A Letter
'T is over, Moses! All is lostI hear the bells a-ringing;Of Pharaoh and his Red Sea hostI hear the Free-Wills singingWe're routed, Moses, horse and foot,If there be truth in figures,With Federal Whigs in hot pursuit,And Hale, and all the "niggers."
Alack! alas! this month or moreWe've felt a sad foreboding;Our very dreams the burden boreOf central cliques exploding;Before our eyes a furnace shone,Where heads of dough were roasting,And one we took to be your ownThe traitor Hale was toasting!
Our Belknap brother (5) heard with aweThe Congo minstrels playing;At Pittsfield Reuben Leavitt (6) sawThe ghost of Storrs a-praying;And Calroll's woods were sad to see,With black-winged crows a-darting;And Black Snout looked on Ossipee,New-glossed with Day and Martin.
We thought the "Old Man of the Notch"His face seemed changing wholly--His lips seemed thick; his nose seemed flat;His misty hair looked woolly;And Coos teamsters, shrieking, fledFrom the metamorphosed figure."Look there!" they said, "the Old Stone HeadHimself is turning nigger!"
The schoolhouse, out of Canaan hauledSeemed turning on its track again,And like a great swamp-turtle crawledTo Canaan village back again,Shook off the mud and settled flatUpon its underpinning;A nigger on its ridge-pole sat,From ear to ear a-grinning.
Gray H----d heard o' nights the soundOf rail-cars onward faring;Right over Democratic groundThe iron horse came tearing.A flag waved o'er that spectral train,As high as Pittsfield steeple;Its emblem was a broken chain;Its motto: "To the people!"
I dreamed that Charley took his bed,With Hale for his physician;His daily dose an old "unreadAnd unreferred" petition.There Hayes and Tuck as nurses sat,As near as near could be, man;They leeched him with the "Democrat;"They blistered with the "Freeman."
Ah! grisly portents! What availYour terrors of forewarning?We wake to find the nightmare HaleAstride our breasts at morning!From Portsmouth lights to Indian streamOur foes their throats are trying;The very factory-spindles seemTo mock us while they're flying.
The hills have bonfires; in our streetsFlags flout us in our faces;The newsboys, peddling off their sheets,Are hoarse with our disgraces.In vain we turn, for gibing witAnd shoutings follow after,As if old Kearsarge had splitHis granite sides with laughter.
What boots it that we pelted outThe anti-slavery women,And bravely strewed their hall aboutWith tattered lace and trimming?Was it for such a sad reverseOur mobs became peacemakers,And kept their tar and wooden horseFor Englishmen and Quakers?
For this did shifty AthertonMake gag rules for the Great House?Wiped we for this our feet uponPetitions in our State House?Plied we for this our axe of doom,No stubborn traitor sparing,Who scoffed at our opinion loom,And took to homespun wearing?
Ah, Moses! hard it is to scanThese crooked providences,Deducing from the wisest planThe saddest consequences!Strange that, in trampling as was meetThe nigger-men's petition,We sprang a mine beneath our feetWhich opened up perdition.
How goodly, Moses, was the gameIn which we've long been actors,Supplying freedom with the nameAnd slavery with the practiceOur smooth words fed the people's mouth,Their ears our party rattle;We kept them headed to the South,As drovers do their cattle.
But now our game of politicsThe world at large is learning;And men grown gray in all our tricksState's evidence are turning.Votes and preambles subtly spunThey cram with meanings louder,And load the Democratic gunWith abolition powder.
The ides of June! Woe worth the dayWhen, turning all things over,The traitor Hale shall make his hayFrom Democratic clover!Who then shall take him in the law,Who punish crime so flagrant?Whose hand shall serve, whose pen shall draw,A writ against that "vagrant"?
Alas! no hope is left us here,And one can only pine forThe envied place of overseerOf slaves in Carolina!Pray, Moses, give Calhoun the wink,And see what pay he's giving!We've practised long enough, we think,To know the art of driving.
