The Slave-Ships

John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892) · 1865

iambic tetrameter · 131 lines · from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform

"That fatal, that perfidious bark,Built I' the eclipse, and rigged with curses dark."MILTON'S Lycidas.

"ALL ready?" cried the captain;"Ay, ay!" the seamen said;"Heave up the worthless lubbers,--The dying and the dead."Up from the slave-ship's prisonFierce, bearded heads were thrust:"Now let the sharks look to it,--Toss up the dead ones first!"

Corpse after corpse came up,Death had been busy there;Where every blow is mercy,Why should the spoiler spare?Corpse after corpse they castSullenly from the ship,Yet bloody with the tracesOf fetter-link and whip.

Gloomily stood the captain,With his arms upon his breast,With his cold brow sternly knotted,And his iron lip compressed.

"Are all the dead dogs over?"Growled through that matted lip;"The blind ones are no better,Let's lighten the good ship."

Hark! from the ship's dark bosom,The very sounds of hell!The ringing clank of iron,The maniac's short, sharp yell!The hoarse, low curse, throat-stifled;The starving infant's moan,The horror of a breaking heartPoured through a mother's groan.

Up from that loathsome prisonThe stricken blind ones caneBelow, had all been darkness,Above, was still the same.Yet the holy breath of heavenWas sweetly breathing there,And the heated brow of feverCooled in the soft sea air.

"Overboard with them, shipmates!"Cutlass and dirk were plied;Fettered and blind, one after one,Plunged down the vessel's side.The sabre smote above,Beneath, the lean shark lay,Waiting with wide and bloody jawHis quick and human prey.

God of the earth! what criesRang upward unto thee?Voices of agony and blood,From ship-deck and from sea.The last dull plunge was heard,The last wave caught its stain,And the unsated shark looked upFor human hearts in vain.

Red glowed the western waters,The setting sun was there,Scattering alike on wave and cloudHis fiery mesh of hair.Amidst a group in blindness,A solitary eyeGazed, from the burdened slaver's deck,Into that burning sky.

"A storm," spoke out the gazer,"Is gathering and at hand;Curse on 't, I'd give my other eyeFor one firm rood of land."And then he laughed, but onlyHis echoed laugh replied,For the blinded and the sufferingAlone were at his side.

Night settled on the waters,And on a stormy heaven,While fiercely on that lone ship's trackThe thunder-gust was driven."A sail!--thank God, a sail!"And as the helmsman spoke,Up through the stormy murmurA shout of gladness broke.

Down came the stranger vessel,Unheeding on her way,So near that on the slaver's deckFell off her driven spray."Ho! for the love of mercy,We're perishing and blind!"A wail of utter agonyCame back upon the wind.

"Help us! for we are strickenWith blindness every one;Ten days we've floated fearfully,Unnoting star or sun.Our ship 's the slaver Leon,--We've but a score on board;Our slaves are all gone over,--Help, for the love of God!"

On livid brows of agonyThe broad red lightning shone;But the roar of wind and thunderStifled the answering groan;Wailed from the broken watersA last despairing cry,As, kindling in the stormy' light,The stranger ship went by.

In the sunny GuadaloupeA dark-hulled vessel lay,With a crew who noted neverThe nightfall or the day.The blossom of the orangeWas white by every stream,And tropic leaf, and flower, and birdWere in the warns sunbeam.

And the sky was bright as ever,And the moonlight slept as well,On the palm-trees by the hillside,And the streamlet of the dell:And the glances of the CreoleWere still as archly deep,And her smiles as full as everOf passion and of sleep.

But vain were bird and blossom,The green earth and the sky,And the smile of human faces,To the slaver's darkened eye;At the breaking of the morning,At the star-lit evening time,O'er a world of light and beautyFell the blackness of his crime.

