Octavia: Act III

Lucius Annaeus Seneca · 1907

iambic pentameter · 108 lines · from The Tragedies of Seneca

Ghost of Agrippina [bearing a flaming torch]: Through clovenearth from Tartarus I come,To bring in bloody hands this torch of hellTo light these curséd rites; with such dire flamesLet this Poppaea wed my son, which soonHis mother's grief and vengeful hand shall turnTo funeral fires. And ever 'mid the shadesMy impious murder in my memory dwells,A heavy weight upon my grieving soulStill unavenged; for, Oh, ingratitudeHe gave me in return for all my gifts,E'en for the gift of empire did he giveA murderous ship designed to work my death.I would have wept my comrades' plight, and more,My son's most cruel deed: no time for tearsWas given, but even higher did he heapHis sum of crime. Though I escaped the sea,I felt the keen sword's thrust, and, with my bloodThe very gods defiling, poured my soulIn anguish forth. But even yet his hateWas not appeased. Against my very nameThe tyrant raged; my merits he obscured;My statues, my inscriptions, honors--all,On pain of death he bade to be destroyedThroughout the world--that world my hapless love,To my own direful punishment, had givenTo be by him, an untried boy, controlled.And now my murdered husband's angry ghostShakes vengeful torches in my guilty face,Insistent, threat'ning; blames his death on me,His murdered son, and loud demands that nowThe guilty cause be given up. Have done:He shall be given, and that right speedily.Avenging furies for his impious headAre planning even now a worthy fate:Base flight and blows, and fearful sufferings,By which the raging thirst of TantalusHe shall surpass; the cruel, endless toilOf Sisyphus; the pain that Tityus feels,And the dread, racking anguish of the wheelOn which Ixion's whirling limbs are stretched.Let gold and marble deck his palace walls;Let arméd guards protect him; let the worldBe beggared that its treasures vast may flowInto his lap; let suppliant Parthians bendTo kiss his hands, and bring rich offerings:The day and hour will come when for his crimesHis guilty soul shall full atonement make,When to his enemies he shall be given,Deserted and destroyed and stripped of all.Oh, to what end my labors and my prayers?Why did thy frenzied madness, O my son,And fate impel thee to such depths of crimeThat e'en thy mother's wrath, whom thou didst slay,Is all too small to match her sufferings?Oh, would that, ere I brought thee forth to light,And suckled thee, my vitals had been rentBy savage beasts! Then senseless, innocent,And mine wouldst thou have perished; joined to meWouldst thou forever see the quiet seatsOf this abode of souls, thy mighty sire,And grandsires too, those men of glorious name,Whom now perpetual shame and grief awaitBecause of thee, thou monster, and of me.But why delay in hell to hide my face,Since I have proved a curse to all my race?

Octavia [to the Chorus in deprecation of their grief becauseof her divorce]: Restrain your tears; put on a face of joy,As on a festal day, lest this your loveAnd care for me should stir the royal wrath,And I be cause of suffering to you.This wound is not the first my heart has felt;Far worse have I endured; but all shall end,Perchance in death, before this day is done.No more upon my brutal husband's faceShall I be forced to look; that hateful couch,Long since consigned to slavish uses, base,I shall behold no more.For now Augustus' sister shall I be,And not his wife. But Oh, be far from meAll cruel punishments and fear of death.Poor, foolish girl! and canst thou hope for this?Bethink thee of his former sins--and hope.Nay, he has spared thy wretched life till now,That thou mayst at his marriage altars fall.But why so often turn thy streaming eyesUpon thy home? Now speed thy steps away,And leave this bloody prince's hall for aye.

Chorus: Now dawns at last the day we long have fearedAnd talked of. Lo, our Claudia, driven forthBy cruel Nero's threats, leaves that abodeWhich even now Poppaea calls her own;While we must sit and grieve with sluggish woe,By heavy fear oppressed.Where is that Roman people's manhood now,Which once the pride of mighty leaders crushed,Gave righteous laws to an unconquered land,Gave powers at will to worthy citizens,Made peace and war, fierce nations overcame,And held in dungeons dark their captive kings?Behold, on every side our eyes are grievedBy this Poppaea's gleaming statues joinedWith Nero's images--a shameful sight.Come, overturn them with indignant hands,Too like in feature to her living face.And her we'll drag from off that royal couch;And then, with flaming brand and deadly sword,Attack the princely palace of her lord.