And for the faithful rank and file,Who know their proper stations,Perhaps it may be worth their whileTo try the rice plantations.Let Hale exult, let Wilson scoff,To see us southward scamper;The slaves, we know, are "better offThan laborers in New Hampshire!"
Words in this poem 24
- pharaoh n.
- A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated. [Heb. paroh; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao, Gr. Faro.]
- alack interj.
- An exclamation expressive of sorrow. [Prob. from ah! lack! OE. lak loss, failure, misfortune. See Lack.]
- toasting
- a. & n. from Toast, v. Toasting fork, a long-handled fork for toasting bread, cheese, or the like, by the fire.
- congo n.
- Black tea, of higher grade (finer leaf and less dusty) than the present bohea. See Tea. [Chin. kung-foo labor.]
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
- nigger n.
- A negro; -- in vulgar derision or depreciation.
- schoolhouse n.
- A house appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or for instruction.
- shook v. t.
- To pack, as staves, in a shook.
- underpinning n.
- The act of one who underpins; the act of supporting by stones, masonry, or the like.
- unread a.
- Not read or perused; as, an unread book. Hooker.
- democrat n.
- One who is an adherent or advocate of democracy, or government by the people. [Cf. F. démocrate.]
- astride adv.
- With one leg on each side, as a man when on horseback; with the legs stretched wide apart; astraddle. [Pref. a- + stride.]
- peddling a.
- Hawking; acting as a peddler.
- bravely adv.
- In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.
- shifty a.
- Full of, or ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or contrivance. Wright.
- homespun a.
- Spun or wrought at home; of domestic manufacture; coarse; plain.
- scan v. t.
- To mount by steps; to go through with step by step. [L. scandere, scansum, to climb, to scan, akin to Skr. skand to spring, leap: cf. F. scander. Cf. Ascend, Descend, Scale a ladder.]
- perdition n.
- Entire loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul, or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal death. [F., fr. L. perditio, fr. perdere, perditum, to ruin, to lose; per (cf. Skr. para away) + -dere (only in comp.) to put; akin to Gr. do. See Do.]
- goodly a.
- Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
- subtly adv.
- In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly.
- ides n.
- The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth day of the other months. [L. idus: cf. F. ides.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- flagrant a.
- Flaming; inflamed; glowing; burning; ardent. [L. flagrans, -antis, p.pr. of flagrate to burn, akin to Gr. flagrant. Cf. Flame, Phlox.]
- scamper v. i.
- To run with speed; to run or move in a quick, hurried manner; to hasten away. [OF. escamper to escape, to save one's self; L. ex from + campus the field (sc. of battle). See Camp, and cf. Decamp, Scamp, n., Shamble, v. t.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
A Letter is in the public domain. This text is taken from Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform, Complete Volume III of The Works of John Greenleaf Whittier, Project Gutenberg ebook #9580; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Greenleaf Whittier, A Letter, in Anti-Slavery Poems and Songs of Labor and Reform (1865), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9580, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whittier-anti-slavery/a-letter.html, id L24872.
Form and metre
A Letter is 136 lines in 17 stanzas of 8 lines each. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABABCDCD, in 7 of the 17 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%).
