The Pastoral Letter

John Greenleaf Whittier (1807–1892) · 1865

iambic pentameter · 120 lines · from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform

So, this is all,--the utmost reachOf priestly power the mind to fetter!When laymen think, when women preach,A war of words, a "Pastoral Letter!"Now, shame upon ye, parish Popes!Was it thus with those, your predecessors,Who sealed with racks, and fire, and ropesTheir loving-kindness to transgressors?

A "Pastoral Letter," grave and dull;Alas! in hoof and horns and features,How different is your Brookfield bullFrom him who bellows from St. Peter'sYour pastoral rights and powers from harm,Think ye, can words alone preserve them?Your wiser fathers taught the armAnd sword of temporal power to serve them.

Oh, glorious days, when Church and StateWere wedded by your spiritual fathers!And on submissive shoulders satYour Wilsons and your Cotton Mathers.No vile "itinerant" then could marThe beauty of your tranquil Zion,But at his peril of the scarOf hangman's whip and branding-iron.

Then, wholesome laws relieved the ChurchOf heretic and mischief-maker,And priest and bailiff joined in search,By turns, of Papist, witch, and QuakerThe stocks were at each church's door,The gallows stood on Boston Common,A Papist's ears the pillory bore,--The gallows-rope, a Quaker woman!

Your fathers dealt not as ye dealWith "non-professing" frantic teachers;They bored the tongue with red-hot steel,And flayed the backs of "female preachers."Old Hampton, had her fields a tongue,And Salem's streets could tell their story,Of fainting woman dragged along,Gashed by the whip accursed and gory!

And will ye ask me, why this tauntOf memories sacred from the scorner?And why with reckless hand I plantA nettle on the graves ye honor?Not to reproach New England's deadThis record from the past I summon,Of manhood to the scaffold led,And suffering and heroic woman.

No, for yourselves alone, I turnThe pages of intolerance over,That, in their spirit, dark and stern,Ye haply may your own discover!For, if ye claim the "pastoral right"To silence Freedom's voice of warning,And from your precincts shut the lightOf Freedom's day around ye dawning;

If when an earthquake voice of powerAnd signs in earth and heaven are showingThat forth, in its appointed hour,The Spirit of the Lord is goingAnd, with that Spirit, Freedom's lightOn kindred, tongue, and people breaking,Whose slumbering millions, at the sight,In glory and in strength are waking!

When for the sighing of the poor,And for the needy, God bath risen,And chains are breaking, and a doorIs opening for the souls in prison!If then ye would, with puny hands,Arrest the very work of Heaven,And bind anew the evil bandsWhich God's right arm of power hath riven;

What marvel that, in many a mind,Those darker deeds of bigot madnessAre closely with your own combined,Yet "less in anger than in sadness"?What marvel, if the people learnTo claim the right of free opinion?What marvel, if at times they spurnThe ancient yoke of your dominion?

A glorious remnant linger yet,Whose lips are wet at Freedom's fountains,The coming of whose welcome feetIs beautiful upon our mountains!Men, who the gospel tidings bringOf Liberty and Love forever,Whose joy is an abiding spring,Whose peace is as a gentle river!

But ye, who scorn the thrilling taleOf Carolina's high-souled daughters,Which echoes here the mournful wailOf sorrow from Edisto's waters,Close while ye may the public ear,With malice vex, with slander wound them,The pure and good shall throng to hear,And tried and manly hearts surround them.

Oh, ever may the power which ledTheir way to such a fiery trial,And strengthened womanhood to treadThe wine-press of such self-denial,Be round them in an evil land,With wisdom and with strength from Heaven,With Miriam's voice, and Judith's hand,And Deborah's song, for triumph given!

And what are ye who strive with GodAgainst the ark of His salvation,Moved by the breath of prayer abroad,With blessings for a dying nation?What, but the stubble and the hayTo perish, even as flax consuming,With all that bars His glorious way,Before the brightness of His coming?

And thou, sad Angel, who so longHast waited for the glorious token,That Earth from all her bonds of wrongTo liberty and light has broken,--

Angel of Freedom! soon to theeThe sounding trumpet shall be given,And over Earth's full jubileeShall deeper joy be felt in Heaven!