Words in this poem 24
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
vengeful a.
Vindictive; retributive; revengeful.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
ingratitude n.
Want of gratitude; insensibility to, forgetfulness of, or ill return for, kindness or favors received; unthankfulness; ungratefulness. [F. ingratitude, L. ingratitudo. See Ingrate.]
plight v. t.
To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait. [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL. plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.]
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
hapless a.
Without hap or luck; luckless; unfortunate; unlucky; unhappy; as, hapless youth; hapless maid.
direful a.
Dire; dreadful; terrible; calamitous; woeful; as, a direful fiend; a direful day. [Dire + -ful.]
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
insistent a.
Standing or resting on something; as, an insistent wall. Sir H. [L. insistens, -entis, p. pr. of insistere.]
racking n.
Spun yarn used in racking ropes.
suppliant a.
Asking earnestly and submissively; entreating; beseeching; supplicating. [F., p.pr. of supplier to entreat, L. supplicare. See Supplicate, and cf. Supplicant.]
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
vitals n.
Organs that are necessary for life; more especially, the heart, lungs, and brain.
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
await v. t.
To watch for; to look out for. [OF. awaitier, agaitier; (L. ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch, F. guetter. See Wait.]
deprecation n.
The act of deprecating; a praying against evil; prayer that an evil may be removed or prevented; strong expression of disapprobation. [L. deprecatio; cf. F. déprécation.]
festal a.
Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous; festive. [L. festum holiday, feast. See feast.]
hateful a.
Manifesting hate or hatred; malignant; malevolent.
streaming a.
Sending forth streams.
indignant a.
Affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath, as when a person is exasperated by unworthy or unjust treatment, by a mean action, or by a degrading accusation. [L. indignans, -antis, p. pr. of indignari to be indignant, disdain. See Indign.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Octavia: Act III is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Tragedies of Seneca Translated into English Verse, to Which Have Been Appended Comparative Analyses of the Corresponding Greek and Roman Plays, and a Mythological Index, Project Gutenberg ebook #57999; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Octavia: Act III, in The Tragedies of Seneca (1907), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #57999, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/seneca-tragedies/octavia-act-iii.html, id L21375.

