The Madness of King Goll
I sat on cushioned otter skin:My word was law from Ith to Emen,And shook at Invar AmarginThe hearts of the world-troubling seamen.And drove tumult and war awayFrom girl and boy and man and beast;The fields grew fatter day by day,The wild fowl of the air increased;And every ancient Ollave said,While he bent down his fading head,"He drives away the Northern cold."They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me,the beech leaves old.
I sat and mused and drank sweet wine;A herdsman came from inland valleys,Crying, the pirates drove his swineTo fill their dark-beaked hollow galleys.I called my battle-breaking men,And my loud brazen battle-carsFrom rolling vale and rivery glen,And under the blinking of the starsFell on the pirates by the deep,And hurled them in the gulph of sleep:These hands won many a torque of gold.They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me,the beech leaves old.
But slowly, as I shouting slewAnd trampled in the bubbling mire,In my most secret spirit grewA whirling and a wandering fire:I stood: keen stars above me shone,Around me shone keen eyes of men:I laughed aloud and hurried onBy rocky shore and rushy fen;I laughed because birds fluttered by,And starlight gleamed, and clouds flew high,And rushes waved and waters rolled.They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me,the beech leaves old.
And now I wander in the woodsWhen summer gluts the golden bees,Or in autumnal solitudesArise the leopard-coloured trees;Or when along the wintry strandsThe cormorants shiver on their rocks;I wander on, and wave my hands,And sing, and shake my heavy locks.The gray wolf knows me; by one earI lead along the woodland deer;The hares run by me growing bold.They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me,the beech leaves old.
I came upon a little town,That slumbered in the harvest moon,And passed a-tiptoe up and down,Murmuring, to a fitful tune,How I have followed, night and day,A tramping of tremendous feet,And saw where this old tympan lay,Deserted on a doorway seat,And bore it to the woods with me;Of some unhuman miseryOur married voiced wildly trolled.They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me,the beech leaves old.
I sang how, when day's toil is done,Orchil shakes out her long dark hairThat hides away the dying sunAnd sheds faint odours through the air:When my hand passed from wire to wireIt quenched, with sound like falling dew,The whirling and the wandering fire;But lift a mournful ulalu,For the kind wires are torn and still,And I must wander wood and hillThrough summer's heat and winter's cold.They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me,the beech leaves old.
Words in this poem 18
- otter n.
- Any carnivorous animal of the genus Lutra, and related genera. [OE. oter, AS. Otor; akin to D. & G. otter, Icel. otr, Dan. odder, Sw. utter, Lith. udra, Russ, vuidra, Gr. udra otter, and also to E. water. Water, and cf. Hydr]
- shook v. t.
- To pack, as staves, in a shook.
- drove n.
- A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
- fading n.
- An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song.
- drank n.
- Wild oats, or darnel grass. See Drake a plant. [Cf. 3d Drake.]
- vale n.
- A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
- rivery a.
- Having rivers; as, a rivery country. Drayton.
- torque n.
- A collar or neck chain, usually twisted, especially as worn by ancient barbaric nations, as the Gauls, Germans, and Britons. [L. torques a twisted neck chain, fr. torquere to twist.]
- aloud adv.
- With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
- rushy a.
- Abounding with rushes.
- starlight n.
- The light given by the stars.
- coloured a.
- Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained.
- wintry a.
- Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
- fitful a.
- Full of fits; irregularly variable; impulsive and unstable. [From 7th Fit.]
- tremendous a.
- Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall. [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.]
- doorway n.
- The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.
- unhuman a.
- Not human; inhuman.
- voiced a.
- Furnished with a voice; expressed by the voice.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Madness of King Goll is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #38877; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: W. B. Yeats, The Madness of King Goll, in Poems (1895), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #38877, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/yeats-poems/the-madness-of-king-goll.html, id L16689.
