The Letter

Various (about 800), translated by Arthur Waley · 1918

iambic tetrameter · unrhymed · 48 lines · from A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems

We talked together in the Yung-shou Temple;We parted to the north of the Hsin-ch’ang dyke.Going home--I shed a few tears,Grieving about things,--not sorry for you.Long, long the road to Lan-t’ien;You said yourself you would not be able to write.Reckoning up your halts for eating and sleeping--By this time you’ve crossed the Shang mountains.Last night the clouds scattered away;A thousand leagues, the same moonlight scene.When dawn came, I dreamt I saw your face;It must have been that you were thinking of me.In my dream, I thought I held your handAnd asked you to tell me what your thoughts were.And you said: “I miss you bitterly,But there’s no one here to send to you with a letter.”When I awoke, before I had time to speak,A knocking on the door sounded “Doong, doong!”They came and told me a messenger from Shang-chouHad brought a letter,--a single scroll from you!Up from my pillow I suddenly sprang out of bed,And threw you my clothes, all topsy-turvy.I undid the knot and saw the letter within;A single sheet with thirteen lines of writing.At the top it told the sorrows of an exile’s heart;At the bottom it described the pains of separation.The sorrows and pains took up so much spaceThere was no room left to talk about the weather!But you said that when you wroteYou were staying for the night to the east of Shang-chou;Sitting alone, lighted by a solitary candleLodging in the mountain hostel of Yang-Ch’ēng.Night was late when you finished writing,The mountain moon was slanting towards the west.What is it lies aslant across the moon?A single tree of purple paulovnia flowers--Paulovnia flowers just on the point of fallingAre a symbol to express “thinking of an absent friend.”Lovingly--you wrote on the back side,To send in the letter, your “Poem of the Paulovnia Flower.”The Poem of the Paulovnia Flower has eight rhymes;Yet these eight couplets have cast a spell on my heart.They have taken hold of this morning’s thoughtsAnd carried them to yours, the night you wrote your letter.The whole poem I read three times;Each verse ten times I recite.So precious to me are the fourscore wordsThat each letter changes into a bar of gold!

Words in this poem

bitterly adv.
In a bitter manner.
wrote v. i.
To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.]
yang n.
The cry of the wild goose; a honk. [Of imitative origin.]
aslant adv.
Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely. [Pref. a- + slant.]
fourscore a.
Four times twenty; eighty. [Four + core, n.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Letter is in the public domain. This text is taken from A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #42290, the Arthur Waley translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Various, The Letter, in A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems (1918), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #42290, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/waley-chinese/the-letter.html, id L18820.

Form and metre

The Letter is 48 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 85% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.8 syllables. 15 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 17% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ------------------AA--B--B--------------C---C--- temple · dyke · tears · you · t'ien · write · sleeping · mountains · away · scene · face · me · hand · were · bitterly · letter · speak · doong · chouA · youA · bed · turvy · withinB · writing · heart · separationB · space · weather · wrote · chou · candle · — · writing · west · moon · flowers · falling · friend · side · flower · rhymesC · heart · thoughts · letter · timesC · recite · words · gold
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
We talked together in the Yung-shou Temple;11··˘/˘····/˘
We parted to the north of the Hsin-ch’ang dyke.11·/˘········
Going home--I shed a few tears,8/˘······
Grieving about things,--not sorry for you.10/˘····/˘··
Long, long the road to Lan-t’ien;7·······
You said yourself you would not be able to write.12··˘/····/˘··
Reckoning up your halts for eating and sleeping--12/˘˘····/˘·/˘
By this time you’ve crossed the Shang mountains.9·······/˘
Last night the clouds scattered away;8····/˘˘/
A thousand leagues, the same moonlight scene.9·/˘···/··
When dawn came, I dreamt I saw your face;9·········
It must have been that you were thinking of me.11·······/˘··
In my dream, I thought I held your hand9·········
And asked you to tell me what your thoughts were.10··········
And you said: “I miss you bitterly,9······/˘˘
But there’s no one here to send to you with a letter.”13···········/˘
When I awoke, before I had time to speak,11··˘/·······
A knocking on the door sounded “Doong, doong!”10·/˘···/˘··
They came and told me a messenger from Shang-chou12······/˘˘···
Had brought a letter,--a single scroll from you!11···/˘·/˘···
Up from my pillow I suddenly sprang out of bed,13···/˘·/˘˘····
And threw you my clothes, all topsy-turvy.10······/˘/˘
I undid the knot and saw the letter within;12·˘/·····/˘··
A single sheet with thirteen lines of writing.11·/˘··//··/˘
At the top it told the sorrows of an exile’s heart;13······/˘··/··
At the bottom it described the pains of separation.14··/˘·˘/····˘/˘
The sorrows and pains took up so much space10·/˘·······
There was no room left to talk about the weather!12··········/˘
But you said that when you wrote7·······
You were staying for the night to the east of Shang-chou;13··/˘·········
Sitting alone, lighted by a solitary candle14/˘˘//˘··/˘·˘/˘
Lodging in the mountain hostel of Yang-Ch’ēng.11/˘··/˘/˘···
Night was late when you finished writing,9·····/˘/˘
The mountain moon was slanting towards the west.11·/˘··/˘····
What is it lies aslant across the moon?10····˘/˘/··
A single tree of purple paulovnia flowers--12·/˘··/˘···/˘
Paulovnia flowers just on the point of falling12···/˘·····/˘
Are a symbol to express “thinking of an absent friend.”14··/˘·˘//˘··/˘·
Lovingly--you wrote on the back side,9/˘˘······
To send in the letter, your “Poem of the Paulovnia Flower.”16····/˘·/˘·····/˘
The Poem of the Paulovnia Flower has eight rhymes;13·/˘·····/˘···
Yet these eight couplets have cast a spell on my heart.12············
They have taken hold of this morning’s thoughts10··/˘···/˘·
And carried them to yours, the night you wrote your letter.13·/˘········/˘
The whole poem I read three times;8··/˘····
Each verse ten times I recite.7·····˘/
So precious to me are the fourscore words10·/˘····/˘·
That each letter changes into a bar of gold!12··/˘/˘······

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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