The Crisis
ACROSS the Stony Mountains, o'er the desert'sdrouth and sand,The circles of our empire touch the western ocean'sstrand;From slumberous Timpanogos, to Gila, wild andfree,Flowing down from Nuevo-Leon to California's sea;And from the mountains of the east, to SantaRosa's shore,The eagles of Mexitli shall beat the air no more.
O Vale of Rio Bravo! Let thy simple childrenweep;Close watch about their holy fire let maids ofPecos keep;Let Taos send her cry across Sierra Madre's pines,And Santa Barbara toll her bells amidst her cornand vines;For lo! the pale land-seekers come, with eager eyesof gain,Wide scattering, like the bison herds on broadSalada's plain.
Let Sacramento's herdsmen heed what sound thewinds bring downOf footsteps on the crisping snow, from coldNevada's crown!Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein oftravel slack,And, bending o'er his saddle, leaves the sunrise athis back;By many a lonely river, and gorge of fir andpine,On many a wintry hill-top, his nightly camp-firesshine.
O countrymen and brothers! that land of lake andplain,Of salt wastes alternating with valleys fat withgrain;Of mountains white with winter, looking downward,cold, serene,On their feet with spring-vines tangled and lappedin softest green;Swift through whose black volcanic gates, o'ermany a sunny vale,Wind-like the Arapahoe sweeps the bison's dustytrail!
Great spaces yet untravelled, great lakes whosemystic shoresThe Saxon rifle never heard, nor dip of Saxon oars;Great herds that wander all unwatched, wild steedsthat none have tamed,Strange fish in unknown streams, and birds theSaxon never named;Deep mines, dark mountain crucibles, where Nature'schemic powersWork out the Great Designer's will; all these yesay are ours!
Forever ours! for good or ill, on us the burdenlies;God's balance, watched by angels, is hung acrossthe skies.Shall Justice, Truth, and Freedom turn the poisedand trembling scale?Or shall the Evil triumph, and robber Wrong prevail?Shall the broad land o'er which our flag in starrysplendor waves,Forego through us its freedom, and bear the treadof slaves?
The day is breaking in the East of which theprophets told,And brightens up the sky of Time the ChristianAge of Gold;Old Might to Right is yielding, battle blade toclerkly pen,Earth's monarchs are her peoples, and her serfsstand up as men;
The isles rejoice together, in a day are nationsborn,And the slave walks free in Tunis, and by Stamboul'sGolden Horn!
Is this, O countrymen of mine! a day for us to sowThe soil of new-gained empire with slavery's seedsof woe?To feed with our fresh life-blood the Old World'scast-off crime,Dropped, like some monstrous early birth, fromthe tired lap of Time?To run anew the evil race the old lost nations ran,And die like them of unbelief of God, and wrongof man?
Great Heaven! Is this our mission? End in thisthe prayers and tears,The toil, the strife, the watchings of our younger,better years?Still as the Old World rolls in light, shall ours inshadow turn,A beamless Chaos, cursed of God, through outerdarkness borne?Where the far nations looked for light, a black-ness in the air?Where for words of hope they listened, the longwail of despair?
The Crisis presses on us; face to face with us itstands,With solemn lips of question, like the Sphinx inEgypt's sands!This day we fashion Destiny, our web of Fate wespin;This day for all hereafter choose we holiness orsin;Even now from starry Gerizim, or Ebal's cloudycrown,We call the dews of blessing or the bolts of cursingdown!
By all for which the martyrs bore their agony andshame;By all the warning words of truth with which theprophets came;By the Future which awaits us; by all the hopeswhich castTheir faint and trembling beams across the black-ness of the Past;And by the blessed thought of Him who for Earth'sfreedom died,O my people! O my brothers! let us choose therighteous side.
So shall the Northern pioneer go joyful on hisway;To wed Penobseot's waters to San Francisco's bay;To make the rugged places smooth, and sow thevales with grain;And bear, with Liberty and Law, the Bible in histrainThe mighty West shall bless the East, and sea shallanswer sea,And mountain unto mountain call, Praise God, forwe are free
Words in this poem 21
- slumberous a.