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -A-A---- lost · ringingA · host · singingA · foot · figures · pursuit · niggers
- 2 ABABCDCD moreA · forebodingB · boreA · explodingB · shoneC · roastingD · ownC · toastingD
- 3 ABABC-C- aweA · playingB · sawA · prayingB · seeC · darting · ossipeeC · martin
- 4 ----A-A- notch · wholly · flat · woolly · fledA · figure · headA · nigger
- 5 ABABCDCD hauledA · againB · crawledA · againB · flatC · underpinningD · satC · grinningD
- 6 A-A-BCBC soundA · faring · groundA · tearing · trainB · steepleC · chainB · peopleC
- 7 ABABCBCB bedA · physicianB · unreadA · petitionB · satC · manB · democratC · freemanB
- 8 ABABCDCD availA · forewarningB · haleA · morningB · streamC · tryingD · seemC · flyingD
- 9 ABABCDCD streetsA · facesB · sheetsA · disgracesB · witC · afterD · splitC · laughterD
- 10 A-A--B-B outA · women · aboutA · trimming · reverse · peacemakersB · horse · quakersB
- 11 ABABCDCD athertonA · houseB · uponA · houseB · doomC · sparingD · loomC · wearingD
- 12 A-A-BCBC scanA · providences · planA · consequences · meetB · petitionC · feetB · perditionC
- 13 A-A-BCBC gameA · actors · nameA · practice · mouthB · rattleC · southB · cattleC
- 14 ABABCDCD politicsA · learningB · tricksA · turningB · spunC · louderD · gunC · powderD
- 15 ABABCDCD dayA · overB · hayA · cloverB · lawC · flagrantD · drawC · vagrantD
- 16 ----A-A- here · for · overseer · carolina · winkA · giving · thinkA · driving
- 17 ABABC-C- fileA · stationsB · whileA · plantationsB · scoffC · scamper · offC · hampshire
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| 'T is over, Moses! All is lost | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| I hear the bells a-ringing; | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Of Pharaoh and his Red Sea host | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| I hear the Free-Wills singing | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| We're routed, Moses, horse and foot, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| If there be truth in figures, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| With Federal Whigs in hot pursuit, | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| And Hale, and all the "niggers." | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Alack! alas! this month or more | 8 | ˘/˘/···· |
| We've felt a sad foreboding; | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Our very dreams the burden bore | 8 | //˘··/˘· |
| Of central cliques exploding; | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| Before our eyes a furnace shone, | 8 | ··/··/˘· |
| Where heads of dough were roasting, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And one we took to be your own | 8 | ········ |
| The traitor Hale was toasting! | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| Our Belknap brother (5) heard with awe | 8 | //˘/˘··· |
| The Congo minstrels playing; | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| At Pittsfield Reuben Leavitt (6) saw | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘· |
| The ghost of Storrs a-praying; | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And Calroll's woods were sad to see, | 8 | ········ |
| With black-winged crows a-darting; | 8 | ···˘··/˘ |
| And Black Snout looked on Ossipee, | 8 | ········ |
| New-glossed with Day and Martin. | 8 | ··˘···/˘ |
| We thought the "Old Man of the Notch" | 8 | ········ |
| His face seemed changing wholly-- | 8 | ···˘/˘/˘ |
| His lips seemed thick; his nose seemed flat; | 8 | ········ |
| His misty hair looked woolly; | 8 | ·/˘··˘/˘ |
| And Coos teamsters, shrieking, fled | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| From the metamorphosed figure. | 8 | ···˘/˘/˘ |
| "Look there!" they said, "the Old Stone Head | 8 | ········ |
| Himself is turning nigger!" | 7 | ˘/·/˘/˘ |
| The schoolhouse, out of Canaan hauled | 8 | ·/···/˘· |
| Seemed turning on its track again, | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| And like a great swamp-turtle crawled | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| To Canaan village back again, | 8 | ·/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Shook off the mud and settled flat | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Upon its underpinning; | 7 | ···/˘·˘ |
| A nigger on its ridge-pole sat, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| From ear to ear a-grinning. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Gray H----d heard o' nights the sound | 8 | ········ |
| Of rail-cars onward faring; | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| Right over Democratic ground | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| The iron horse came tearing. | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| A flag waved o'er that spectral train, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| As high as Pittsfield steeple; | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| Its emblem was a broken chain; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Its motto: "To the people!" | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| I dreamed that Charley took his bed, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| With Hale for his physician; | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| His daily dose an old "unread | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| And unreferred" petition. | 8 | ····˘˘/˘ |
| There Hayes and Tuck as nurses sat, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| As near as near could be, man; | 7 | ······· |
