Part I: Death

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) · 1813–1820

iambic tetrameter · ABAAB · 75 lines · from Alastor, and Other Poems

And Peter Bell, when he had beenWith fresh-imported Hell-fire warmed,Grew serious--from his dress and mien'Twas very plainly to be seenPeter was quite reformed.

His eyes turned up, his mouth turned down;His accent caught a nasal twang;He oiled his hair; there might be heardThe grace of God in every wordWhich Peter said or sang.

But Peter now grew old, and hadAn ill no doctor could unravel:His torments almost drove him mad;--Some said it was a fever bad--Some swore it was the gravel.

His holy friends then came about,And with long preaching and persuasionConvinced the patient that, withoutThe smallest shadow of a doubt,He was predestined to damnation.

They said--'Thy name is Peter Bell;Thy skin is of a brimstone hue;Alive or dead--ay, sick or well--The one God made to rhyme with hell;The other, I think, rhymes with you.

Then Peter set up such a yell!--The nurse, who with some water gruelWas climbing up the stairs, as wellAs her old legs could climb them--fell,And broke them both--the fall was cruel.

The Parson from the casement leptInto the lake of Windermere--And many an eel--though no adeptIn God's right reason for it--keptGnawing his kidneys half a year.

And all the rest rushed through the doorAnd tumbled over one another,And broke their skulls.--Upon the floorMeanwhile sat Peter Bell, and swore,And cursed his father and his mother;

And raved of God, and sin, and death,Blaspheming like an infidel;And said, that with his clenched teethHe'd seize the earth from underneath,And drag it with him down to hell.

As he was speaking came a spasm,And wrenched his gnashing teeth asunder;Like one who sees a strange phantasmHe lay,--there was a silent chasmBetween his upper jaw and under.

And yellow death lay on his face;And a fixed smile that was not humanTold, as I understand the case,That he was gone to the wrong place:--I heard all this from the old woman.

Then there came down from Langdale PikeA cloud, with lightning, wind and hail;It swept over the mountains likeAn ocean,--and I heard it strikeThe woods and crags of Grasmere vale.

And I saw the black storm comeNearer, minute after minute;Its thunder made the cataracts dumb;With hiss, and clash, and hollow hum,It neared as if the Devil was in it.

The Devil WAS in it:--he had boughtPeter for half-a-crown; and whenThe storm which bore him vanished, noughtThat in the house that storm had caughtWas ever seen again.

The gaping neighbours came next day--They found all vanished from the shore:The Bible, whence he used to pray,Half scorched under a hen-coop lay;Smashed glass--and nothing more!

Words in this poem

oiled a.
Covered or treated with oil; dressed with, or soaked in, oil.
drove n.
A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
damnation n.
The state of being damned; condemnation; openly expressed disapprobation. [F. damnation, L. damnatio, fr. damnare. See Damn.]
brimstone n.
Sulphur; See Sulphur. [OE. brimston, bremston, bernston, brenston; cf. Icel. brennistein. See Burn, v. t., and Stone.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
casement n.
A window sash opening on hinges affixed to the upright side of the frame into which it is fitted. (Poetically) A window. [Shortened fr. encasement. See Incase 1st Case, and cf. Incasement.]
rushed a.
Abounding or covered with rushes.
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
cursed a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
infidel a.
Not holding the faith; -- applied esp. to one who does not believe in the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the supernatural origin of Christianity. [L. infidelis; pref. in- not + fidelis faithful, fr. fides faith: cf. F. infidèle. See Fidelity.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part I: Death is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poetical Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley — Volume 1, Project Gutenberg ebook #4797; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Percy Bysshe Shelley, Part I: Death, in Alastor, and Other Poems (1813–1820), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #4797, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/shelley-poems/part-i-death.html, id L00256.

