To Varus
First my Thalia stooped in sportive moodTo Syracusan strains, nor blushed withinThe woods to house her. When I sought to tellOf battles and of kings, the Cynthian godPlucked at mine ear and warned me: "Tityrus,Beseems a shepherd-wight to feed fat sheep,But sing a slender song." Now, Varus, I-For lack there will not who would laud thy deeds,And treat of dolorous wars- will rather tuneTo the slim oaten reed my silvan lay.I sing but as vouchsafed me; yet even thisIf, if but one with ravished eyes should read,Of thee, O Varus, shall our tamarisksAnd all the woodland ring; nor can there beA page more dear to Phoebus, than the pageWhere, foremost writ, the name of Varus stands.
Speed ye, Pierian Maids! Within a caveYoung Chromis and Mnasyllos chanced to seeSilenus sleeping, flushed, as was his wont,With wine of yesterday. Not far aloof,Slipped from his head, the garlands lay, and thereBy its worn handle hung a ponderous cup.Approaching- for the old man many a timeHad balked them both of a long hoped-for song-Garlands to fetters turned, they bind him fast.Then Aegle, fairest of the Naiad-band,Aegle came up to the half-frightened boys,Came, and, as now with open eyes he lay,With juice of blood-red mulberries smeared him o'er,Both brow and temples. Laughing at their guile,And crying, "Why tie the fetters? loose me, boys;Enough for you to think you had the power;Now list the songs you wish for- songs for you,Another meed for her" -forthwith began.Then might you see the wild things of the wood,With Fauns in sportive frolic beat the time,And stubborn oaks their branchy summits bow.Not Phoebus doth the rude Parnassian cragSo ravish, nor Orpheus so entrance the heightsOf Rhodope or Ismarus: for he sangHow through the mighty void the seeds were drivenOf earth, air, ocean, and of liquid fire,How all that is from these beginnings grew,And the young world itself took solid shape,Then 'gan its crust to harden, and in the deepShut Nereus off, and mould the forms of thingsLittle by little; and how the earth amazedBeheld the new sun shining, and the showersFall, as the clouds soared higher, what time the woods'Gan first to rise, and living things to roamScattered among the hills that knew them not.Then sang he of the stones by Pyrrha cast,Of Saturn's reign, and of Prometheus' theft,And the Caucasian birds, and told withalNigh to what fountain by his comrades leftThe mariners cried on Hylas till the shore"Then Re-echoed "Hylas, Hylas! soothedPasiphae with the love of her white bull-Happy if cattle-kind had never been!-O ill-starred maid, what frenzy caught thy soulThe daughters too of Proetus filled the fieldsWith their feigned lowings, yet no one of themOf such unhallowed union e'er was fainAs with a beast to mate, though many a timeOn her smooth forehead she had sought for horns,And for her neck had feared the galling plough.O ill-starred maid! thou roamest now the hills,While on soft hyacinths he, his snowy sideReposing, under some dark ilex nowChews the pale herbage, or some heifer tracksAmid the crowding herd. Now close, ye Nymphs,Ye Nymphs of Dicte, close the forest-glades,If haply there may chance upon mine eyesThe white bull's wandering foot-prints: him belikeFollowing the herd, or by green pasture lured,Some kine may guide to the Gortynian stalls.Then sings he of the maid so wonder-struckWith the apples of the Hesperids, and thenWith moss-bound, bitter bark rings round the formsOf Phaethon's fair sisters, from the groundUp-towering into poplars. Next he singsOf Gallus wandering by Permessus' stream,And by a sister of the Muses ledTo the Aonian mountains, and how allThe choir of Phoebus rose to greet him; howThe shepherd Linus, singer of songs divine,Brow-bound with flowers and bitter parsley, spake:"These reeds the Muses give thee, take them thou,Erst to the aged bard of Ascra given,Wherewith in singing he was wont to drawTime-rooted ash-trees from the mountain heights.With these the birth of the Grynean groveBe voiced by thee, that of no grove besideApollo more may boast him." Wherefore speakOf Scylla, child of Nisus, who, 'tis said,Her fair white loins with barking monsters girtVexed the Dulichian ships, and, in the deepSwift-eddying whirlpool, with her sea-dogs toreThe trembling mariners? or how he toldOf the changed limbs of Tereus- what a feast,What gifts, to him by Philomel were given;How swift she sought the desert, with what wingsHovered in anguish o'er her ancient home?All that, of old, Eurotas, happy stream,Heard, as Apollo mused upon the lyre,And bade his laurels learn, Silenus sang;Till from Olympus, loth at his approach,Vesper, advancing, bade the shepherds tellTheir tale of sheep, and pen them in the fold.
