The Sentence of John L. Brown

John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892) · 1865

iambic tetrameter · 107 lines · from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform

Oh, from the fields of cane,From the low rice-swamp, from the trader's cell;From the black slave-ship's foul and loathsome hell,And coffle's weary chain;Hoarse, horrible, and strong,Rises to Heaven that agonizing cry,Filling the arches of the hollow sky,How long, O God, how long?

Ho! thou who seekest late and longA License from the Holy BookFor brutal lust and fiendish wrong,Man of the Pulpit, look!Lift up those cold and atheist eyes,This ripe fruit of thy teaching see;And tell us how to heaven will riseThe incense of this sacrifice--This blossom of the gallows tree!

Search out for slavery's hour of needSome fitting text of sacred writ;Give heaven the credit of a deedWhich shames the nether pit.Kneel, smooth blasphemer, unto HimWhose truth is on thy lips a lie;Ask that His bright winged cherubimMay bend around that scaffold grimTo guard and bless and sanctify.

O champion of the people's causeSuspend thy loud and vain rebukeOf foreign wrong and Old World's laws,Man of the Senate, look!Was this the promise of the free,The great hope of our early time,That slavery's poison vine should beUpborne by Freedom's prayer-nursed treeO'erclustered with such fruits of crime?

Send out the summons East and West,And South and North, let all be thereWhere he who pitied the oppressedSwings out in sun and air.Let not a Democratic handThe grisly hangman's task refuse;There let each loyal patriot stand,Awaiting slavery's command,To twist the rope and draw the noose!

But vain is irony--unmeetIts cold rebuke for deeds which startIn fiery and indignant beatThe pulses of the heart.Leave studied wit and guarded phraseFor those who think but do not feel;Let men speak out in words which raiseWhere'er they fall, an answering blazeLike flints which strike the fire from steel.

Still let a mousing priesthood plyTheir garbled text and gloss of sin,And make the lettered scroll denyIts living soul within:Still let the place-fed, titled knavePlead robbery's right with purchased lips,And tell us that our fathers gaveFor Freedom's pedestal, a slave,The frieze and moulding, chains and whips!

But ye who own that Higher LawWhose tablets in the heart are set,Speak out in words of power and aweThat God is living yet!Breathe forth once more those tones sublimeWhich thrilled the burdened prophet's lyre,And in a dark and evil timeSmote down on Israel's fast of crimeAnd gift of blood, a rain of fire!

Oh, not for us the graceful layTo whose soft measures lightly moveThe footsteps of the faun and fay,O'er-locked by mirth and love!But such a stern and startling strainAs Britain's hunted bards flung downFrom Snowden to the conquered plain,Where harshly clanked the Saxon chain,On trampled field and smoking town.

By Liberty's dishonored name,By man's lost hope and failing trust,By words and deeds which bow with shameOur foreheads to the dust,By the exulting strangers' sneer,Borne to us from the Old World's thrones,And by their victims' grief who hear,In sunless mines and dungeons drear,How Freedom's land her faith disowns!

Speak out in acts. The time for wordsHas passed, and deeds suffice alone;In vain against the clang of swordsThe wailing pipe is blown!Act, act in God's name, while ye may!Smite from the church her leprous limb!Throw open to the light of dayThe bondman's cell, and break awayThe chains the state has bound on him!

Ho! every true and living soul,To Freedom's perilled altar bearThe Freeman's and the Christian's wholeTongue, pen, and vote, and prayer!One last, great battle for the right--One short, sharp struggle to be free!To do is to succeed--our fightIs waged in Heaven's approving sight;The smile of God is Victory.