Words in this poem 18
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
wedded a.
Joined in wedlock; married.
zion n.
A hill in Jerusalem, which, after the capture of that city by the Israelites, became the royal residence of David and his successors. [Heb. tsiy, originally, a hill.]
heretic n.
One who holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine contrary to the established faith or prevailing religion. [L. haereticus, Gr. hérétique. See Heresy.]
papist n.
A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents. [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.]
quaker n.
One who quakes.
backs n.
Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
gory a.
Covered with gore or clotted blood. [From Gore.]
scorner n.
One who scorns; a despiser; a contemner; specifically, a scoffer at religion.
haply adv.
By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
discover v. i.
To discover or show one's self.
puny a.
Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty. [F. puîté younger, later born, OF. puisné; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + né born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.]
bigot n.
A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious hypocrite. [F. bigot a bigot or hypocrite, a name once given to the Normans in France. Of unknown origin; possibly akin to Sp. bigote a whisker; hombre de bigote a man of s]
sadness n.
Heaviness; firmness.
spurn v. t.
To drive back or away, as with the foot; to kick. [OE. spurnen to kick against, to stumble over, AS. spurnan to kick, offend; akin to spura spur, OS. & OHG. spurnan to kick, Icel. spyrna, L. spernere to despise,]
thrilling a.
Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving; as, a thrilling romance.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Pastoral Letter is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, The Pastoral Letter, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/the-pastoral-letter.html, id L24853.