- Inviting slumber; soporiferous.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- vale n.
- A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
- bravo n.
- A daring villain; a bandit; one who sets law at defiance; a professional assassin or murderer. [I. See Brave, a.]
- sierra n.
- A ridge of mountain and craggy rocks, with a serrated or irregular outline; as, the Sierra Nevada. [Sp., properly, a saw, fr. L. serra a saw. See Serrate.]
- barbara n.
- The first word in certain mnemonic lines which represent the various forms of the syllogism. It indicates a syllogism whose three propositions are universal affirmatives. Whately. [Coined by logicians.]
- amidst prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- wintry a.
- Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
- nightly a.
- Of or pertaining to the night, or to every night; happening or done by night, or every night; as, nightly shades; he kept nightly vigils.
- sunny a.
- Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
- starry a.
- Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
- forego v. t.
- To quit; to relinquish; to leave. [See Forgo.]
- clerkly adv.
- In a scholarly manner.
- unbelief n.
- The withholding of belief; doubt; incredulity; skepticism. [Pref. un- not + belief: cf. AS. ungeleáfa.]
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- beamless a.
- Not having a beam.
- chaos n.
- An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
- cursed a.
- Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
- crisis n.
- The point of time when it is to be decided whether any affair or course of action must go on, or be modified or terminate; the decisive moment; the turning point. [L. crisis, Gr. Certain.]
- hereafter adv.
- In time to come; in some future time or state. [AS. hræfter.]
- pioneer n.
- A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances. [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier, fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Crisis is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, The Crisis, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/the-crisis.html, id L24884.
Form and metre
The Crisis is 136 lines in 13 stanzas. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -A-AABB-CC desert's · sandA · ocean's · strandA · andA · freeB · seaB · santa · shoreC · moreC
- 2 -A-AB-B-C-C children · weepA · of · keepA · pinesB · corn · vinesB · eyes · gainC · broad · plainC
- 3 -A-A-B-B-C-C the · downA · cold · crownA · of · slackB · at · backB · and · pineC · fires · shineC
- 4 -A-A-B-B-C-C and · plainA · with · grainA · downward · sereneB · lapped · greenB · o'er · valeC · dusty · trailC
- 5 -AA-BCB-DCD whose · shoresA · oarsA · steeds · tamedB · theC · namedB · nature's · powersD · yeC · oursD
- 6 -A-A-BB-C-C burden · liesA · across · skiesA · poised · scaleB · prevailB · starry · wavesC · tread · slavesC
- 7 ABCBAC-C theA · toldB · christianC · goldB · toA · penC · serfs · menC
- 8 -A-A nations · bornA · stamboul's · hornA
- 9 A-A-B-BC-C sowA · seeds · woeA · world's · crimeB · from · timeB · ranC · wrong · manC
- 10 -A-ABB---C-C this · tearsA · younger · yearsA · inB · turnB · outer · borne · black · airC · long · despairC
- 11 -ABA-B-B-C-C it · standsA · inB · sandsA · we · spinB · or · sinB · cloudy · crownC · cursing · downC
- 12 -ABA-C-C-DBD and · shameA · theB · cameA · hopes · castC · black · pastC · earth's · diedD · theB · sideD
- 13 ABBCDAD-C-C hisA · wayB · bayB · theC · grainD · hisA · trainD · shall · seaC · for · freeC
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| ACROSS the Stony Mountains, o'er the desert's | 11 | ˘/·/˘/˘··/˘ |
