Recollections of the Arabian Nights

Alfred Tennyson (1809–1892) · 1830–1842

iambic tetrameter · 160 lines · from The Early Poems

With this poem should be compared the description of Harun al Rashid’sGarden of Gladness in the story of Nur-al-din Ali and the damsel Anisal Talis in the Thirty-Sixth Night. The style appears to have beenmodelled on Coleridge’s Kubla Khan and Lewti, and the influence ofColeridge is very perceptible throughout the poem.

When the breeze of a joyful dawn blew freeIn the silken sail of infancy,The tide of time flow’d back with me,The forward-flowing tide of time;And many a sheeny summer-morn,Adown the Tigris I was borne,By Bagdat’s shrines of fretted gold,High-walled gardens green and old;True Mussulman was I and sworn,For it was in the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Anight my shallop, rustling thro’The low and bloomed foliage, droveThe fragrant, glistening deeps, and cloveThe citron-shadows in the blue:By garden porches on the brim,The costly doors flung open wide,Gold glittering thro’ lamplight dim,And broider’d sofas on each side:In sooth it was a goodly time,For it was in the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Often, where clear-stemm’d platans guardThe outlet, did I turn awayThe boat-head down a broad canalFrom the main river sluiced, where allThe sloping of the moon-lit swardWas damask-work, and deep inlayOf braided blooms unmown, which creptAdown to where the waters slept.A goodly place, a goodly time,For it was in the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

A motion from the river wonRidged the smooth level, bearing onMy shallop thro’ the star-strown calm,Until another night in nightI enter’d, from the clearer light,Imbower’d vaults of pillar’d palm,Imprisoning sweets, which, as they clombHeavenward, were stay’d beneath the domeOf hollow boughs.—A goodly time,For it was in the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Still onward; and the clear canalIs rounded to as clear a lake.From the green rivage many a fallOf diamond rillets musical,Thro’ little crystal arches lowDown from the central fountain’s flowFall’n silver-chiming, seem’d to shakeThe sparkling flints beneath the prow.A goodly place, a goodly time,For it was in the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Above thro’ many a bowery turnA walk with vary-colour’d shellsWander’d engrain’d. On either sideAll round about the fragrant margeFrom fluted vase, and brazen urnIn order, eastern flowers large,Some dropping low their crimson bellsHalf-closed, and others studded wideWith disks and tiars, fed the timeWith odour in the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Far off, and where the lemon-groveIn closest coverture upsprung,The living airs of middle nightDied round the bulbul as he sung;Not he: but something which possess’dThe darkness of the world, delight,Life, anguish, death, immortal love,Ceasing not, mingled, unrepress’d.Apart from place, withholding time,But flattering the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Black the garden-bowers and grotsSlumber’d: the solemn palms were rangedAbove, unwoo’d of summer wind:A sudden splendour from behindFlush’d all the leaves with rich gold-green,And, flowing rapidly betweenTheir interspaces, counterchangedThe level lake with diamond-plotsOf dark and bright. A lovely time,For it was in the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Dark-blue the deep sphere overhead,Distinct with vivid stars inlaid,Grew darker from that under-flame:So, leaping lightly from the boat,With silver anchor left afloat,In marvel whence that glory cameUpon me, as in sleep I sankIn cool soft turf upon the bank,Entranced with that place and time,So worthy of the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Thence thro’ the garden I was drawn—A realm of pleasance, many a mound,And many a shadow-chequer’d lawnFull of the city’s stilly sound,And deep myrrh-thickets blowing roundThe stately cedar, tamarisks,Thick rosaries of scented thorn,Tall orient shrubs, and obelisksGraven with emblems of the time,In honour of the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

With dazed vision unawaresFrom the long alley’s latticed shadeEmerged, I came upon the greatPavilion of the Caliphat.Right to the carven cedarn doors,Flung inward over spangled floors,Broad-based flights of marble stairsRan up with golden balustrade,After the fashion of the time,And humour of the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

