To the Mutable Fair

Edmund Waller (1606–1687) · 1645–1668

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 68 lines · from Poetical Works

Here, Cælia! for thy sake I partWith all that grew so near my heart;The passion that I had for thee,The faith, the love, the constancy!And, that I may successful prove,Transform myself to what you love.

Fool that I was! so much to prizeThose simple virtues you despise;Fool! that with such dull arrows strove,Or hoped to reach a flying dove;For you, that are in motion still,Decline our force, and mock our skill;Who, like Don Quixote, do advanceAgainst a windmill our vain lance.

Now will I wander through the air,Mount, make a stoop at every fair;And, with a fancy unconfined(As lawless as the sea or wind),Pursue you wheresoe'er you fly,And with your various thoughts comply.

The formal stars do travel so,As we their names and courses know;And he that on their changes looks,Would think them govern'd by our books;But never were the clouds reducedTo any art; the motions usedBy those free vapours are so light,So frequent, that the conquer'd sightDespairs to find the rules that guideThose gilded shadows as they slide;And therefore of the spacious air,Jove's royal consort had the care;And by that power did once escape,Declining bold Ixion's rape;She with her own resemblance gracedA shining cloud, which he embraced.

Such was that image, so it smiledWith seeming kindness which beguiledYour Thyrsis lately, when he thoughtHe had his fleeting Cælia caught.'Twas shaped like her, but, for the fair,He fill'd his arms with yielding air.

A fate for which he grieves the less,Because the gods had like success;For in their story one, we see,Pursues a nymph, and takes a tree;A second, with a lover's haste,Soon overtakes whom he had chased,But she that did a virgin seem,Possess'd, appears a wand'ring stream;For his supposed love, a thirdLays greedy hold upon a bird,And stands amazed to find his dearA wild inhabitant of the air.

To these old tales such nymphs as youGive credit, and still make them new;The am'rous now like wonders findIn the swift changes of your mind.

But, Cælia, if you apprehendThe Muse of your incensèd friend,Nor would that he record your blame,And make it live, repeat the same;Again deceive him, and again,And then he swears he'll not complain;For still to be deluded so,Is all the pleasure lovers know;Who, like good falc'ners, take delight,Not in the quarry, but the flight.

Words in this poem

despise v. t.
To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of. [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Des]
windmill n.
A mill operated by the power of the wind, usually by the action of the wind upon oblique vanes or sails which radiate from a horizontal shaft.
graced a.
Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To the Mutable Fair is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poetical Works of Edmund Waller and Sir John Denham, Project Gutenberg ebook #12322; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Edmund Waller, To the Mutable Fair, in Poetical Works (1645–1668), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12322, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/waller-denham/to-the-mutable-fair.html, id L09095.

Form and metre

To the Mutable Fair is 68 lines in 8 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 94% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.3 syllables. 8 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA--BB partA · heartA · thee · constancy · proveB · loveB
  2. 2 AABBCCDD prizeA · despiseA · stroveB · doveB · stillC · skillC · advanceD · lanceD
  3. 3 AABBCC airA · fairA · unconfinedB · windB · flyC · complyC
  4. 4 AABB--CCDDEEFFGG soA · knowA · looksB · booksB · reduced · used · lightC · sightC · guideD · slideD · airE · careE · escapeF · rapeF · gracedG · embracedG
  5. 5 AABBCC smiledA · beguiledA · thoughtB · caughtB · fairC · airC
  6. 6 AABBCCDDEEFF lessA · successA · seeB · treeB · hasteC · chasedC · seemD · streamD · thirdE · birdE · dearF · airF
  7. 7 AABB youA · newA · findB · mindB
  8. 8 AABBCCDDEE apprehendA · friendA · blameB · sameB · againC · complainC · soD · knowD · delightE · flightE
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Here, Cælia! for thy sake I part10··········
With all that grew so near my heart;8········
The passion that I had for thee,8·/˘·····
The faith, the love, the constancy!8·····/˘˘
And, that I may successful prove,8····˘/˘·
Transform myself to what you love.8˘/·/····
Fool that I was! so much to prize8········
Those simple virtues you despise;8·/˘/˘·˘/
Fool! that with such dull arrows strove,8·····/˘·
Or hoped to reach a flying dove;9··˘···/˘·
For you, that are in motion still,8·····/˘·
Decline our force, and mock our skill;10˘//˘···/˘·
Who, like Don Quixote, do advance9···˘/˘·˘/
Against a windmill our vain lance.9···/·/˘··
Now will I wander through the air,8···/˘···
Mount, make a stoop at every fair;9·····/˘˘·
And, with a fancy unconfined9···/˘·˘/˘
(As lawless as the sea or wind),8·/˘·····
Pursue you wheresoe'er you fly,8˘/······
And with your various thoughts comply.9···/˘˘·˘/
The formal stars do travel so,8·/˘··/˘·
As we their names and courses know;8·····/˘·
And he that on their changes looks,8·····/˘·
Would think them govern'd by our books;9···/˘·/˘·
But never were the clouds reduced9·/˘···˘/˘
To any art; the motions used8·/˘··/˘·
By those free vapours are so light,8···/˘···
So frequent, that the conquer'd sight8·/˘··/˘·
Despairs to find the rules that guide8˘/······
Those gilded shadows as they slide;8·/˘/····
And therefore of the spacious air,8·····/˘·
Jove's royal consort had the care;8·/˘˘/···
And by that power did once escape,9···/˘··˘/
Declining bold Ixion's rape;8˘/˘·˘/˘·
She with her own resemblance graced9····˘/˘·˘
A shining cloud, which he embraced.9·/˘···˘/˘
Such was that image, so it smiled9···/˘···˘
With seeming kindness which beguiled9·/˘/˘·˘/˘
Your Thyrsis lately, when he thought8···/˘···
He had his fleeting Cælia caught.10···/˘·····
'Twas shaped like her, but, for the fair,9··˘······
He fill'd his arms with yielding air.8·····/˘·
A fate for which he grieves the less,8········
Because the gods had like success;8······˘/
For in their story one, we see,8···/˘···
Pursues a nymph, and takes a tree;8˘/······
A second, with a lover's haste,8·/˘··/˘·
Soon overtakes whom he had chased,9·/˘·····˘
But she that did a virgin seem,8·····/˘·
Possess'd, appears a wand'ring stream;8˘/˘/····
For his supposed love, a third7··˘/···
Lays greedy hold upon a bird,8·/˘·····
And stands amazed to find his dear9··˘/˘····
A wild inhabitant of the air.9··˘/˘˘···
To these old tales such nymphs as you8········
Give credit, and still make them new;8·/˘·····
The am'rous now like wonders find8·····/˘·
In the swift changes of your mind.8···/˘···
But, Cælia, if you apprehend10········˘/
The Muse of your incensèd friend,7·······
Nor would that he record your blame,8····˘/··
And make it live, repeat the same;8····˘/··
Again deceive him, and again,8˘/˘/··˘/
And then he swears he'll not complain;8······˘/
For still to be deluded so,8····˘/˘·
Is all the pleasure lovers know;8···/˘/˘·
Who, like good falc'ners, take delight,8······˘/
Not in the quarry, but the flight.8···/˘···

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