Words in this poem 33
- varus n.
- A deformity in which the foot is turned inward. See Talipes.
- dolorous a.
- Full of grief; sad; sorrowful; doleful; dismal; as, a dolorous object; dolorous discourses. [L. dolorosus, from dolor: cf. F. douloureux. See Dolor.]
- oaten a.
- Consisting of an oat straw or stem; as, an oaten pipe.
- silvan a.
- Of or pertaining to woods; composed of woods or groves; woody. [L. silva, less correctly sylva, a wood or grove, perh. akin to Gr. "y`lh; cf. L. Silvanus Silvanus the god of woods: cf. F. sylvain silvan. Cf. Savage.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- phoebus n.
- Apollo; the sun god.
- pierian a.
- Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses. [L. Pierius, from Mount Pierus, in Thessaly, sacred to the Muses.]
- naiad n.
- A water nymph; one of the lower female divinities, fabled to preside over some body of fresh water, as a lake, river, brook, or fountain. [L. naias, -adis, naïs, -idis, a water nymph, Gr naïade. Cf. Naid.]
- meed v. t.
- To reward; to repay. Waytt.
- forthwith adv.
- Immediately; without delay; directly.
- branchy a.
- Full of branches; having wide-spreading branches; consisting of branches.
- parnassian a.
- Of or pertaining to Parnassus. [L. Parnassius.]
- crag n.
- The neck or throat [A form of craw: cf. D. kraag neck, collar, G. kragen. See Craw.]
- orpheus n.
- The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.
- mould n.
- Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
- caucasian a.
- Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas.
- withal adv.
- With this; with that. [With + all.]
- unhallowed a.
- Not consecrated; hence, profane; unholy; impious; wicked. [Pref. un- not + hallowed.]
- fain v. t.
- To be glad ; to wish or desire.
- galling a.
- Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating.
- snowy a.
- White like snow.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- haply adv.
- By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
- belike adv.
- It is likely or probably; perhaps. -- Be*like"ly, adv. [Pref. be- (for by) + like.]
- aonian a.
- Pertaining to Aonia, Boeotia, or to the Muses, who were supposed to dwell there. Aonian fount, the fountain of Aganippe, at the foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the Muses. [From Aonia, a part of Boeotia, in Greece.]
- wherewith adv.
- With which; -- used relatively.
- voiced a.
- Furnished with a voice; expressed by the voice.
- wherefore adv.
- For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
- nisus n.
- A striving; an effort; a conatus. [L., fr. niti, p.p. nisus, to strive.]
- girt v. t.
- To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.]
- tore n.
- The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
- bade
- A form of the pat tense of Bid.
- vesper n.
- The evening star; Hesper; Venus, when seen after sunset; hence, the evening. [L., the evening, the evening star, the west; akin to Gr. west. Cf. Hesperian, Vespers.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To Varus is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Bucolics and Eclogues, Project Gutenberg ebook #230; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Virgil, To Varus, in The Eclogues (1881), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #230, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/virgil-eclogues/to-varus.html, id L25455.
Form and metre
To Varus is 109 lines in 2 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%).