Form and metre
The Madness of King Goll is 78 lines in 6 stanzas of 13 lines each. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 89% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.4 syllables. 10 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 22% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 A--ABCBCDDE-E skinA · emen · amargin · seamenA · awayB · beastC · dayB · increasedC · saidD · headD · coldE · me · oldE
- 2 ABABCDCDEEF-F wineA · valleysB · swineA · galleysB · menC · carsD · glenC · starsD · deepE · sleepE · goldF · me · oldF
- 3 ABAB-C-CDDEDE slewA · mireB · grewA · fireB · shone · menC · on · fenC · byD · highD · rolledE · meD · oldE
- 4 -A-ABCBCDDE-E woods · beesA · solitudes · treesA · strandsB · rocksC · handsB · locksC · earD · deerD · boldE · me · oldE
- 5 ABABCDCDE-FEF townA · moonB · downA · tuneB · dayC · feetD · layC · seatD · meE · misery · trolledF · meE · oldF
- 6 ABABC-C-DDE-E doneA · hairB · sunA · airB · wireC · dew · fireC · ulalu · stillD · hillD · coldE · me · oldE
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| I sat on cushioned otter skin: | 9 | ···/˘˘/˘· |
| My word was law from Ith to Emen, | 9 | ········· |
| And shook at Invar Amargin | 8 | ········ |
| The hearts of the world-troubling seamen. | 10 | ·····/˘˘/˘ |
| And drove tumult and war away | 8 | ··/˘··˘/ |
| From girl and boy and man and beast; | 8 | ········ |
| The fields grew fatter day by day, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The wild fowl of the air increased; | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| And every ancient Ollave said, | 9 | ·/˘˘/˘··· |
| While he bent down his fading head, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| "He drives away the Northern cold." | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me, | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| the beech leaves old. | 4 | ···· |
| I sat and mused and drank sweet wine; | 9 | ····˘···· |
| A herdsman came from inland valleys, | 9 | ·····/·/˘ |
| Crying, the pirates drove his swine | 8 | /˘·/˘··· |
| To fill their dark-beaked hollow galleys. | 10 | ·····˘/˘/˘ |
| I called my battle-breaking men, | 9 | ··˘·/˘/˘· |
| And my loud brazen battle-cars | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| From rolling vale and rivery glen, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘˘· |
| And under the blinking of the stars | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| Fell on the pirates by the deep, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And hurled them in the gulph of sleep: | 9 | ··˘······ |
| These hands won many a torque of gold. | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me, | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| the beech leaves old. | 4 | ···· |
| But slowly, as I shouting slew | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And trampled in the bubbling mire, | 10 | ·/˘˘··/˘˘· |
| In my most secret spirit grew | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| A whirling and a wandering fire: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘/˘ |
| I stood: keen stars above me shone, | 8 | ········ |
| Around me shone keen eyes of men: | 8 | ········ |
| I laughed aloud and hurried on | 9 | ··˘˘/·/˘· |
| By rocky shore and rushy fen; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| I laughed because birds fluttered by, | 10 | ··˘···/˘˘· |
| And starlight gleamed, and clouds flew high, | 9 | ·/··˘···· |
| And rushes waved and waters rolled. | 10 | ·/˘·˘·/˘·˘ |
| They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me, | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| the beech leaves old. | 4 | ···· |
| And now I wander in the woods | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| When summer gluts the golden bees, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Or in autumnal solitudes | 8 | ··˘/˘/˘· |
| Arise the leopard-coloured trees; | 9 | ˘/·/˘/˘˘· |
| Or when along the wintry strands | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| The cormorants shiver on their rocks; | 9 | ·/˘˘/˘··· |
| I wander on, and wave my hands, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And sing, and shake my heavy locks. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The gray wolf knows me; by one ear | 8 | ········ |
| I lead along the woodland deer; | 8 | ··˘/·/·· |
| The hares run by me growing bold. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me, | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| the beech leaves old. | 4 | ···· |
| I came upon a little town, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| That slumbered in the harvest moon, | 9 | ·/˘˘··/˘· |
| And passed a-tiptoe up and down, | 9 | ··˘·/···· |
| Murmuring, to a fitful tune, | 8 | /˘˘··/˘· |
| How I have followed, night and day, | 9 | ···/˘˘··· |
| A tramping of tremendous feet, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/˘· |
| And saw where this old tympan lay, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Deserted on a doorway seat, | 8 | ˘/˘··/·· |
| And bore it to the woods with me; | 8 | ········ |
| Of some unhuman misery | 8 | ··˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Our married voiced wildly trolled. | 10 | /˘/˘·˘/˘·˘ |
| They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me, | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| the beech leaves old. | 4 | ···· |
| I sang how, when day's toil is done, | 8 | ········ |
| Orchil shakes out her long dark hair | 8 | /˘······ |
| That hides away the dying sun | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| And sheds faint odours through the air: | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| When my hand passed from wire to wire | 10 | ·····/˘·/˘ |
| It quenched, with sound like falling dew, | 9 | ··˘···/˘· |
| The whirling and the wandering fire; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘/˘ |
| But lift a mournful ulalu, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| For the kind wires are torn and still, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| And I must wander wood and hill | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Through summer's heat and winter's cold. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| They will not hush, the leaves a-flutter round me, | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| the beech leaves old. | 4 | ···· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.