Part V

Oscar Wilde (1854–1900) · 1898

iambic tetrameter · 102 lines · from The Ballad of Reading Gaol

I know not whether Laws be right,Or whether Laws be wrong;All that we know who lie in gaolIs that the wall is strong;And that each day is like a year,A year whose days are long.

But this I know, that every LawThat men have made for Man,Since first Man took His brother's life,And the sad world began,But straws the wheat and saves the chaffWith a most evil fan.

This too I know- and wise it wereIf each could know the same-That every prison that men buildIs built with bricks of shame,And bound with bars lest Christ should seeHow men their brothers maim.

With bars they blur the gracious moon,And blind the goodly sun:And they do well to hide their Hell,For in it things are doneThat Son of God nor son of ManEver should look upon!

The vilest deeds like poison weedsBloom well in prison-air:It is only what is good in ManThat wastes and withers there:Pale Anguish keeps the heavy gate,And the warder is Despair.

For they starve the little frightened childTill it weeps both night and day:And they scourge the weak, and flog the fool,And gibe the old and gray,And some grow mad, and all grow bad,And none a word may say.

Each narrow cell in which we dwellIs a foul and dark latrine,And the fetid breath of living DeathChokes up each grated screen,And all, but Lust, is turned to dustIn Humanity's machine.

The brackish water that we drinkCreeps with a loathsome slime,And the bitter bread they weigh in scalesIs full of chalk and lime,And Sleep will not lie down, but walksWild-eyed, and cries to Time.

But though lean Hunger and green ThirstLike asp with adder fight,We have little care of prison fare,For what chills and kills outrightIs that every stone one lifts by dayBecomes one's heart by night.

With midnight always in one's heart,And twilight in one's cell,We turn the crank, or tear the rope,Each in his separate Hell,And the silence is more awful farThan the sound of a brazen bell.

And never a human voice comes nearTo speak a gentle word:And the eye that watches through the doorIs pitiless and hard:And by all forgot, we rot and rot,With soul and body marred.

And thus we rust Life's iron chainDegraded and alone:And some men curse, and some men weep,And some men make no moan:But God's eternal Laws are kindAnd break the heart of stone.

And every human heart that breaks,In prison-cell or yard,Is as that broken box that gaveIts treasure to the Lord,And filled the unclean leper's houseWith the scent of costliest nard.

Ah! happy they whose hearts can breakAnd peace of pardon win!How else may man make straight his planAnd cleanse his soul from Sin?How else but through a broken heartMay Lord Christ enter in?

And he of the swollen purple throat,And the stark and staring eyes,Waits for the holy hands that tookThe Thief to Paradise;And a broken and a contrite heartThe Lord will not despise.

The man in red who reads the LawGave him three weeks of life,Three little weeks in which to healHis soul of his soul's strife,And cleanse from every blot of bloodThe hand that held the knife.

And with tears of blood he cleansed the hand,The hand that held the steel:For only blood can wipe out blood,And only tears can heal:And the crimson stain that was of CainBecame Christ's snow-white seal.

Words in this poem

goodly a.
Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
withers n.
The ridge between the shoulder bones of a horse, at the base of the neck. See Illust. of Horse. [Properly, the parts which resist the pull or strain in drawing a load; fr. OE. wither resistance, AS. withre, fr. wither against; akin to G. widerrist withers. ]
warder n.
One who wards or keeps; a keeper; a guard.
scourge n.
A lash; a strap or cord; especially, a lash used to inflict pain or punishment; an instrument of punishment or discipline; a whip. [F. escourgée, fr. L. excoriata (sc. scutica) a stripped off (lash or whip), fr. excoriate to strip, to skin. See Excoriate.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
latrine n.
A privy, or water-closet, esp. in a camp, hospital, etc. [L. latrina: cf. F. latrines.]
grated a.
Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows. [From 2d Grate.]
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
outright adv.
Immediately; without delay; at once; as, he was killed outright.
nard n.
An East Indian plant (Nardostachys Jatamansi) of the Valerian family, used from remote ages in Oriental perfumery. [AS., fr. L. nardus, Gr. nêrd, Per. nard, Scr. nalada.]
stark adv.
Wholly; entirely; absolutely; quite; as, stark mind.
contrite a.
Thoroughly bruised or broken. [L. contritus bruised, p. p. of contrere to grind, bruise; con- + terere to rub, grind: cf. F. contrit See Trite.]
despise v. t.
To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of. [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Des]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part V is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Ballad of Reading Gaol, Project Gutenberg ebook #301; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Oscar Wilde, Part V, in The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #301, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/wilde-reading-gaol/part-v.html, id L07166.