Form and metre

The Pastoral Letter is 120 lines in 16 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAB-C-C reachA · fetterB · preachA · letterB · popes · predecessorsC · ropes · transgressorsC
  2. 2 ----ABAB dull · features · bull · peter's · harmA · themB · armA · themB
  3. 3 ----A-A- state · fathers · sat · mathers · marA · zion · scarA · iron
  4. 4 ABABC-C- churchA · makerB · searchA · quakerB · doorC · common · boreC · woman
  5. 5 ABAB-C-C dealA · teachersB · steelA · preachersB · tongue · storyC · along · goryC
  6. 6 ----A-A- taunt · scorner · plant · honor · deadA · summon · ledA · woman
  7. 7 A-A-B-B- turnA · over · sternA · discover · rightB · warning · lightB · dawning
  8. 8 ABABCDCD powerA · showingB · hourA · goingB · lightC · breakingD · sightC · wakingD
  9. 9 -A-AB-B- poor · risenA · door · prisonA · handsB · heaven · bandsB · riven
  10. 10 ABABCDCD mindA · madnessB · combinedA · sadnessB · learnC · opinionD · spurnC · dominionD
  11. 11 -A-AB-B- yet · fountainsA · feet · mountainsA · bringB · forever · springB · river
  12. 12 ABABCDCD taleA · daughtersB · wailA · watersB · earC · themD · hearC · themD
  13. 13 ABABC-C- ledA · trialB · treadA · denialB · landC · heaven · handC · given
  14. 14 -A-AB-B- god · salvationA · abroad · nationA · hayB · consuming · wayB · coming
  15. 15 ABAB longA · tokenB · wrongA · brokenB
  16. 16 A-A- theeA · given · jubileeA · heaven
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
So, this is all,--the utmost reach8·····/··
Of priestly power the mind to fetter!9·/˘/···/˘
When laymen think, when women preach,8·/˘··/˘·
A war of words, a "Pastoral Letter!"9·····/˘/˘
Now, shame upon ye, parish Popes!8·····/˘·
Was it thus with those, your predecessors,10······/˘·˘
Who sealed with racks, and fire, and ropes8·····/··
Their loving-kindness to transgressors?9·/˘/˘·˘/˘
A "Pastoral Letter," grave and dull;8·/˘/˘···
Alas! in hoof and horns and features,9˘/·····/˘
How different is your Brookfield bull8·/˘··/··
From him who bellows from St. Peter's9···/˘··/˘
Your pastoral rights and powers from harm,8·/˘··/··
Think ye, can words alone preserve them?9····˘/˘/·
Your wiser fathers taught the arm8·/˘/˘···
And sword of temporal power to serve them.9···/˘/···
Oh, glorious days, when Church and State8·/˘·····
Were wedded by your spiritual fathers!9·/˘··/˘/˘
And on submissive shoulders sat8··˘/˘/˘·
Your Wilsons and your Cotton Mathers.9·/˘··/˘/˘
No vile "itinerant" then could mar8··˘/˘···
The beauty of your tranquil Zion,9·/˘··/˘/˘
But at his peril of the scar8···/˘···
Of hangman's whip and branding-iron.9·/˘··/˘/˘
Then, wholesome laws relieved the Church8·/˘·˘/··
Of heretic and mischief-maker,9·/˘˘·/˘/˘
And priest and bailiff joined in search,8···/˘···
By turns, of Papist, witch, and Quaker9···/˘··/˘
The stocks were at each church's door,8·····/˘·
The gallows stood on Boston Common,9·/˘··/˘/˘
A Papist's ears the pillory bore,--8·····/˘·
The gallows-rope, a Quaker woman!9·/˘··/˘/˘
Your fathers dealt not as ye deal8·/˘·····
With "non-professing" frantic teachers;9··˘/˘/˘/˘
They bored the tongue with red-hot steel,8········
And flayed the backs of "female preachers."9·····/·/˘
Old Hampton, had her fields a tongue,8·/˘·····
And Salem's streets could tell their story,9·/˘····/˘
Of fainting woman dragged along,8·/˘/˘·˘/
Gashed by the whip accursed and gory!9·······/˘
And will ye ask me, why this taunt8········
Of memories sacred from the scorner?9·/˘/˘··/˘
And why with reckless hand I plant8···/˘···
A nettle on the graves ye honor?9·/˘····/˘
Not to reproach New England's dead8··˘/·/˘·
This record from the past I summon,9·/˘····/˘
Of manhood to the scaffold led,8·/···/˘·
And suffering and heroic woman.9·/˘·˘/˘/˘
No, for yourselves alone, I turn8··˘/˘/··
The pages of intolerance over,8·/˘·˘/˘·
That, in their spirit, dark and stern,8···/˘···
Ye haply may your own discover!9·/˘···˘/˘
For, if ye claim the "pastoral right"8·····/˘·
To silence Freedom's voice of warning,9·/˘/˘··/˘
And from your precincts shut the light8···/····
Of Freedom's day around ye dawning;9·/˘····/˘
If when an earthquake voice of power9···/···/˘
And signs in earth and heaven are showing9·····/·/˘
That forth, in its appointed hour,9····˘/˘/˘
The Spirit of the Lord is going9·/˘····/˘
And, with that Spirit, Freedom's light8···/˘/˘·
On kindred, tongue, and people breaking,9·/˘··/˘/˘
Whose slumbering millions, at the sight,8·/˘/˘···
In glory and in strength are waking!9·/˘····/˘
When for the sighing of the poor,8···/˘···
And for the needy, God bath risen,9···/˘··/˘
And chains are breaking, and a door8···/˘···
Is opening for the souls in prison!9·/˘····/˘
If then ye would, with puny hands,8·····/˘·
Arrest the very work of Heaven,9˘/·/˘··/˘
And bind anew the evil bands8··˘/·/˘·
Which God's right arm of power hath riven;9·····/·/˘
What marvel that, in many a mind,8·/˘··/··
Those darker deeds of bigot madness9·/˘··/˘/˘
Are closely with your own combined,8·/˘···˘/
Yet "less in anger than in sadness"?9···/˘··/˘
What marvel, if the people learn8·/˘··/˘·
To claim the right of free opinion?9······˘/˘
What marvel, if at times they spurn8·/˘·····
The ancient yoke of your dominion?9·/˘···˘/˘
A glorious remnant linger yet,8·/˘/˘/˘·
Whose lips are wet at Freedom's fountains,9·····/˘/˘
The coming of whose welcome feet8·/˘··/˘·
Is beautiful upon our mountains!9·/˘˘··//˘
Men, who the gospel tidings bring8···/˘/˘·
Of Liberty and Love forever,9·/˘˘··˘/˘
Whose joy is an abiding spring,8····˘/˘·
Whose peace is as a gentle river!9·····/˘/˘
But ye, who scorn the thrilling tale8·····/˘·
Of Carolina's high-souled daughters,9··˘/˘··/˘
Which echoes here the mournful wail8·/˘··/˘·
Of sorrow from Edisto's waters,9·/˘·/˘˘/˘
Close while ye may the public ear,8·····/˘·
With malice vex, with slander wound them,9·/˘··/˘··
The pure and good shall throng to hear,8········
And tried and manly hearts surround them.9···/˘·˘/·
Oh, ever may the power which led8·/··/˘··
Their way to such a fiery trial,9·····/˘/˘
And strengthened womanhood to tread8·/˘/˘···
The wine-press of such self-denial,9······˘/˘
Be round them in an evil land,8·····/˘·
With wisdom and with strength from Heaven,9·/˘····/˘
With Miriam's voice, and Judith's hand,8·/˘··/˘·
And Deborah's song, for triumph given!8·/˘··/˘/
And what are ye who strive with God8········
Against the ark of His salvation,9······˘/˘
Moved by the breath of prayer abroad,8······˘/
With blessings for a dying nation?9·/˘··/˘/˘
What, but the stubble and the hay8···/˘···
To perish, even as flax consuming,9·/˘/··˘/˘
With all that bars His glorious way,8·····/˘·
Before the brightness of His coming?9···/˘··/˘
And thou, sad Angel, who so long8···/˘···
Hast waited for the glorious token,9·/˘··/˘/˘
That Earth from all her bonds of wrong8········
To liberty and light has broken,--9·/˘˘···/˘
Angel of Freedom! soon to thee8/˘·/˘···
The sounding trumpet shall be given,9·/˘/˘··/˘
And over Earth's full jubilee8·····/˘·
Shall deeper joy be felt in Heaven!9·/˘····/˘

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