The fourscore windows all alightAs with the quintessence of flame,A million tapers flaring brightFrom twisted silvers look’d to shameThe hollow-vaulted dark, and stream’dUpon the mooned domes aloofIn inmost Bagdat, till there seem’dHundreds of crescents on the roofOf night new-risen, that marvellous time,To celebrate the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Then stole I up, and trancedlyGazed on the Persian girl alone,Serene with argent-lidded eyesAmorous, and lashes like to raysOf darkness, and a brow of pearlTressed with redolent ebony,In many a dark delicious curl,Flowing beneath her rose-hued zone;The sweetest lady of the time,Well worthy of the golden primeOf good Haroun Alraschid.

Six columns, three on either side,Pure silver, underpropt a richThrone of the massive ore, from whichDown-droop’d, in many a floating fold,Engarlanded and diaper’dWith inwrought flowers, a cloth of gold.Thereon, his deep eye laughter-stirr’dWith merriment of kingly pride,Sole star of all that place and time,I saw him—in his golden prime,

“O Bulbul, any rose of GulistanShall brush her veil”.

Words in this poem 40
damsel n.
A young person, either male or female, of noble or gentle extraction; as, Damsel Pepin; Damsel Richard, Prince of Wales. [OE. damosel, damesel, damisel, damsel, fr. OF. damoisele, damisele, gentlewoman, F. demoiselle young lady; cf. OF. damoisel young nobleman, F. damoiseau; fr. LL]
khan n.
A king; a prince; a chief; a governor; -- so called among the Tartars, Turks, and Persians, and in countries now or formerly governed by them. [Pers. & Tart. khan.]
sheeny a.
Bright; shining; radiant; sheen.
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
adown adv.
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
mussulman n.
A Mohammedan; a Moslem. [Ar. muslimin, pl. of muslim: cf. F. & Sp. musulman. See Moslem.]
anight adv.
In the night time; at night. [OE. on niht.]
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
lamplight n.
Light from a lamp.
sooth a.
True; faithful; trustworthy. [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root]
goodly a.
Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
clearer n.
One who, or that which, clears.
rivage n.
A bank, shore, or coast. [F., fr. L. ripa bank, shore.]
bowery a.
Shading, like a bower; full of bowers.
marge n.
Border; margin; edge; verge. [F. marge. See Margin.]
odour n.
Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive; scent; perfume. [OE. odor, odour, OF. odor, odour, F. odeur, fr. L. odor; akin to olere to smell, Gr. Olfactory, Osmium, Ozone, Redolent.]
coverture n.
Covering; shelter; defence; hiding. [OF. coverture,F.couverture.]
bulbul n.
The Persian nightingale (Pycnonotus jocosus). The name is also applied to several other Asiatic singing birds, of the family Timaliidæ. The green bulbuls belong to the Chloropsis and allied genera. [Per.]
splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
afloat adv.
Borne on the water; floating; on board ship. [Pref. a- + float.]
pleasance n.
Pleasure; merriment; gayety; delight; kindness. [F. plaisance. See Please.]
stilly a.
Still; quiet; calm.
graven p. p.
Carved. Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc.
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
pavilion n.
A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts. [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also, a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]
carven a.
Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved.
cedarn a.
Of or pertaining to the cedar or its wood.
balustrade n.
A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.
humour n.
Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle, lymph, etc.; as, the humors of the eye, etc. [OE. humour, OF. humor, umor, F. humeur, L. humor, umor, moisture, fluid, fr. humere, umere, to be moist. See Humid.]
fourscore a.
Four times twenty; eighty. [Four + core, n.]
quintessence n.
The fifth or last and highest essence or power in a natural body. [F., fr. L. quinta essentia fifth essence. See Quint, and Essence.]
mooned a.
Of or resembling the moon; symbolized by the moon.
inmost a.
Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Fore]
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
argent n.
Silver, or money. [F. argent, fr. L. argentum, silver; akin to Gr. rajata white, silver, raj to shine, Ir. arg white, milk, airgiod silver, money, and L. arguere to make clear. Se]
tressed a.
Having tresses.
redolent a.
Diffusing odor or fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; odorous; smelling; -- usually followed by of. [L. redolens, -entis, p. pr. of redolere to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref. red-, re-, re- + olere to emit a smell. See Odor.]
inwrought p. p.
Wrought or worked in or among other things; worked into any fabric so as to from a part of its texture; wrought or adorned, as with figures. [Pref. in- + wrought. Cf. Inwork.]
thereon adv.
On that or this. [AS. . See There, and On.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Recollections of the Arabian Nights is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Early Poems of Alfred Lord Tennyson, Project Gutenberg ebook #8601; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Alfred Tennyson, Recollections of the Arabian Nights, in The Early Poems (1830–1842), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8601, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/tennyson-early-poems/recollections-of-the-arabian-nights.html, id L16506.