Form and metre

Part V is 102 lines in 17 stanzas of 6 lines each. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 98% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.2 syllables. 35% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A-A right · wrongA · gaol · strongA · year · longA
  2. 2 -A-A-A law · manA · life · beganA · chaff · fanA
  3. 3 -A-A-A were · sameA · build · shameA · see · maimA
  4. 4 -A-A-- moon · sunA · hell · doneA · man · upon
  5. 5 -A-A-A weeds · airA · man · thereA · gate · despairA
  6. 6 -A-A-A child · dayA · fool · grayA · bad · sayA
  7. 7 -A-A-A dwell · latrineA · death · screenA · dust · machineA
  8. 8 -A-A-A drink · slimeA · scales · limeA · walks · timeA
  9. 9 -A-A-A thirst · fightA · fare · outrightA · day · nightA
  10. 10 -A-A-A heart · cellA · rope · hellA · far · bellA
  11. 11 ---A-A near · word · door · hardA · rot · marredA
  12. 12 -A-A-A chain · aloneA · weep · moanA · kind · stoneA
  13. 13 -A---A breaks · yardA · gave · lord · house · nardA
  14. 14 -AAA-A break · winA · planA · sinA · heart · inA
  15. 15 -A---A throat · eyesA · took · paradise · heart · despiseA
  16. 16 -A-A-A law · lifeA · heal · strifeA · blood · knifeA
  17. 17 -A-A-A hand · steelA · blood · healA · cain · sealA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
I know not whether Laws be right,8········
Or whether Laws be wrong;6······
All that we know who lie in gaol8········
Is that the wall is strong;6······
And that each day is like a year,8········
A year whose days are long.6······
But this I know, that every Law8·····/˘·
That men have made for Man,6······
Since first Man took His brother's life,8·····/˘·
And the sad world began,6····˘/
But straws the wheat and saves the chaff8········
With a most evil fan.6···/˘·
This too I know- and wise it were8········
If each could know the same-6······
That every prison that men build8·/˘/˘···
Is built with bricks of shame,6······
And bound with bars lest Christ should see8········
How men their brothers maim.6···/˘·
With bars they blur the gracious moon,8·····/˘·
And blind the goodly sun:6···/˘·
And they do well to hide their Hell,8········
For in it things are done6······
That Son of God nor son of Man8········
Ever should look upon!6/˘····
The vilest deeds like poison weeds8·····/˘·
Bloom well in prison-air:6···/˘·
It is only what is good in Man9··/˘·····
That wastes and withers there:6···/˘·
Pale Anguish keeps the heavy gate,8·/˘··/˘·
And the warder is Despair.7··/˘·˘/
For they starve the little frightened child9····/˘/˘·
Till it weeps both night and day:7·······
And they scourge the weak, and flog the fool,9·········
And gibe the old and gray,6······
And some grow mad, and all grow bad,8········
And none a word may say.6······
Each narrow cell in which we dwell8·/˘·····
Is a foul and dark latrine,7·····˘/
And the fetid breath of living Death9··/˘··/˘·
Chokes up each grated screen,6···/˘·
And all, but Lust, is turned to dust8········
In Humanity's machine.6·˘/˘˘/
The brackish water that we drink8·/˘/˘···
Creeps with a loathsome slime,6···/˘·
And the bitter bread they weigh in scales9··/˘·····
Is full of chalk and lime,6······
And Sleep will not lie down, but walks8········
Wild-eyed, and cries to Time.6······
But though lean Hunger and green Thirst8···/˘···
Like asp with adder fight,6···/˘·
We have little care of prison fare,9··/˘··/˘·
For what chills and kills outright7·····//
Is that every stone one lifts by day9··/˘·····
Becomes one's heart by night.6˘/····
With midnight always in one's heart,8·/·/····
And twilight in one's cell,6·/····
We turn the crank, or tear the rope,8········
Each in his separate Hell,7···/˘··
And the silence is more awful far9··/˘··/˘·
Than the sound of a brazen bell.8·····/˘·
And never a human voice comes near8·/·/˘···
To speak a gentle word:6···/˘·
And the eye that watches through the door9····/˘···
Is pitiless and hard:6·/˘˘··
And by all forgot, we rot and rot,9···˘/····
With soul and body marred.6···/˘·
And thus we rust Life's iron chain7·····/·
Degraded and alone:6˘/˘·˘/
And some men curse, and some men weep,8········
And some men make no moan:6······
But God's eternal Laws are kind8··˘/˘···
And break the heart of stone.6······
And every human heart that breaks,8·/˘/˘···
In prison-cell or yard,6·/˘···
Is as that broken box that gave8···/˘···
Its treasure to the Lord,6·/˘···
And filled the unclean leper's house8···˘//˘·
With the scent of costliest nard.7····/˘·
Ah! happy they whose hearts can break8·/˘·····
And peace of pardon win!6···/˘·
How else may man make straight his plan8········
And cleanse his soul from Sin?6······
How else but through a broken heart8·····/˘·
May Lord Christ enter in?6···/˘·
And he of the swollen purple throat,9····/˘/˘·
And the stark and staring eyes,7····/˘·
Waits for the holy hands that took8···/˘···
The Thief to Paradise;6···/˘·
And a broken and a contrite heart9··/˘··˘/·
The Lord will not despise.6····˘/
The man in red who reads the Law8········
Gave him three weeks of life,6······
Three little weeks in which to heal8·/˘·····
His soul of his soul's strife,6······
And cleanse from every blot of blood8···/˘···
The hand that held the knife.6······
And with tears of blood he cleansed the hand,9·········
The hand that held the steel:6······
For only blood can wipe out blood,8·/˘·····
And only tears can heal:6·/˘···
And the crimson stain that was of Cain9··/˘·····
Became Christ's snow-white seal.6˘/····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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