Form and metre

Octavia: Act III is 108 lines in 3 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ------------------------------------------------A--A----BB------CC cloven · come · hell · flames · soon · turn · shades · dwells · soul · ingratitude · gifts · give · death · more · tears · heap · sea · blood · soul · hate · name · obscured · all · destroyed · love · given · controlled · ghost · face · me · now · done · speedily · head · fate · sufferings · tantalus · toil · feels · wheel · stretched · walls · world · flow · bend · offerings · crimes · make · givenA · all · prayers · sonA · crime · slay · sufferings · light · rentB · innocentB · me · seats · sire · name · await · me · faceC · raceC
  2. 2 --------A-A-BB-------- because · joy · love · wrath · you · felt · end · done · faceA · couch · baseA · more · beB · meB · death · this · hope · now · fall · eyes · away · aye
  3. 3 ------------------AA feared · forth · abode · own · woe · oppressed · now · crushed · land · citizens · overcame · kings · grieved · joined · sight · hands · face · couch · swordA · lordA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Ghost of Agrippina [bearing a flaming torch]: Through cloven15······/˘·/˘··/˘
earth from Tartarus I come,7··/˘˘··
To bring in bloody hands this torch of hell10···/˘·····
To light these curséd rites; with such dire flames9·········
Let this Poppaea wed my son, which soon9·········
His mother's grief and vengeful hand shall turn10·/˘··/˘···
To funeral fires. And ever 'mid the shades10·/˘˘/·/···
My impious murder in my memory dwells,11·˘/˘/˘··/˘·
A heavy weight upon my grieving soul10·/˘····/˘·
Still unavenged; for, Oh, ingratitude10······˘/˘˘
He gave me in return for all my gifts,10····˘/····
E'en for the gift of empire did he give10·····/˘···
A murderous ship designed to work my death.10·/˘·˘/····
I would have wept my comrades' plight, and more,10·····/····
My son's most cruel deed: no time for tears10···/˘·····
Was given, but even higher did he heap10·/·/˘/˘···
His sum of crime. Though I escaped the sea,10······˘/··
I felt the keen sword's thrust, and, with my blood10··········
The very gods defiling, poured my soul10·/˘·······
In anguish forth. But even yet his hate10·/˘··/˘···
Was not appeased. Against my very name10··˘/···/˘·
The tyrant raged; my merits he obscured;10·/˘··/˘·˘/
My statues, my inscriptions, honors--all,10·/··˘/˘/˘·
On pain of death he bade to be destroyed10········˘/
Throughout the world--that world my hapless love,10·······/˘·
To my own direful punishment, had given11···/˘/˘˘·/˘
To be by him, an untried boy, controlled.10·····˘/·˘/
And now my murdered husband's angry ghost10···/˘/˘/˘·
Shakes vengeful torches in my guilty face,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Insistent, threat'ning; blames his death on me,10˘/˘·······
His murdered son, and loud demands that now10·/˘···˘/··
The guilty cause be given up. Have done:10·/˘··/˘···
He shall be given, and that right speedily.11···/˘···/˘˘
Avenging furies for his impious head11˘/˘/˘··˘/˘·
Are planning even now a worthy fate:10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Base flight and blows, and fearful sufferings,10·····/˘/˘˘
By which the raging thirst of Tantalus10···/˘··/˘˘
He shall surpass; the cruel, endless toil10··˘/·/˘/˘·
Of Sisyphus; the pain that Tityus feels,10·/˘˘······
And the dread, racking anguish of the wheel10···/˘/˘···
On which Ixion's whirling limbs are stretched.10··˘/˘/˘···
Let gold and marble deck his palace walls;10···/˘··/˘·
Let arméd guards protect him; let the world9···˘/····
Be beggared that its treasures vast may flow10·/˘··/˘···
Into his lap; let suppliant Parthians bend11·····/˘˘/˘·
To kiss his hands, and bring rich offerings:10·······/˘˘
The day and hour will come when for his crimes10···/······
His guilty soul shall full atonement make,10·/˘···˘/˘·
When to his enemies he shall be given,11···/˘˘···/˘
Deserted and destroyed and stripped of all.10˘/˘·˘/····
Oh, to what end my labors and my prayers?10·····/˘···
Why did thy frenzied madness, O my son,10···/˘/˘···
And fate impel thee to such depths of crime10··˘/······
That e'en thy mother's wrath, whom thou didst slay,10···/˘·····
Is all too small to match her sufferings?10·······/˘˘
Oh, would that, ere I brought thee forth to light,10··········
And suckled thee, my vitals had been rent10·/˘··/˘···
By savage beasts! Then senseless, innocent,10·/˘··/˘/˘˘
And mine wouldst thou have perished; joined to me10·····/˘···
Wouldst thou forever see the quiet seats10··˘/˘··/˘·
Of this abode of souls, thy mighty sire,11··˘/···/˘/˘
And grandsires too, those men of glorious name,10·······/˘·
Whom now perpetual shame and grief await10··˘/˘···˘/
Because of thee, thou monster, and of me.10·····/˘···
But why delay in hell to hide my face,10··˘/······
Since I have proved a curse to all my race?10··········
Octavia [to the Chorus in deprecation of their grief because17˘/˘··/˘··········
of her divorce]: Restrain your tears; put on a face of joy,14··˘/˘/········
As on a festal day, lest this your love10···/˘·····
And care for me should stir the royal wrath,10·······/˘·
And I be cause of suffering to you.10·····/˘˘··
This wound is not the first my heart has felt;10··········
Far worse have I endured; but all shall end,10····˘/····
Perchance in death, before this day is done.10˘/········
No more upon my brutal husband's face10·····/˘/˘·
Shall I be forced to look; that hateful couch,10·······/˘·
Long since consigned to slavish uses, base,10··˘/·/˘/˘·
I shall behold no more.6··˘/··
For now Augustus' sister shall I be,10··˘/˘/˘···
And not his wife. But Oh, be far from me10··········
All cruel punishments and fear of death.10·/˘/˘˘····
Poor, foolish girl! and canst thou hope for this?10·/˘·······
Bethink thee of his former sins--and hope.10˘/···/˘···
Nay, he has spared thy wretched life till now,10·····/˘···
That thou mayst at his marriage altars fall.10·····/˘/˘·
But why so often turn thy streaming eyes10···/˘··/˘·
Upon thy home? Now speed thy steps away,10········˘/
And leave this bloody prince's hall for aye.10···/˘/˘···
Chorus: Now dawns at last the day we long have feared12/˘··········
And talked of. Lo, our Claudia, driven forth10····//˘˘/·
By cruel Nero's threats, leaves that abode10·/˘/˘···˘/
Which even now Poppaea calls her own;9·/˘······
While we must sit and grieve with sluggish woe,10·······/˘·
By heavy fear oppressed.6·/˘·˘/
Where is that Roman people's manhood now,10···/˘/˘/··
Which once the pride of mighty leaders crushed,10·····/˘/˘·
Gave righteous laws to an unconquered land,10·/˘·······
Gave powers at will to worthy citizens,11·/˘···/˘/˘˘
Made peace and war, fierce nations overcame,10·····/˘/˘/
And held in dungeons dark their captive kings?10···/˘··/˘·
Behold, on every side our eyes are grieved10˘/·/˘·/···
By this Poppaea's gleaming statues joined10····/˘/··˘
With Nero's images--a shameful sight.10·/˘/˘˘·/˘·
Come, overturn them with indignant hands,10·/˘···˘/˘·
Too like in feature to her living face.10···/˘··/˘·
And her we'll drag from off that royal couch;10·······/˘·
And then, with flaming brand and deadly sword,10···/˘··/˘·
Attack the princely palace of her lord.10˘/·/˘/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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