Words in this poem 22
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
fiendish a.
Like a fiend; diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal; malignant; devilish; hellish.
atheist n.
One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. [Gr. athéiste.]
nether a.
Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part; having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under; -- opposed to upper. [OE. nethere, neithere, AS. ni, fr. the adv. ni downward; akin to neo below, beneath, D. neder down, G. nieder, Sw. nedre below, nether, a. & adv., and also to S]
kneel v. i.
To bend the knee; to fall or rest on the knees; -- sometimes with down. [OE. knelen, cneolien; akin to D. knielen, Dan. knæle. See Knee.]
blasphemer n.
One who blasphemes.
cherubim n.
The Hebrew plural of Cherub.. Cf. Seraphim.
sanctify v. t.
To make sacred or holy; to set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by appropriate rites; to hallow. [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare; sanctus holy + - ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and -fy.]
unmeet a.
Not meet or fit; not proper; unbecoming; unsuitable; -- usually followed by for.
indignant a.
Affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath, as when a person is exasperated by unworthy or unjust treatment, by a mean action, or by a degrading accusation. [L. indignans, -antis, p. pr. of indignari to be indignant, disdain. See Indign.]
mousing a.
Impertinently inquisitive; prying; meddlesome.
lettered a.
Literate; educated; versed in literature.
titled a.
Having or bearing a title.
knave n.
A boy; especially, a boy servant. Wyclif. [OE., boy, servant, knave, AS. cnafa boy, youth; cf. AS. cnapa boy, youth, D. kna, G. knabe boy, knappe esquire, Icel. knapi, Sw. knape esquire, knäfvel knave.]
moulding n.
The act or process of shaping in or on a mold, or of making molds; the art or occupation of a molder.
faun n.
A god of fields and shipherds, diddering little from the satyr. [L. Faunus, fr. favere to be favorable. See Favor.]
exulting a.
Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant.
sunless a.
Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.
drear n.
Sadness; dismalness.
suffice v. i.
To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate. [OE. suffisen, OF. soufire, F. suffire (cf. suffisant, p.pr.), L. sufficere to put under, to substitute, to avail for, to suffice; sub under + facere to make. Se]
clang v. t.
To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound. [L. clangere; akin to Gr. clank.]
approving a.
Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Sentence of John L. Brown is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, The Sentence of John L. Brown, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/the-sentence-of-john-l-brown.html, id L24862.

