Erato

Edmund Spenser (c. 1552–1599) · 1595

iambic pentameter · ABABCC · 120 lines · from Amoretti and Epithalamion, and Other Poems

Ye gentle Spirits breathing from above,Where ye in Venus silver bowre were bred,Thoughts halfe devine, full of the fire of love,With beawtie kindled, and with pleasure fed,Which ye now in securitie possesse,Forgetfull of your former heavinesse,—

Now change the tenor of your ioyous layes,With which ye use your loves to deifie,And blazon foorth an earthlie beauties praiseAbove the compasse of the arched skie:Now change your praises into piteous cries,And eulogies turne into elegies.

Such as ye wont, whenas those bitter stoundsOf raging love first gan you to torment,And launch your hearts with lamentable woundsOf secret sorrow and sad languishment,Before your loves did take you unto grace;Those now renew, as fitter for this place.

For I that rule in measure moderateThe tempest of that stormie passion,And use to paint in rimes the troublous stateOf lovers life in likest fashion,Am put from practise of my kindlie** skill,Banisht by those that love with leawdnes fill.

Love wont to be schoolmaster of my skill,And the devicefull matter of my song;Sweete love devoyd of villanie or ill,But pure and spotles, as at first he sprongOut of th’Almighties bosome, where he nests;From thence infused into mortall brests.

Such high conceipt of that celestiall fire,The base-borne brood of Blindnes cannot gesse,Ne ever dare their dunghill thoughts aspireUnto so loftie pitch of perfectnesse,But rime at riot, and doo rage in love,Yet little wote what doth thereto behove.

Faire Cytheree, the mother of delightAnd queene of beautie, now thou maist go pack;For lo! thy kingdoms is defaced quight,Thy scepter rent, and power put to wrack;And thy gay sonne, that winged God of Love,May now goe prune his plumes like ruffed dove.

And ye three twins, to light by Venus brought,The sweete companions of the Muses late,From whom whatever thing is goodly thoughtDoth borrow grace, the fancie to aggrate,Go beg with us, and be companions still,As heretofore of good, so now of ill.

For neither you nor we shall anie moreFinde entertainment or in court or schoole:For that which was accounted heretoforeThe learneds meed is now lent to the foole;He sings of love and maketh loving layes,And they him heare, and they him highly prayse.

With that she powred foorth a brackish floodOf bitter teares, and made exceeding mone;And all her sisters, seeing her sad mood,With lowd laments her answered all at one.So ended she: and then the next in rewBegan her grievous plaint, as doth ensew.

To whom shall I my evill case complaine,Or tell the anguish of my inward smart,Sith none is left to remedie my paine,Or deignes to pitie a perplexed hart;But rather seekes my sorrow to augmentWith fowle reproach, and cruell banishment?

For they to whom I used to applieThe faithfull service of my learned skill,The goodly off-spring of loves progenie,That wont the world with famous acts to fill,Whose living praises in heroick style,It is my chiefe profession to compyle,—

They, all corrupted through the rust of time,That doth all fairest things on earth deface,Or through unnoble sloth, or sinfull crime,That doth degenerate the noble race,Have both desire of worthie deeds forlorne,And name of learning utterly doo scorne.

Ne doo they care to have the auncestrieOf th’old heroes memorizde anew;Ne doo they care that late posteritieShould know their names, or speak their praises dew,But die, forgot from whence at first they sprong,As they themselves shalbe forgot ere long.

What bootes it then to come from gloriousForefathers, or to have been nobly bredd?What oddes twixt Irus and old Inachus,Twixt best and worst, when both alike are dedd,If none of neither mention should make,Nor out of dust their memories awake?

Or who would ever care to doo brave deed,Or strive in vertue others to excell,If none should yeeld him his deserved meed,Due praise, that is the spur of doing well?For if good were not praised more than ill,None would choose goodnes of his owne freewill.

Therefore the nurse of vertue I am hight,And golden trompet of eternitie,That lowly thoughts lift up to heavens hight,And mortall men have powre to deifie:Bacchus and Hercules I raisd to heaven,And Charlemaine amongst the starris seaven.

But now I will my golden clarion rend,And will henceforth immortalize no more,Sith I no more finde worthie to commendFor prize of value, or for learned lore:For noble peeres, whom I was wont to raise,Now onely seeke for pleasure, nought for praise.

Their great revenues all in sumptuous prideThey spend, that nought to learning they may spare;And the rich fee which poets wont divideNow parasites and sycophants doo share:Therefore I mourne and endlesse sorrow make,Both for my selfe and for my sisters sake.