| They leeched him with the "Democrat;" | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| They blistered with the "Freeman." | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| Ah! grisly portents! What avail | 8 | ·/˘/··˘/ |
| Your terrors of forewarning? | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| We wake to find the nightmare Hale | 8 | ·····/·· |
| Astride our breasts at morning! | 8 | ˘//˘··/˘ |
| From Portsmouth lights to Indian stream | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Our foes their throats are trying; | 8 | /˘····/˘ |
| The very factory-spindles seem | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘· |
| To mock us while they're flying. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| The hills have bonfires; in our streets | 8 | ···/˘·/· |
| Flags flout us in our faces; | 8 | ····/˘/˘ |
| The newsboys, peddling off their sheets, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Are hoarse with our disgraces. | 8 | ···/˘˘/˘ |
| In vain we turn, for gibing wit | 8 | ········ |
| And shoutings follow after, | 7 | ·/˘/˘·· |
| As if old Kearsarge had split | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| His granite sides with laughter. | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| What boots it that we pelted out | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The anti-slavery women, | 8 | ·/˘/˘˘/˘ |
| And bravely strewed their hall about | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| With tattered lace and trimming? | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| Was it for such a sad reverse | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Our mobs became peacemakers, | 8 | /˘·˘//·˘ |
| And kept their tar and wooden horse | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| For Englishmen and Quakers? | 7 | ··/˘·/˘ |
| For this did shifty Atherton | 8 | ···/˘/˘˘ |
| Make gag rules for the Great House? | 7 | ······· |
| Wiped we for this our feet upon | 8 | ····/··· |
| Petitions in our State House? | 8 | ˘/˘·/˘·· |
| Plied we for this our axe of doom, | 8 | ····/··· |
| No stubborn traitor sparing, | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Who scoffed at our opinion loom, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| And took to homespun wearing? | 7 | ···/·/˘ |
| Ah, Moses! hard it is to scan | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| These crooked providences, | 8 | ·/˘˘/˘˘˘ |
| Deducing from the wisest plan | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| The saddest consequences! | 7 | ·/˘/˘·˘ |
| Strange that, in trampling as was meet | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The nigger-men's petition, | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| We sprang a mine beneath our feet | 8 | ······/· |
| Which opened up perdition. | 8 | ·/˘˘·˘/˘ |
| How goodly, Moses, was the game | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| In which we've long been actors, | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Supplying freedom with the name | 8 | ˘/˘/˘··· |
| And slavery with the practice | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
| Our smooth words fed the people's mouth, | 8 | /····/˘· |
| Their ears our party rattle; | 8 | ··/˘/˘/˘ |
| We kept them headed to the South, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| As drovers do their cattle. | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| But now our game of politics | 8 | ··/··/˘· |
| The world at large is learning; | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And men grown gray in all our tricks | 8 | ······/· |
| State's evidence are turning. | 7 | ·/˘˘·/˘ |
| Votes and preambles subtly spun | 8 | ··˘/˘/˘· |
| They cram with meanings louder, | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| And load the Democratic gun | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| With abolition powder. | 7 | ··˘/˘/˘ |
| The ides of June! Woe worth the day | 8 | ········ |
| When, turning all things over, | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| The traitor Hale shall make his hay | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| From Democratic clover! | 7 | ··˘/˘/˘ |
| Who then shall take him in the law, | 8 | ········ |
| Who punish crime so flagrant? | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| Whose hand shall serve, whose pen shall draw, | 8 | ········ |
| A writ against that "vagrant"? | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Alas! no hope is left us here, | 8 | ˘/······ |
| And one can only pine for | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| The envied place of overseer | 9 | ·/˘··/˘/˘ |
| Of slaves in Carolina! | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Pray, Moses, give Calhoun the wink, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| And see what pay he's giving! | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| We've practised long enough, we think, | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| To know the art of driving. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| And for the faithful rank and file, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Who know their proper stations, | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| Perhaps it may be worth their while | 8 | ˘/······ |
| To try the rice plantations. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Let Hale exult, let Wilson scoff, | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| To see us southward scamper; | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| The slaves, we know, are "better off | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Than laborers in New Hampshire!" | 8 | ·/˘˘··/˘ |
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