Form and metre

Part I: Death is 75 lines in 15 stanzas of 5 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABAAB, complete in 13 of its 15 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.3 syllables. 16 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 36% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAAB beenA · warmedB · mienA · seenA · reformedB
  2. 2 --AA- down · twang · heardA · wordA · sang
  3. 3 ABAAB hadA · unravelB · madA · badA · gravelB
  4. 4 ABAAB aboutA · persuasionB · withoutA · doubtA · damnationB
  5. 5 ABAAB bellA · hueB · wellA · hellA · youB
  6. 6 AAAAA yellA · gruelA · wellA · fellA · cruelA
  7. 7 ABAAB leptA · windermereB · adeptA · keptA · yearB
  8. 8 ABAAB doorA · anotherB · floorA · sworeA · motherB
  9. 9 ABAAB deathA · infidelB · teethA · underneathA · hellB
  10. 10 ABAAB spasmA · asunderB · phantasmA · chasmA · underB
  11. 11 ABAAB faceA · humanB · caseA · placeA · womanB
  12. 12 ABAAB pikeA · hailB · likeA · strikeA · valeB
  13. 13 ABAAB comeA · minuteB · dumbA · humA · itB
  14. 14 ABAAB boughtA · whenB · noughtA · caughtA · againB
  15. 15 ABAAB dayA · shoreB · prayA · layA · moreB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
And Peter Bell, when he had been8·/˘·····
With fresh-imported Hell-fire warmed,8··˘/˘·/·
Grew serious--from his dress and mien8·/˘·····
'Twas very plainly to be seen8·/˘/˘···
Peter was quite reformed.7/˘··˘/˘
His eyes turned up, his mouth turned down;8········
His accent caught a nasal twang;8·/···/˘·
He oiled his hair; there might be heard8········
The grace of God in every word8·····/˘·
Which Peter said or sang.6·/˘···
But Peter now grew old, and had8·/˘·····
An ill no doctor could unravel:9···/˘·˘/˘
His torments almost drove him mad;--8·/·/····
Some said it was a fever bad--8·····/˘·
Some swore it was the gravel.7·····/˘
His holy friends then came about,8·/˘·····
And with long preaching and persuasion9···/˘·˘/˘
Convinced the patient that, without8˘/·/˘···
The smallest shadow of a doubt,8·/˘/····
He was predestined to damnation.9···/˘·˘/˘
They said--'Thy name is Peter Bell;8·····/˘·
Thy skin is of a brimstone hue;8·····/˘·
Alive or dead--ay, sick or well--8˘/······
The one God made to rhyme with hell;8········
The other, I think, rhymes with you.8·/˘·····
Then Peter set up such a yell!--8·/˘·····
The nurse, who with some water gruel9·····/˘/˘
Was climbing up the stairs, as well8·/˘·····
As her old legs could climb them--fell,8········
And broke them both--the fall was cruel.9·······/˘
The Parson from the casement lept8·/˘··/˘·
Into the lake of Windermere--8········
And many an eel--though no adept8·/····˘/
In God's right reason for it--kept8···/˘···
Gnawing his kidneys half a year.8/˘·/˘···
And all the rest rushed through the door8········
And tumbled over one another,9·/˘···˘/˘
And broke their skulls.--Upon the floor8········
Meanwhile sat Peter Bell, and swore,8/··/˘···
And cursed his father and his mother;9···/˘··/˘
And raved of God, and sin, and death,8········
Blaspheming like an infidel;8·····/˘·
And said, that with his clenched teeth8······˘·
He'd seize the earth from underneath,8······˘/
And drag it with him down to hell.8········
As he was speaking came a spasm,9···/˘··/˘
And wrenched his gnashing teeth asunder;9···/˘·˘/˘
Like one who sees a strange phantasm9·······/˘
He lay,--there was a silent chasm9·····/˘/˘
Between his upper jaw and under.9···/˘····
And yellow death lay on his face;8·/˘·····
And a fixed smile that was not human9·······/˘
Told, as I understand the case,8····˘/··
That he was gone to the wrong place:--8········
I heard all this from the old woman.9·······/˘
Then there came down from Langdale Pike8·····/··
A cloud, with lightning, wind and hail;8···/˘···
It swept over the mountains like8·····/˘·
An ocean,--and I heard it strike8·/˘·····
The woods and crags of Grasmere vale.8········
And I saw the black storm come7·······
Nearer, minute after minute;8/˘/˘··/˘
Its thunder made the cataracts dumb;9·/˘··/˘··
With hiss, and clash, and hollow hum,8·····/˘·
It neared as if the Devil was in it.9·····/···
The Devil WAS in it:--he had bought8·/······
Peter for half-a-crown; and when8/˘······
The storm which bore him vanished, nought8·····/˘·
That in the house that storm had caught8········
Was ever seen again.6·/˘·˘/
The gaping neighbours came next day--8·/˘/˘···
They found all vanished from the shore:8···/˘···
The Bible, whence he used to pray,8·/˘·····
Half scorched under a hen-coop lay;8········
Smashed glass--and nothing more!7·˘··/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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