Words in this poem 25
corpse n.
A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
spoiler n.
One who spoils; a plunderer; a pillager; a robber; a despoiler.
sternly adv.
In a stern manner.
clank n.
A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually expressing a duller or less resounding sound than clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than clink. [Akin to clink, and of imitative origin; cf. G. klang sound, D. klank. Cf. Clang.]
stricken p. p.
Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
cutlass n.
A short, heavy, curving sword, used in the navy. See Curtal ax. [F. coutelas (cf. It. coltellaccio), augm. fr. L. cuttellus a smallknife, dim. of culter knife. See Colter, and cf. Curtal ax.]
dirk n.
A kind of dagger or poniard; -- formerly much used by the Scottish Highlander. Dirk knife, a clasp knife having a large, dirklike blade. [Ir. duirc.]
fettered a.
Seeming as if fettered, as the feet pf certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for walking.
sabre n.
A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.
mesh n.
The opening or space inclosed by the threads of a net between knot and knot, or the threads inclosing such a space; network; a net. [AS. masc, max, m; akin to D. maas, masche, OHG. masca, Icel. möskvi; cf. Lith. mazgas a knot, megsti to weave nets, to knot.]
amidst prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
rood n.
A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross with Christ hanging on it. [AS. rr, D. roede rod, G. ruthe, rute, OHG. ruota. CF. Rod a measure.]
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
thank n.
A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. [AS. Þanc, Þonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. Þ\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. Þagks thanks; -]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
fearfully adv.
In a fearful manner.
despairing a.
Feeling or expressing despair; hopeless.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
nightfall n.
The close of the day.
sunbeam n.
A beam or ray of the sun. [AS. sunnebeam.]
streamlet n.
A small stream; a rivulet; a rill.
dell n.
A small, retired valley; a ravine. [AS. del, akin to E. dale; cf. D. delle, del, low ground. See Dale.]
archly adv.
In an arch manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness; slyly; waggishly.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Slave-Ships is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, The Slave-Ships, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/the-slave-ships.html, id L24842.