With that she lowdly gan to waile and shrike,And from her eyes a sea of teares did powre;And all her sisters, with compassion like,Did more increase the sharpnes of her showre.So ended she: and then the next in rewBegan her plaint, as doth herein ensew.

Words in this poem 35
bowre n.
A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest. [From Bough, cf. Brancher.]
forgetfull a.
Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; as, a forgetful man should use helps to strengthen his memory.
blazon v. t.
To depict in colors; to display; to exhibit conspicuously; to publish or make public far and wide. [From blazon, n.; confused with 4th blaze: cf. F. blasonner.]
languishment n.
The state of languishing.
fitter n.
A little piece; a flitter; a flinder.
troublous a.
Full of trouble; causing trouble.
devicefull a.
Full of devices; inventive.
mortall a.
Subject to death; destined to die; as, man is mortal. [F. mortel, L. mortalis, from mors, mortis, death, fr. moriri 8die; akin to E. murder. See Murder, and cf. Filemot, Mere a lake, Mortgage.]
celestiall a.
Belonging to the aërial regions, or visible heavens. [OF. celestial, celestied, fr. L. caelestic, fr. caelum heaved. See Cell.]
dunghill n.
A heap of dung.
aspire v. t.
To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to.
rime n.
A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T. [L. rima.]
behove v.
, and derivatives. See Behoove, & c.
wrack n.
Wreck; ruin; destruction. [OE. wrak wreck. See Wreck.]
sonne n.
A male child; the male issue, or offspring, of a parent, father or mother. [OE. sone, sune, AS. sunu; akin to D. zoon, OS., OFries., & OHG. sunu, G. sohn, Icel. sonr, Sw. son, Dan. sön, Goth. sunus, Lith. sunus, Russ. suin', Skr. sunu (]
goodly a.
Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
borrow v. t.
To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of lend. [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
meed v. t.
To reward; to repay. Waytt.
plaint n.
Audible expression of sorrow; lamentation; complaint; hence, a mournful song; a lament. Chaucer."The Psalmist's mournful plaint." [OE. plainte, pleynte, F. plainte, fr. L. plangere, planctum (plancta, fem. p.p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf. Complain, Plague, Plangent.]
sith prep.
Since; afterwards; seeing that. [See Since.]
cruell a.
Disposed to give pain to others; willing or pleased to hurt, torment, or afflict; destitute of sympathetic kindness and pity; savage; inhuman; hard-hearted; merciless. [F. cruel, fr. L. crudelis, fr. crudus. See Crude.]
faithfull a.
Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to believe, especially in the declarations and promises of God.
sinfull a.
Tainted with, or full of, sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; as, sinful men; sinful thoughts. Piers Plowman. [AAS. synfull.]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
nobly adv.
Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.
excell v. t.
To go beyond or surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds; to outdo or outgo, in a good sense. [L. excellere, excelsum; ex out + a root found in culmen height, top; cf. F. exceller. See Culminate, Column.]
freewill a.
Of or pertaining to free will; voluntary; spontaneous; as, a freewill offering. Frewill Baptists. See under Baptist.
hight v. t.
To be called or named. [OE. heiten, highten, haten, hoten; also hight, hatte, hette, is called, was called, AS. hatan to call, name, be called, to command, promise; also hatte is calle]
amongst prep.
Mixed or mingled; surrounded by. [OE. amongist, amonges, amonge, among, AS. onmang, ongemang, gemang, in a crowd or mixture. For the ending -st see Amidst. See Mingle.]
clarion n.
A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill. [OE. clarioun, OF. clarion, F. clairon, LL. clario, claro; so called from its clear tone, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.]
henceforth adv.
From this time forward; henceforward.
immortalize v. t.
To render immortal; to cause to live or exist forever. S. Clarke. [Cf. F. immortaliser.]
mourne n.
The armed or feruled end of a staff; in a sheephook, the end of the staff to which the hook is attached. Sir P. Sidney. [See 2d Morne.]
showre n.
One who shows or exhibits.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Erato is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser, Volume 5, Project Gutenberg ebook #10602; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Edmund Spenser, Erato, in Amoretti and Epithalamion, and Other Poems (1595), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #10602, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/spenser-amoretti/erato.html, id L23756.