Form and metre

Recollections of the Arabian Nights is 160 lines in 16 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.2 syllables. 5 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 49% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 2 A-ABCCDDCB- freeA · infancy · meA · timeB · mornC · borneC · goldD · oldD · swornC · primeB · alraschid
  2. 3 ----ABABCC- thro · drove · clove · blue · brimA · wideB · dimA · sideB · timeC · primeC · alraschid
  3. 4 -A---ABBCC- guard · awayA · canal · all · sward · inlayA · creptB · sleptB · timeC · primeC · alraschid
  4. 5 AABCCBB-DD- wonA · onA · calmB · nightC · lightC · palmB · clombB · dome · timeD · primeD · alraschid
  5. 6 ABAACCB-DD- canalA · lakeB · fallA · musicalA · lowC · flowC · shakeB · prow · timeD · primeD · alraschid
  6. 7 ABCDADBCEE- turnA · shellsB · sideC · margeD · urnA · largeD · bellsB · wideC · timeE · primeE · alraschid
  7. 8 -ABACB-CDD- grove · upsprungA · nightB · sungA · possess'dC · delightB · love · unrepress'dC · timeD · primeD · alraschid
  8. 9 -ABBCCA-DD- grots · rangedA · windB · behindB · greenC · betweenC · counterchangedA · plots · timeD · primeD · alraschid
  9. 10 --ABBACCDD- overhead · inlaid · flameA · boatB · afloatB · cameA · sankC · bankC · timeD · primeD · alraschid
  10. 11 ABABBC-CDD- drawnA · moundB · lawnA · soundB · roundB · tamarisksC · thorn · obelisksC · timeD · primeD · alraschid
  11. 12 A---BBA-CC- unawaresA · shade · great · caliphat · doorsB · floorsB · stairsA · balustrade · timeC · primeC · alraschid
  12. 13 ABABCDCDEE- alightA · flameB · brightA · shameB · stream'dC · aloofD · seem'dC · roofD · timeE · primeE · alraschid
  13. 14 -A--B-BACC- trancedly · aloneA · eyes · rays · pearlB · ebony · curlB · zoneA · timeC · primeC · alraschid
  14. 15 ABBC-C-ADD sideA · richB · whichB · foldC · diaper'd · goldC · stirr'd · prideA · timeD · primeD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
With this poem should be compared the description of Harun al Rashid’s17··/··˘/·˘/˘····˘/
Garden of Gladness in the story of Nur-al-din Ali and the damsel Anis21/˘·/˘··/˘····/˘··/˘··
al Talis in the Thirty-Sixth Night. The style appears to have been16·····/·····˘/···
modelled on Coleridge’s Kubla Khan and Lewti, and the influence of16˘/·/˘········/˘·
Coleridge is very perceptible throughout the poem.12/˘·/˘˘/˘···/
When the breeze of a joyful dawn blew free10·····/˘···
In the silken sail of infancy,9··/˘··/˘˘
The tide of time flow’d back with me,8········
The forward-flowing tide of time;8·/˘/˘···
And many a sheeny summer-morn,8·/·/˘/˘·
Adown the Tigris I was borne,8˘/·/˘···
By Bagdat’s shrines of fretted gold,8·····/˘·
High-walled gardens green and old;8··˘/˘···
True Mussulman was I and sworn,8·/˘˘····
For it was in the golden prime8·····/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Anight my shallop, rustling thro’8···/˘/˘·
The low and bloomed foliage, drove8····˘/˘·
The fragrant, glistening deeps, and clove8·/˘/˘···
The citron-shadows in the blue:8·/˘/····