Form and metre

The Slave-Ships is 131 lines in 18 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA- barkA · darkA · lycidas
  2. 2 -A-A---- captain · saidA · lubbers · deadA · prison · thrust · it · first
  3. 3 -A-A-B-B up · thereA · mercy · spareA · cast · shipB · traces · whipB
  4. 4 -A-A captain · breastA · knotted · compressedA
  5. 5 -A-A over · lipA · better · shipA
  6. 6 -ABA-B-B bosom · hellA · ironB · yellA · stifled · moanB · heart · groanB
  7. 7 AA--AB-B prisonA · caneA · darkness · same · heavenA · thereB · fever · airB
  8. 8 -A-A-B-B shipmates · pliedA · one · sideA · above · layB · jaw · preyB
  9. 9 -A-A-B-B cries · theeA · blood · seaA · heard · stainB · up · vainB
  10. 10 -A-A-B-B waters · thereA · cloud · hairA · blindness · eyeB · deck · skyB
  11. 11 -A-A-B-B gazer · handA · eye · landA · only · repliedB · suffering · sideB
  12. 12 -----A-A waters · heaven · track · driven · sail · spokeA · murmur · brokeA
  13. 13 -A-A-B-B vessel · wayA · deck · sprayA · mercy · blindB · agony · windB
  14. 14 AA-AA--- strickenA · oneA · fearfully · sunA · leonA · board · over · god
  15. 15 -A-A-B-B agony · shoneA · thunder · groanA · waters · cryB · light · byB
  16. 16 -A-A-B-B guadaloupe · layA · never · dayA · orange · streamB · bird · sunbeamB
  17. 17 AB-BBCAC everA · wellB · hillside · dellB · creoleB · deepC · everA · sleepC
  18. 18 -A-A-B-B blossom · skyA · faces · eyeA · morning · timeB · beauty · crimeB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
"That fatal, that perfidious bark,9·/˘·˘/˘˘·
Built I' the eclipse, and rigged with curses dark."11···˘/···/˘·
MILTON'S Lycidas.5/˘···
"ALL ready?" cried the captain;7·/˘··/˘
"Ay, ay!" the seamen said;6···/˘·
"Heave up the worthless lubbers,--7···/˘/˘
The dying and the dead."6·/˘···
Up from the slave-ship's prison7·····/˘
Fierce, bearded heads were thrust:6·/˘···
"Now let the sharks look to it,--7·······
Toss up the dead ones first!"6······
Corpse after corpse came up,6······
Death had been busy there;6···/˘·
Where every blow is mercy,7·/˘··/˘
Why should the spoiler spare?6···/˘·
Corpse after corpse they cast6······
Sullenly from the ship,6······
Yet bloody with the traces7·/˘··/˘
Of fetter-link and whip.6·/˘···
Gloomily stood the captain,7/˘˘··/˘
With his arms upon his breast,7·······
With his cold brow sternly knotted,8····/˘/˘
And his iron lip compressed.6··/·˘/
"Are all the dead dogs over?"6······
Growled through that matted lip;6···/˘·
"The blind ones are no better,7·····/˘
Let's lighten the good ship."6·/˘···
Hark! from the ship's dark bosom,7·····/˘
The very sounds of hell!6·/˘···
The ringing clank of iron,7·/˘··/˘
The maniac's short, sharp yell!7·/˘····
The hoarse, low curse, throat-stifled;7·····/˘
The starving infant's moan,6·/˘/˘·
The horror of a breaking heart8·/˘··/˘·
Poured through a mother's groan.6···/˘·
Up from that loathsome prison7···/˘/˘
The stricken blind ones cane6·/˘···
Below, had all been darkness,7·····/˘
Above, was still the same.6······
Yet the holy breath of heaven7··/˘··/
Was sweetly breathing there,6·/˘/˘·
And the heated brow of fever8··/˘··/˘
Cooled in the soft sea air.6······
"Overboard with them, shipmates!"7/˘···/·
Cutlass and dirk were plied;6/˘····
Fettered and blind, one after one,8/˘······
Plunged down the vessel's side.6···/˘·
The sabre smote above,6·/˘···
Beneath, the lean shark lay,6······
Waiting with wide and bloody jaw8/˘···/˘·
His quick and human prey.6···/˘·
God of the earth! what cries6······
Rang upward unto thee?6·/˘···
Voices of agony and blood,7/˘·/˘··
From ship-deck and from sea.6······
The last dull plunge was heard,6······
The last wave caught its stain,6······
And the unsated shark looked up8········
For human hearts in vain.6·/˘···
Red glowed the western waters,7···/˘/˘
The setting sun was there,6·/˘···
Scattering alike on wave and cloud8/˘˘/····
His fiery mesh of hair.6·/˘···
Amidst a group in blindness,7˘/···/˘
A solitary eye6·/˘·˘·
Gazed, from the burdened slaver's deck,8···/˘···
Into that burning sky.6···/˘·
"A storm," spoke out the gazer,7·····/˘
"Is gathering and at hand;6·/˘···
Curse on 't, I'd give my other eye9······/˘·
For one firm rood of land."6······
And then he laughed, but only7·····/˘
His echoed laugh replied,6·/˘·˘/
For the blinded and the suffering8··/˘··/˘
Alone were at his side.6˘/····
Night settled on the waters,7·/˘··/˘
And on a stormy heaven,7···/˘/˘
While fiercely on that lone ship's track8·/˘·····
The thunder-gust was driven.7·/˘··/˘
"A sail!--thank God, a sail!"6······
And as the helmsman spoke,6···/··
Up through the stormy murmur7···/˘/˘
A shout of gladness broke.6···/˘·
Down came the stranger vessel,7···/˘/˘
Unheeding on her way,6······
So near that on the slaver's deck8········
Fell off her driven spray.6···/˘·
"Ho! for the love of mercy,7·····/˘
We're perishing and blind!"6·/˘˘··
A wail of utter agony7···/˘/˘
Came back upon the wind.6······
"Help us! for we are stricken7·····/˘
With blindness every one;6·/˘/˘·
Ten days we've floated fearfully,8···/˘/˘˘
Unnoting star or sun.6······
Our ship 's the slaver Leon,--8/···/˘/˘
We've but a score on board;6······
Our slaves are all gone over,--6/·····
Help, for the love of God!"6······
On livid brows of agony7·/˘··/˘
The broad red lightning shone;6···/˘·
But the roar of wind and thunder8······/˘
Stifled the answering groan;6/˘·/˘·
Wailed from the broken waters7···/˘/˘
A last despairing cry,6··˘/˘·
As, kindling in the stormy' light,8·/˘··/˘·
The stranger ship went by.6·/˘···
In the sunny Guadaloupe7··/˘···
A dark-hulled vessel lay,6···/˘·
With a crew who noted never7····/˘/
The nightfall or the day.6·/····
The blossom of the orange7·/˘··/˘
Was white by every stream,6···/˘·
And tropic leaf, and flower, and bird8·/˘··/··
Were in the warns sunbeam.6····/·
And the sky was bright as ever,7······/
And the moonlight slept as well,7··/····
On the palm-trees by the hillside,8······/·
And the streamlet of the dell:7··/˘···
And the glances of the Creole8··/˘··/˘
Were still as archly deep,6···/˘·
And her smiles as full as ever7······/
Of passion and of sleep.6·/˘···
But vain were bird and blossom,7·····/˘
The green earth and the sky,6······
And the smile of human faces,8····/˘/˘
To the slaver's darkened eye;7····/˘·
At the breaking of the morning,8··/˘··/˘
At the star-lit evening time,7····/˘·
O'er a world of light and beauty8······/˘
Fell the blackness of his crime.7··/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by John Greenleaf Whittier