Form and metre

Erato is 120 lines in 20 stanzas of 6 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABCC, complete in 15 of its 20 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCC aboveA · bredB · loveA · fedB · possesseC · heavinesseC
  2. 2 ABAB-A layesA · deifieB · praiseA · skieB · cries · elegiesA
  3. 3 ABABCC stoundsA · tormentB · woundsA · languishmentB · graceC · placeC
  4. 4 ABABCC moderateA · passionB · stateA · fashionB · skillC · fillC
  5. 5 ABAB-- skillA · songB · illA · sprongB · nests · brests
  6. 6 ABABCC fireA · gesseB · aspireA · perfectnesseB · loveC · behoveC
  7. 7 ABABCC delightA · packB · quightA · wrackB · loveC · doveC
  8. 8 ABABCC broughtA · lateB · thoughtA · aggrateB · stillC · illC
  9. 9 ABABCC moreA · schooleB · heretoforeA · fooleB · layesC · prayseC
  10. 11 ABABCC complaineA · smartB · paineA · hartB · augmentC · banishmentC
  11. 12 ABABCC applieA · skillB · progenieA · fillB · styleC · compyleC
  12. 13 ABABCC timeA · defaceB · crimeA · raceB · forlorneC · scorneC
  13. 14 ABABCC auncestrieA · anewB · posteritieA · dewB · sprongC · longC
  14. 15 -A-ABB glorious · breddA · inachus · deddA · makeB · awakeB
  15. 16 ABABCC deedA · excellB · meedA · wellB · illC · freewillC
  16. 17 ABABCC hightA · eternitieB · hightA · deifieB · heavenC · seavenC
  17. 18 ABABCC rendA · moreB · commendA · loreB · raiseC · praiseC
  18. 19 ABABCC prideA · spareB · divideA · shareB · makeC · sakeC
  19. 20 ABAB-- shrikeA · powreB · likeA · showreB · rew · ensew
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Ye gentle Spirits breathing from above,10·/˘/˘/˘···
Where ye in Venus silver bowre were bred,10···/˘/˘/··
Thoughts halfe devine, full of the fire of love,10··˘/···/··
With beawtie kindled, and with pleasure fed,10···/˘··/˘·
Which ye now in securitie possesse,10········/˘
Forgetfull of your former heavinesse,—10˘/˘··/˘···
Now change the tenor of your ioyous layes,10···/˘·····
With which ye use your loves to deifie,9·········
And blazon foorth an earthlie beauties praise10·/˘····/˘·
Above the compasse of the arched skie:10···/˘···˘·
Now change your praises into piteous cries,11···/˘··/˘˘·
And eulogies turne into elegies.10·/˘˘···/˘˘
Such as ye wont, whenas those bitter stounds10····/˘·/˘·
Of raging love first gan you to torment,10·/˘·····˘/
And launch your hearts with lamentable wounds10·····˘/˘˘·
Of secret sorrow and sad languishment,10·/˘/˘··/˘˘
Before your loves did take you unto grace;10··········
Those now renew, as fitter for this place.10··˘/·/˘···
For I that rule in measure moderate10·····/˘/˘·
The tempest of that stormie passion,9·/˘····/˘
And use to paint in rimes the troublous state10·······/˘·
Of lovers life in likest fashion,9·/˘····/˘
Am put from practise of my kindlie** skill,10···/˘·····
Banisht by those that love with leawdnes fill.9·········
Love wont to be schoolmaster of my skill,10····/·˘···
And the devicefull matter of my song;11······/˘···
Sweete love devoyd of villanie or ill,10··········
But pure and spotles, as at first he sprong9·········
Out of th’Almighties bosome, where he nests;9·········
From thence infused into mortall brests.10··˘/˘··/˘·
Such high conceipt of that celestiall fire,11······˘/˘/˘
The base-borne brood of Blindnes cannot gesse,9······/˘·
Ne ever dare their dunghill thoughts aspire10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Unto so loftie pitch of perfectnesse,10··········
But rime at riot, and doo rage in love,10···/˘·····
Yet little wote what doth thereto behove.10·/˘···˘/˘/
Faire Cytheree, the mother of delight10·····/˘·˘/
And queene of beautie, now thou maist go pack;10··········
For lo! thy kingdoms is defaced quight,10···/˘·˘/··
Thy scepter rent, and power put to wrack;10·····/˘···
And thy gay sonne, that winged God of Love,10······˘···
May now goe prune his plumes like ruffed dove.10········˘·
And ye three twins, to light by Venus brought,10·······/˘·
The sweete companions of the Muses late,10··˘/˘··/˘·
From whom whatever thing is goodly thought10···/˘··/˘·
Doth borrow grace, the fancie to aggrate,10·/······˘/