By garden porches on the brim,8·/˘/˘···
The costly doors flung open wide,8·/˘··/˘·
Gold glittering thro’ lamplight dim,8·/˘˘·/˘·
And broider’d sofas on each side:8···/˘···
In sooth it was a goodly time,8·····/˘·
For it was in the golden prime8·····/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Often, where clear-stemm’d platans guard8/˘······
The outlet, did I turn away8·/····˘/
The boat-head down a broad canal8······˘/
From the main river sluiced, where all8···/˘···
The sloping of the moon-lit sward8·/˘·····
Was damask-work, and deep inlay8·/˘···/·
Of braided blooms unmown, which crept8·/˘·····
Adown to where the waters slept.8˘/···/˘·
A goodly place, a goodly time,8·/˘··/˘·
For it was in the golden prime8·····/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
A motion from the river won8·/˘··/˘·
Ridged the smooth level, bearing on8···/˘/˘·
My shallop thro’ the star-strown calm,8·/˘·····
Until another night in night8··˘/˘···
I enter’d, from the clearer light,8·/˘··/˘·
Imbower’d vaults of pillar’d palm,8·····/˘·
Imprisoning sweets, which, as they clomb8˘/˘·····
Heavenward, were stay’d beneath the dome9/˘˘······
Of hollow boughs.—A goodly time,8·/˘··/˘·
For it was in the golden prime8·····/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Still onward; and the clear canal8·/˘···˘/
Is rounded to as clear a lake.8·/˘·····
From the green rivage many a fall8···/˘/··
Of diamond rillets musical,8·/˘··/˘˘
Thro’ little crystal arches low8·/˘/˘/˘·
Down from the central fountain’s flow8···/˘/˘·
Fall’n silver-chiming, seem’d to shake8·/˘/˘···
The sparkling flints beneath the prow.8·/˘·····
A goodly place, a goodly time,8·/˘··/˘·
For it was in the golden prime8·····/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Above thro’ many a bowery turn8···/·/˘·
A walk with vary-colour’d shells8···/˘/˘·
Wander’d engrain’d. On either side8/˘···/˘·
All round about the fragrant marge8·····/˘·
From fluted vase, and brazen urn8·/˘··/˘·
In order, eastern flowers large,8·/˘/˘/˘·
Some dropping low their crimson bells8·/˘··/˘·
Half-closed, and others studded wide8···/˘/˘·
With disks and tiars, fed the time7·······
With odour in the golden prime8·/˘··/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Far off, and where the lemon-grove8·····/˘·
In closest coverture upsprung,8·/˘/˘˘··
The living airs of middle night8·/˘··/˘·
Died round the bulbul as he sung;8···/˘···
Not he: but something which possess’d8···/˘·˘/
The darkness of the world, delight,8·/˘···˘/
Life, anguish, death, immortal love,8·/˘·˘/˘·
Ceasing not, mingled, unrepress’d.8/˘·/˘···
Apart from place, withholding time,8˘/··˘/˘·
But flattering the golden prime8·/˘˘·/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Black the garden-bowers and grots8··/˘/˘··
Slumber’d: the solemn palms were ranged8···/˘···
Above, unwoo’d of summer wind:8·····/˘·
A sudden splendour from behind8·/˘/˘···
Flush’d all the leaves with rich gold-green,8········
And, flowing rapidly between8·/˘/˘˘··
Their interspaces, counterchanged8········
The level lake with diamond-plots8·/˘··/˘·