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 2 ------------------------------------A-A----------B--B---------------CD-CD-------------------- cave · see · wont · aloof · there · cup · time · song · fast · band · boys · lay · o'er · guile · boys · power · you · began · wood · time · bow · crag · heights · sang · driven · fire · grew · shape · deep · things · amazed · showers · woods · roam · not · cast · theftA · withal · leftA · shore · soothed · bull · been · soul · fields · them · fain · time · horns · ploughB · hills · side · nowB · tracks · nymphs · glades · eyes · belike · lured · stalls · struck · then · forms · ground · sings · stream · led · all · howC · divineD · spake · thouC · givenD · draw · heights · grove · beside · speak · said · girt · deep · tore · told · feast · given · wings · home · stream · lyre · sang · approach · tell · fold
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| First my Thalia stooped in sportive mood | 10 | ··/˘·˘·/˘· |
| To Syracusan strains, nor blushed within | 10 | ·········· |
| The woods to house her. When I sought to tell | 10 | ·········· |
| Of battles and of kings, the Cynthian god | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Plucked at mine ear and warned me: "Tityrus, | 10 | ·········· |
| Beseems a shepherd-wight to feed fat sheep, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| But sing a slender song." Now, Varus, I- | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| For lack there will not who would laud thy deeds, | 10 | ·········· |
| And treat of dolorous wars- will rather tune | 11 | ···/˘˘··/˘· |
| To the slim oaten reed my silvan lay. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| I sing but as vouchsafed me; yet even this | 10 | ········/· |
| If, if but one with ravished eyes should read, | 10 | ·········· |
| Of thee, O Varus, shall our tamarisks | 11 | ···/˘·/˘/˘˘ |
| And all the woodland ring; nor can there be | 10 | ···/······ |
| A page more dear to Phoebus, than the page | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Where, foremost writ, the name of Varus stands. | 10 | ·/·····/˘· |
| Speed ye, Pierian Maids! Within a cave | 11 | ··˘/˘˘····· |
| Young Chromis and Mnasyllos chanced to see | 10 | ·········· |
| Silenus sleeping, flushed, as was his wont, | 10 | ˘/˘/˘····· |
| With wine of yesterday. Not far aloof, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Slipped from his head, the garlands lay, and there | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| By its worn handle hung a ponderous cup. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Approaching- for the old man many a time | 10 | ˘/˘····/·· |
| Had balked them both of a long hoped-for song- | 10 | ·········· |
| Garlands to fetters turned, they bind him fast. | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| Then Aegle, fairest of the Naiad-band, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Aegle came up to the half-frightened boys, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Came, and, as now with open eyes he lay, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| With juice of blood-red mulberries smeared him o'er, | 11 | ·····/·˘··· |
| Both brow and temples. Laughing at their guile, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| And crying, "Why tie the fetters? loose me, boys; | 11 | ·/˘···/˘··· |
| Enough for you to think you had the power; | 11 | ˘/·······/˘ |
| Now list the songs you wish for- songs for you, | 10 | ·········· |
| Another meed for her" -forthwith began. | 10 | ˘/˘···//˘/ |
| Then might you see the wild things of the wood, | 10 | ·········· |
| With Fauns in sportive frolic beat the time, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| And stubborn oaks their branchy summits bow. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Not Phoebus doth the rude Parnassian crag | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| So ravish, nor Orpheus so entrance the heights | 11 | ·/˘·/˘·/˘·· |
| Of Rhodope or Ismarus: for he sang | 10 | ·········· |
| How through the mighty void the seeds were driven | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| Of earth, air, ocean, and of liquid fire, | 11 | ···/˘··/˘/˘ |
| How all that is from these beginnings grew, | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| And the young world itself took solid shape, | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| Then 'gan its crust to harden, and in the deep | 11 | ·····/˘···· |
| Shut Nereus off, and mould the forms of things | 10 | ·········· |
| Little by little; and how the earth amazed | 11 | /˘·/˘····˘/ |
| Beheld the new sun shining, and the showers | 11 | ˘/···/˘··/˘ |
| Fall, as the clouds soared higher, what time the woods | 10 | ·····/···· |
| 'Gan first to rise, and living things to roam | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Scattered among the hills that knew them not. | 10 | /˘········ |