| drouth and sand, | 3 | ··· |
| The circles of our empire touch the western ocean's | 13 | ·/˘·//˘··/˘/˘ |
| strand; | 1 | · |
| From slumberous Timpanogos, to Gila, wild and | 13 | ·/˘˘·····/˘·· |
| free, | 1 | · |
| Flowing down from Nuevo-Leon to California's sea; | 13 | /··/˘/˘··˘/˘· |
| And from the mountains of the east, to Santa | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| Rosa's shore, | 3 | /˘· |
| The eagles of Mexitli shall beat the air no more. | 13 | ·/˘·········· |
| O Vale of Rio Bravo! Let thy simple children | 13 | ···/˘/˘··/˘/˘ |
| weep; | 1 | · |
| Close watch about their holy fire let maids of | 11 | ·····/˘/··· |
| Pecos keep; | 3 | /˘· |
| Let Taos send her cry across Sierra Madre's pines, | 13 | ·····˘/˘/˘/·· |
| And Santa Barbara toll her bells amidst her corn | 12 | ·/˘/˘···˘/·· |
| and vines; | 2 | ·· |
| For lo! the pale land-seekers come, with eager eyes | 12 | ·····/˘··/˘· |
| of gain, | 2 | ·· |
| Wide scattering, like the bison herds on broad | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Salada's plain. | 4 | ˘/˘· |
| Let Sacramento's herdsmen heed what sound the | 11 | ··˘/˘/˘···· |
| winds bring down | 3 | ··· |
| Of footsteps on the crisping snow, from cold | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| Nevada's crown! | 4 | ˘/˘· |
| Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein of | 11 | ·····/˘···· |
| travel slack, | 3 | /˘· |
| And, bending o'er his saddle, leaves the sunrise at | 12 | ·/˘··/˘··/·· |
| his back; | 2 | ·· |
| By many a lonely river, and gorge of fir and | 12 | ·/·/˘/˘····· |
| pine, | 1 | · |
| On many a wintry hill-top, his nightly camp-fires | 12 | ·/·/˘···/˘·/ |
| shine. | 1 | · |
| O countrymen and brothers! that land of lake and | 11 | ·/˘·/˘····· |
| plain, | 1 | · |
| Of salt wastes alternating with valleys fat with | 12 | ···/˘·˘·/˘·· |
| grain; | 1 | · |
| Of mountains white with winter, looking downward, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘/ |
| cold, serene, | 3 | ·˘/ |
| On their feet with spring-vines tangled and lapped | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| in softest green; | 4 | ·/˘· |
| Swift through whose black volcanic gates, o'er | 9 | ····˘/˘·· |
| many a sunny vale, | 6 | /˘·/˘· |
| Wind-like the Arapahoe sweeps the bison's dusty | 13 | ···˘/˘···/˘/˘ |
| trail! | 1 | · |
| Great spaces yet untravelled, great lakes whose | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| mystic shores | 3 | /˘· |
| The Saxon rifle never heard, nor dip of Saxon oars; | 13 | ·/˘/˘/····/˘· |
| Great herds that wander all unwatched, wild steeds | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| that none have tamed, | 4 | ···· |
| Strange fish in unknown streams, and birds the | 9 | ···˘/···· |
| Saxon never named; | 5 | /˘/˘· |
| Deep mines, dark mountain crucibles, where Nature's | 10 | ···/˘/˘·/˘ |
| chemic powers | 4 | /˘/˘ |
| Work out the Great Designer's will; all these ye | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| say are ours! | 4 | ··/˘ |
| Forever ours! for good or ill, on us the burden | 13 | ˘/˘/·······/˘ |
| lies; | 1 | · |
| God's balance, watched by angels, is hung across | 11 | ·/˘··/˘··˘/ |
| the skies. | 2 | ·· |
| Shall Justice, Truth, and Freedom turn the poised | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| and trembling scale? | 5 | ·/˘˘· |
| Or shall the Evil triumph, and robber Wrong prevail? | 12 | ···//˘·/˘·˘/ |
| Shall the broad land o'er which our flag in starry | 11 | ······/··/˘ |
| splendor waves, | 3 | /˘· |
| Forego through us its freedom, and bear the tread | 11 | ˘/···/˘···· |
| of slaves? | 2 | ·· |