Of dark and bright. A lovely time,8·····/˘·
For it was in the golden prime8·····/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Dark-blue the deep sphere overhead,8·····/˘/
Distinct with vivid stars inlaid,8˘/·/˘·/·
Grew darker from that under-flame:8·/˘·····
So, leaping lightly from the boat,8·/˘/˘···
With silver anchor left afloat,8·/˘/˘·˘/
In marvel whence that glory came8·/˘··/˘·
Upon me, as in sleep I sank8········
In cool soft turf upon the bank,8········
Entranced with that place and time,8˘/˘·····
So worthy of the golden prime8·/˘··/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Thence thro’ the garden I was drawn—8···/˘···
A realm of pleasance, many a mound,8···/˘/··
And many a shadow-chequer’d lawn8·/·/····
Full of the city’s stilly sound,8···/˘/˘·
And deep myrrh-thickets blowing round8···/˘/˘·
The stately cedar, tamarisks,8·/˘/˘/˘˘
Thick rosaries of scented thorn,8·/˘˘·/˘·
Tall orient shrubs, and obelisks9·/˘······
Graven with emblems of the time,8/˘·/˘···
In honour of the golden prime8·/˘··/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
With dazed vision unawares8··˘/˘·˘/
From the long alley’s latticed shade8···/˘/˘·
Emerged, I came upon the great8˘/······
Pavilion of the Caliphat.8˘/˘·····
Right to the carven cedarn doors,8···/˘/˘·
Flung inward over spangled floors,8·/˘··/˘·
Broad-based flights of marble stairs8··˘··/˘·
Ran up with golden balustrade,8···/˘/˘˘
After the fashion of the time,8···/˘···
And humour of the golden prime8·/˘··/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
The fourscore windows all alight8·/˘/˘·˘/
As with the quintessence of flame,8···˘/˘··
A million tapers flaring bright8·/˘/˘/˘·
From twisted silvers look’d to shame8·/˘/˘···
The hollow-vaulted dark, and stream’d8·/˘/˘···
Upon the mooned domes aloof8····˘·˘/
In inmost Bagdat, till there seem’d8·/˘·····
Hundreds of crescents on the roof8/˘·/˘···
Of night new-risen, that marvellous time,10···/˘·····
To celebrate the golden prime8·/˘··/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Then stole I up, and trancedly8········
Gazed on the Persian girl alone,8···/˘·˘/
Serene with argent-lidded eyes8˘/·/˘/˘·
Amorous, and lashes like to rays8/˘·/˘···
Of darkness, and a brow of pearl8·/˘·····
Tressed with redolent ebony,8··/˘˘/˘˘
In many a dark delicious curl,8·/··˘/˘·
Flowing beneath her rose-hued zone;8/˘······
The sweetest lady of the time,8·/˘/˘···
Well worthy of the golden prime8·/˘··/˘·
Of good Haroun Alraschid.7·······
Six columns, three on either side,8·/˘··/˘·
Pure silver, underpropt a rich8·/˘·····
Throne of the massive ore, from which8···/˘···
Down-droop’d, in many a floating fold,8···/·/˘·
Engarlanded and diaper’d7·······
With inwrought flowers, a cloth of gold.8·˘//····
Thereon, his deep eye laughter-stirr’d8˘/···/˘·
With merriment of kingly pride,8·/˘˘·/˘·
Sole star of all that place and time,8········
I saw him—in his golden prime,8·····/˘·
“O Bulbul, any rose of Gulistan10·/˘/˘·····
Shall brush her veil”.4····

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