Form and metre

The Sentence of John L. Brown is 107 lines in 12 stanzas. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABABCDCCD, in 5 of the 12 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABBACDDC caneA · cellB · hellB · chainA · strongC · cryD · skyD · longC
  2. 2 ABABCDC-D longA · bookB · wrongA · lookB · eyesC · seeD · riseC · sacrifice · treeD
  3. 3 ABABC--C- needA · writB · deedA · pitB · himC · lie · cherubim · grimC · sanctify
  4. 4 A-A-BCBBC causeA · rebuke · lawsA · look · freeB · timeC · beB · treeB · crimeC
  5. 5 ABABC-CC- westA · thereB · oppressedA · airB · handC · refuse · standC · commandC · noose
  6. 6 ABABCDCCD unmeetA · startB · beatA · heartB · phraseC · feelD · raiseC · blazeC · steelD
  7. 7 ABABCDCCD plyA · sinB · denyA · withinB · knaveC · lipsD · gaveC · slaveC · whipsD
  8. 8 ABABCDCCD lawA · setB · aweA · yetB · sublimeC · lyreD · timeC · crimeC · fireD
  9. 9 ABABCDCCD layA · moveB · fayA · loveB · strainC · downD · plainC · chainC · townD
  10. 10 ABABCDCCD nameA · trustB · shameA · dustB · sneerC · thronesD · hearC · drearC · disownsD
  11. 11 -A-ABCBBC words · aloneA · swords · blownA · mayB · limbC · dayB · awayB · himC
  12. 12 ABABC-CC- soulA · bearB · wholeA · prayerB · rightC · free · fightC · sightC · victory
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Oh, from the fields of cane,6······
From the low rice-swamp, from the trader's cell;10·······/˘·
From the black slave-ship's foul and loathsome hell,10·······/˘·
And coffle's weary chain;5··/˘·
Hoarse, horrible, and strong,6·/˘˘··
Rises to Heaven that agonizing cry,8/˘·/·/˘·
Filling the arches of the hollow sky,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
How long, O God, how long?6······
Ho! thou who seekest late and long8···/˘···
A License from the Holy Book8·/˘··/˘·
For brutal lust and fiendish wrong,8·/˘··/˘·
Man of the Pulpit, look!6···/˘·
Lift up those cold and atheist eyes,8·····/˘·
This ripe fruit of thy teaching see;8·····/˘·
And tell us how to heaven will rise8·····/··
The incense of this sacrifice--8·/···/˘·
This blossom of the gallows tree!8·/˘··/˘·
Search out for slavery's hour of need8···/˘/··
Some fitting text of sacred writ;8·/˘··/˘·
Give heaven the credit of a deed8·/·/˘···
Which shames the nether pit.6···/˘·
Kneel, smooth blasphemer, unto Him8··˘/˘···
Whose truth is on thy lips a lie;8········
Ask that His bright winged cherubim8·····/˘˘
May bend around that scaffold grim8·····/˘·
To guard and bless and sanctify.8·····/˘˘
O champion of the people's cause8·/˘··/˘·
Suspend thy loud and vain rebuke8˘/····˘/
Of foreign wrong and Old World's laws,8·/˘·····
Man of the Senate, look!6···/˘·
Was this the promise of the free,8···/˘···
The great hope of our early time,8····//˘·
That slavery's poison vine should be8·/˘/˘···
Upborne by Freedom's prayer-nursed tree8···/˘···
O'erclustered with such fruits of crime?8········
Send out the summons East and West,8···/˘···
And South and North, let all be there8········
Where he who pitied the oppressed8···/··˘/
Swings out in sun and air.6······
Let not a Democratic hand8····˘/˘·
The grisly hangman's task refuse;8·/˘/˘·˘/
There let each loyal patriot stand,8···/˘/˘·
Awaiting slavery's command,8˘/˘/˘˘˘/
To twist the rope and draw the noose!8········
But vain is irony--unmeet8···/˘˘˘/
Its cold rebuke for deeds which start8··˘/····
In fiery and indignant beat8·/˘·˘/˘·
The pulses of the heart.6·/˘···
Leave studied wit and guarded phrase8·/˘··/˘·
For those who think but do not feel;8········
Let men speak out in words which raise8········
Where'er they fall, an answering blaze9˘˘/···/˘·
Like flints which strike the fire from steel.8·····/··
Still let a mousing priesthood ply8···/˘/˘·
Their garbled text and gloss of sin,8·/˘·····
And make the lettered scroll deny8···/˘·˘/
Its living soul within:6·/˘···
Still let the place-fed, titled knave8·····/˘·
Plead robbery's right with purchased lips,8·/˘··/˘·
And tell us that our fathers gave8····//˘·
For Freedom's pedestal, a slave,8·/˘/˘˘··
The frieze and moulding, chains and whips!8···/˘···
But ye who own that Higher Law8·····/˘·
Whose tablets in the heart are set,8·/˘·····
Speak out in words of power and awe8·····/··
That God is living yet!6···/˘·
Breathe forth once more those tones sublime8······˘/
Which thrilled the burdened prophet's lyre,8···/˘/˘·
And in a dark and evil time8·····/˘·
Smote down on Israel's fast of crime8···/˘···
And gift of blood, a rain of fire!9·······/˘
Oh, not for us the graceful lay8·····/˘·
To whose soft measures lightly move8···/˘/˘·
The footsteps of the faun and fay,8·/······
O'er-locked by mirth and love!7··˘····
But such a stern and startling strain8·····/˘·
As Britain's hunted bards flung down8·/˘/˘···
From Snowden to the conquered plain,8·/˘··/˘·
Where harshly clanked the Saxon chain,8·/˘··/˘·
On trampled field and smoking town.8·/˘··/˘·
By Liberty's dishonored name,8·/˘˘˘/˘·
By man's lost hope and failing trust,8·····/˘·
By words and deeds which bow with shame8········
Our foreheads to the dust,7/˘/····
By the exulting strangers' sneer,8··˘/˘/˘·
Borne to us from the Old World's thrones,8········
And by their victims' grief who hear,8···/˘···
In sunless mines and dungeons drear,8·/˘··/˘·
How Freedom's land her faith disowns!8·/˘···˘/
Speak out in acts. The time for words8········
Has passed, and deeds suffice alone;8····˘/˘/
In vain against the clang of swords8········
The wailing pipe is blown!6·/˘···
Act, act in God's name, while ye may!8········
Smite from the church her leprous limb!8·····/˘·
Throw open to the light of day8·/˘·····
The bondman's cell, and break away8······˘/
The chains the state has bound on him!8········
Ho! every true and living soul,8·/˘··/˘·
To Freedom's perilled altar bear8·/˘/˘/˘·
The Freeman's and the Christian's whole8·/˘··/˘·
Tongue, pen, and vote, and prayer!6······
One last, great battle for the right--8···/˘···
One short, sharp struggle to be free!8···/˘···
To do is to succeed--our fight8····˘//·
Is waged in Heaven's approving sight;9···/˘˘/˘·
The smile of God is Victory.8·····/˘˘

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