| The day is breaking in the East of which the | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| prophets told, | 3 | /˘· |
| And brightens up the sky of Time the Christian | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| Age of Gold; | 3 | ··· |
| Old Might to Right is yielding, battle blade to | 11 | ·····/˘/˘·· |
| clerkly pen, | 3 | /˘· |
| Earth's monarchs are her peoples, and her serfs | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| stand up as men; | 4 | ···· |
| The isles rejoice together, in a day are nations | 13 | ··˘/˘/˘····/˘ |
| born, | 1 | · |
| And the slave walks free in Tunis, and by Stamboul's | 12 | ······/˘···· |
| Golden Horn! | 3 | /˘· |
| Is this, O countrymen of mine! a day for us to sow | 13 | ···/˘········ |
| The soil of new-gained empire with slavery's seeds | 11 | ·····/˘·/˘· |
| of woe? | 2 | ·· |
| To feed with our fresh life-blood the Old World's | 10 | ···/······ |
| cast-off crime, | 3 | ··· |
| Dropped, like some monstrous early birth, from | 9 | ···/˘/˘·· |
| the tired lap of Time? | 7 | ·/˘˘··· |
| To run anew the evil race the old lost nations ran, | 13 | ··˘/·/····/˘· |
| And die like them of unbelief of God, and wrong | 12 | ············ |
| of man? | 2 | ·· |
| Great Heaven! Is this our mission? End in this | 10 | ·/··//˘··· |
| the prayers and tears, | 4 | ···· |
| The toil, the strife, the watchings of our younger, | 11 | ·····/˘·//˘ |
| better years? | 3 | /˘· |
| Still as the Old World rolls in light, shall ours in | 11 | ·········/· |
| shadow turn, | 3 | /·· |
| A beamless Chaos, cursed of God, through outer | 10 | ·/˘/˘····/ |
| darkness borne? | 3 | /˘· |
| Where the far nations looked for light, a black- | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| ness in the air? | 4 | ···· |
| Where for words of hope they listened, the long | 10 | ······/˘·· |
| wail of despair? | 4 | ··˘/ |
| The Crisis presses on us; face to face with us it | 13 | ·/˘/˘········ |
| stands, | 1 | · |
| With solemn lips of question, like the Sphinx in | 11 | ·/˘··/˘···· |
| Egypt's sands! | 3 | /˘· |
| This day we fashion Destiny, our web of Fate we | 12 | ···/˘/˘/···· |
| spin; | 1 | · |
| This day for all hereafter choose we holiness or | 12 | ····˘/˘··/˘· |
| sin; | 1 | · |
| Even now from starry Gerizim, or Ebal's cloudy | 13 | /··/˘······/˘ |
| crown, | 1 | · |
| We call the dews of blessing or the bolts of cursing | 13 | ·····/˘····/˘ |
| down! | 1 | · |
| By all for which the martyrs bore their agony and | 12 | ·····/˘··/˘· |
| shame; | 1 | · |
| By all the warning words of truth with which the | 11 | ···/˘······ |
| prophets came; | 3 | /˘· |
| By the Future which awaits us; by all the hopes | 12 | ··/˘·˘/····· |
| which cast | 2 | ·· |
| Their faint and trembling beams across the black- | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| ness of the Past; | 4 | ···· |
| And by the blessed thought of Him who for Earth's | 10 | ·········· |
| freedom died, | 3 | /˘· |
| O my people! O my brothers! let us choose the | 12 | ··/˘··/˘···· |
| righteous side. | 3 | /˘· |
| So shall the Northern pioneer go joyful on his | 13 | ···/˘·˘/·/˘·· |
| way; | 1 | · |
| To wed Penobseot's waters to San Francisco's bay; | 13 | ·····/˘··˘/˘· |
| To make the rugged places smooth, and sow the | 11 | ···/˘/˘···· |
| vales with grain; | 3 | ··· |
| And bear, with Liberty and Law, the Bible in his | 12 | ···/˘···/˘·· |
| train | 1 | · |
| The mighty West shall bless the East, and sea shall | 11 | ·/˘········ |
| answer sea, | 3 | /˘· |
| And mountain unto mountain call, Praise God, for | 11 | ·/˘··/˘···· |
| we are free | 3 | ··· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.