| Then sang he of the stones by Pyrrha cast, | 10 | ·········· |
| Of Saturn's reign, and of Prometheus' theft, | 11 | ·/˘···˘/˘˘· |
| And the Caucasian birds, and told withal | 10 | ··˘/˘···˘/ |
| Nigh to what fountain by his comrades left | 10 | ···/˘··/·· |
| The mariners cried on Hylas till the shore | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| "Then Re-echoed "Hylas, Hylas! soothed | 10 | ··/˘˘····· |
| Pasiphae with the love of her white bull- | 9 | ········· |
| Happy if cattle-kind had never been!- | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| O ill-starred maid, what frenzy caught thy soul | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The daughters too of Proetus filled the fields | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| With their feigned lowings, yet no one of them | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Of such unhallowed union e'er was fain | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| As with a beast to mate, though many a time | 10 | ·······/·· |
| On her smooth forehead she had sought for horns, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And for her neck had feared the galling plough. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| O ill-starred maid! thou roamest now the hills, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| While on soft hyacinths he, his snowy side | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Reposing, under some dark ilex now | 10 | /·˘····/˘· |
| Chews the pale herbage, or some heifer tracks | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Amid the crowding herd. Now close, ye Nymphs, | 10 | ˘/·/˘····· |
| Ye Nymphs of Dicte, close the forest-glades, | 9 | ······/˘· |
| If haply there may chance upon mine eyes | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| The white bull's wandering foot-prints: him belike | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Following the herd, or by green pasture lured, | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| Some kine may guide to the Gortynian stalls. | 10 | ·········· |
| Then sings he of the maid so wonder-struck | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| With the apples of the Hesperids, and then | 11 | ··/˘······· |
| With moss-bound, bitter bark rings round the forms | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Of Phaethon's fair sisters, from the ground | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| Up-towering into poplars. Next he sings | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Of Gallus wandering by Permessus' stream, | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| And by a sister of the Muses led | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| To the Aonian mountains, and how all | 11 | ··˘/˘˘/˘··· |
| The choir of Phoebus rose to greet him; how | 10 | ·/·/˘····· |
| The shepherd Linus, singer of songs divine, | 11 | ·/˘/˘/˘··˘/ |
| Brow-bound with flowers and bitter parsley, spake: | 10 | ···/·/˘/˘· |
| "These reeds the Muses give thee, take them thou, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Erst to the aged bard of Ascra given, | 10 | ········/˘ |
| Wherewith in singing he was wont to draw | 10 | ˘/·/˘····· |
| Time-rooted ash-trees from the mountain heights. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| With these the birth of the Grynean grove | 9 | ········· |
| Be voiced by thee, that of no grove beside | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Apollo more may boast him." Wherefore speak | 10 | ˘/˘····/˘· |
| Of Scylla, child of Nisus, who, 'tis said, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Her fair white loins with barking monsters girt | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Vexed the Dulichian ships, and, in the deep | 10 | ·········· |
| Swift-eddying whirlpool, with her sea-dogs tore | 10 | ·/˘/······ |
| The trembling mariners? or how he told | 10 | ·/˘/˘˘···· |
| Of the changed limbs of Tereus- what a feast, | 10 | ·········· |
| What gifts, to him by Philomel were given; | 11 | ·····/˘˘·/˘ |
| How swift she sought the desert, with what wings | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Hovered in anguish o'er her ancient home? | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| All that, of old, Eurotas, happy stream, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Heard, as Apollo mused upon the lyre, | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| And bade his laurels learn, Silenus sang; | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Till from Olympus, loth at his approach, | 10 | ··˘/˘···˘/ |
| Vesper, advancing, bade the shepherds tell | 10 | /˘˘/˘··/˘· |
| Their tale of sheep, and pen them in the fold. | 10 | ·········· |
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