘/
hardy liegemen. Then laughed his heart;9/˘·······
for the monster was minded, ere morn should dawn,11··/˘·/˘····
savage, to sever the soul of each,9/˘·/˘····
life from body, since lusty banquet9··/˘·/˘/˘
waited his will! But Wyrd forbade him9/˘····˘/·
to seize any more of men on earth9··/˘·····
after that evening. Eagerly watched9···/˘/˘˘·
Hygelac's kinsman his cursed foe,9···/···˘·
how he would fare in fell attack.8······˘/
Not that the monster was minded to pause!10···/˘·/˘··
Straightway he seized a sleeping warrior10/˘···/˘/˘˘
for the first, and tore him fiercely asunder,11······/˘˘/˘
the bone-frame bit, drank blood in streams,8········
swallowed him piecemeal: swiftly thus9/˘˘·/·/˘·
the lifeless corse was clear devoured,9·/˘···˘/˘
e'en feet and hands. Then farther he hied;9·····/˘··
for the hardy hero with hand he grasped,10··/˘/˘····
felt for the foe with fiendish claw,8·····/˘·
for the hero reclining, -- who clutched it boldly,12··/˘˘/˘···/˘
prompt to answer, propped on his arm.9··/˘·˘···
Soon then saw that shepherd-of-evils9····/˘·/˘
that never he met in this middle-world,9·/····/˘·
in the ways of earth, another wight9·····˘/˘·
with heavier hand-gripe; at heart he feared,9·/˘······
sorrowed in soul, -- none the sooner escaped!10/˘····/˘˘/
Fain would he flee, his fastness seek,8·····/˘·
the den of devils: no doings now9···/˘·/˘·
such as oft he had done in days of old!10··········
Then bethought him the hardy Hygelac-thane11·˘/··/˘····
of his boast at evening: up he bounded,10····/˘··/˘
grasped firm his foe, whose fingers cracked.9·˘····/˘·
The fiend made off, but the earl close followed.10········/˘
The monster meant -- if he might at all --9·/˘······
to fling himself free, and far away9··˘/···˘/
fly to the fens, -- knew his fingers' power10······/˘/˘
in the gripe of the grim one. Gruesome march10·······/˘·
to Heorot this monster of harm had made!10····/˘····
Din filled the room; the Danes were bereft,9·······˘/
castle-dwellers and clansmen all,8/˘/˘····
earls, of their ale. Angry were both8····/˘··
those savage hall-guards: the house resounded.10·/˘·····/˘
Wonder it was the wine-hall firm8/˘······
in the strain of their struggle stood, to earth10·····/˘···
the fair house fell not; too fast it was9·········
within and without by its iron bands9·······/·
craftily clamped; though there crashed from sill9/˘˘······
many a mead-bench -- men have told me --9/˘·······
gay with gold, where the grim foes wrestled.9·······/˘
So well had weened the wisest Scyldings9·····/˘··
that not ever at all might any man9··/···/˘·
that bone-decked, brave house break asunder,9······˘/˘
crush by craft, -- unless clasp of fire9·······/˘
in smoke engulfed it. -- Again uprose9··˘/·˘/··
din redoubled. Danes of the North9·˘/˘˘····
with fear and frenzy were filled, each one,9···/˘····
who from the wall that wailing heard,8·····/˘·
God's foe sounding his grisly song,8··/˘·/˘·
cry of the conquered, clamorous pain9···/˘/˘˘·
from captive of hell. Too closely held him10·/˘···/˘··
he who of men in might was strongest9·······/˘
in that same day of this our life.9······/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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