Go beg with us, and be companions still,10······˘/˘·
As heretofore of good, so now of ill.10··˘/······
For neither you nor we shall anie more10·/˘·······
Finde entertainment or in court or schoole:11··˘/˘······
For that which was accounted heretofore10····˘/˘·˘/
The learneds meed is now lent to the foole;10··········
He sings of love and maketh loving layes,10·······/˘·
And they him heare, and they him highly prayse.10·······/˘·
With that she powred foorth a brackish flood10···/˘··/˘·
Of bitter teares, and made exceeding mone;10·/˘···˘/˘·
And all her sisters, seeing her sad mood,10···/˘/˘···
With lowd laments her answered all at one.10··˘/·/˘···
So ended she: and then the next in rew10·/˘·······
Began her grievous plaint, as doth ensew.10˘/·/˘·····
To whom shall I my evill case complaine,10·····/˘···
Or tell the anguish of my inward smart,10···/˘··/˘·
Sith none is left to remedie my paine,10··········
Or deignes to pitie a perplexed hart;10······˘/˘·
But rather seekes my sorrow to augment10·/˘··/˘·˘/
With fowle reproach, and cruell banishment?11·/˘˘/·/˘/˘˘
For they to whom I used to applie9·········
The faithfull service of my learned skill,10·/˘/˘···˘·
The goodly off-spring of loves progenie,10·/˘·······
That wont the world with famous acts to fill,10·····/˘···
Whose living praises in heroick style,9·/˘/˘····
It is my chiefe profession to compyle,—11····˘/˘····
They, all corrupted through the rust of time,10··˘/˘·····
That doth all fairest things on earth deface,10···/˘···˘/
Or through unnoble sloth, or sinfull crime,10··˘/˘··/˘·
That doth degenerate the noble race,10··˘/˘··/˘·
Have both desire of worthie deeds forlorne,10··˘/······
And name of learning utterly doo scorne.10···/˘/˘˘··
Ne doo they care to have the auncestrie10··········
Of th’old heroes memorizde anew;9··/˘···˘/
Ne doo they care that late posteritie10··········
Should know their names, or speak their praises dew,10·······/˘·
But die, forgot from whence at first they sprong,10··˘/······
As they themselves shalbe forgot ere long.9··˘/·˘/··
What bootes it then to come from glorious10·······/˘˘
Forefathers, or to have been nobly bredd?10/·˘····/˘·
What oddes twixt Irus and old Inachus,10··········
Twixt best and worst, when both alike are dedd,10······˘/··
If none of neither mention should make,9···/˘/˘··
Nor out of dust their memories awake?10·····/˘˘˘/
Or who would ever care to doo brave deed,10···/˘·····
Or strive in vertue others to excell,10·····/˘·˘/
If none should yeeld him his deserved meed,10······˘/˘·
Due praise, that is the spur of doing well?10·······/˘·
For if good were not praised more than ill,10······˘···
None would choose goodnes of his owne freewill.9·······/˘
Therefore the nurse of vertue I am hight,10··········
And golden trompet of eternitie,10·/˘·······
That lowly thoughts lift up to heavens hight,10·/˘····/˘·
And mortall men have powre to deifie:10·/˘··/˘···
Bacchus and Hercules I raisd to heaven,11/˘·/˘····/˘
And Charlemaine amongst the starris seaven.11···········
But now I will my golden clarion rend,10·····/˘/˘·
And will henceforth immortalize no more,10··//˘/˘˘··
Sith I no more finde worthie to commend10········˘/
For prize of value, or for learned lore:10···/˘···˘·
For noble peeres, whom I was wont to raise,10·/˘·······
Now onely seeke for pleasure, nought for praise.10·/˘··/˘···
Their great revenues all in sumptuous pride10··/˘···/˘·
They spend, that nought to learning they may spare;10·····/˘···
And the rich fee which poets wont divide10·····/˘·˘/
Now parasites and sycophants doo share:10·/˘·······
Therefore I mourne and endlesse sorrow make,10·······/˘·
Both for my selfe and for my sisters sake.10·······/˘·
With that she lowdly gan to waile and shrike,11···········
And from her eyes a sea of teares did powre;11·········/˘
And all her sisters, with compassion like,10···/˘·˘/˘·
Did more increase the sharpnes of her showre.10··/·····/˘
So ended she: and then the next in rew10·/˘·······
Began her plaint, as doth herein ensew.10˘/····˘/··

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