Octavia: Act IV
NurseWhy dost thou from thy husband's chamber come,Dear child, with hurried step and troubled face?Why dost thou seek a lonely place to weep?For surely has the day we long have soughtWith prayers and promised victims come at last.Thou hast thy Caesar, firmly joined to theeBy ties of marriage, whom thy beauty won,Whom Venus gave to thee in bonds of love,Though Seneca despised and flouted her.How beautiful, upon the banquet couchReclining in the palace, didst thou seem!The senate viewed thy beauty in amazeWhen thou didst offer incense to the gods,And sprinkle wine upon the sacred shrines,Thy head the while with gauzy purple veiled.And close beside thee was thy lord himself;Amid the favoring plaudits of the crowdHe walked majestic, in his look and mienProclaiming all his pride and joy in thee.So did the noble Peleus lead his brideEmerging from the ocean's snowy foam,Whose wedding feast the heavenly gods adorned,With equal joy the sea divinities.What sudden cause has clouded o'er thy face?Tell me, what mean thy pallor and thy tears!
Poppaea: Dear nurse, this night I had a dreadful dream;And even now, as I remember it,My mind is troubled and my senses fail.For when the joyful day had sunk to rest,And in the darkened sky the stars appeared,I lay asleep within my Nero's arms.But that sweet sleep I could not long enjoy;For suddenly a grieving crowd appearedTo throng my chamber--Roman matrons they,With hair disheveled and loud cries of woe.Then 'midst the oft-repeated, strident blastsOf trumpets, there appeared my husband's mother,And shook before my face with threat'ning mienA bloody torch. Compelled by present fear,I followed her; when suddenly the earthSeemed rent asunder to its lowest depths.Headlong to these I plunged, and even thereIn wonder I beheld my wedding couch,Whereon I sank in utter weariness.Then with a throng of followers I sawMy son and former husband drawing near.Straightway Crispinus hastened to my arms,And on my lips his eager kisses fell:When suddenly within that chamber burstMy lord the king with frantic, hurrying steps,And plunged his sword into that other's throat.A mighty terror siezed me, and at lastIt roused me from my sleep. I started upWith trembling limbs and wildly beating heart.Long was I speechless from that haunting fear,Until thy fond affection gave me tongue.Why do the ghosts of hades threaten me?Or why did I behold my husband's blood?
Nurse: All things which occupy the waking mind,Some subtle power, swift working, weaves againInto our web of dreams. Small wonder then,Thy sleeping thoughts were filled with marriage bedsAnd husbands, when thy newly mated lordHeld thee in his embrace. Does it seem strangeThat thou shouldst dream tonight of sounds of woe,Of breasts hard beaten and of streaming hair?Octavia's departure did they mournWithin her brother's and her father's house.The torch which thou didst follow, borne aloftBy Agrippina's hand, is but a signThat hate shall win for thee a mighty name.Thy marriage couch, in realms infernal seen,Portends a lasting state of wedded joy.Since in Crispinus' neck the sword was sheathed,Believe that no more wars thy lord shall wage,But hide his sword within the breast of peace.Take heart again, recall thy joys, I pray,Throw off thy fears, and to thy couch return.
Poppaea: Nay, rather will I seek the sacred shrines,And there make sacrifice unto the gods,That they avert these threats of night and sleep,And turn my terrors all upon my foes.Do thou pray for me and the gods imploreThat in this happy state I may endure.
Chorus [of Roman women in sympathy with Poppaea]:If babbling rumor's tales of Jove,His secret joys in mortal love,Are true, he once, in plumage dressed,Was to the lovely Leda pressed;And as a savage bull he boreEuropa from her native shore:But should he once thy form, Poppaea, see,He would leave his shining stars to dwell with thee.For thou than Leda many foldArt fairer, or that maid of oldWhom Jove embraced in showers of gold.Let Sparta boast her lovely dame,Who, as his prize, to Paris came:Though Helen's beauty drove the world to arms,She still must yield to our Poppaea's charms.But who comes here with hurried step and wild?What tidings bears he in his heaving breast?
Messenger: Whoever guards our noble prince's house,Let him defend it from the people's rage.Behold, the prefects lead their men in haste,To save the city from the furious mobWhose reckless passion grows, unchecked by fear.Chorus: What is the madness that inflames their hearts?
Messenger: The people for their loved OctaviaAre wild with rage and grief; and now in throngsAre rushing forth in mood for any deed.Chorus: What are they bent to do, or with what plan?
Messenger: To give Octavia back her father's house,Her brother's bed, and her due share of empire.
Chorus: But these Poppaea holds as Nero's wife.
Messenger: 'Tis even she 'gainst whom the people's rageBurns most persistent, and to reckless deedsIs driven headlong on. Whate'er they see,Of noble marble wrought, or gleaming bronze,The hated image of Poppaea's face,They cast it to the earth with wanton handsAnd crushing bars. The shattered parts they dragAlong the streets, and with insulting heelDeep in the filthy mud they trample them.These savage deeds are mingled with such wordsAs I should fear to utter in your ears.Soon will they hedge the royal house with flames,Unless the prince his new-made wife give upTo sate the people's wrath, and then restoreTo noble Claudia her father's house.That he himself may know these threatened deeds,I'll haste to tell him as the prefect bade.
Chorus: Why vainly strive against the powers above?For Cupid's weapons are invincible.Your puny fires by those fierce flames he'll dimBy which he oft has quenched the bolts of Jove,And brought the Thunderer captive from the sky.For this offense you shall dire forfeit pay,E'en with your blood; for hot of wrath is he,And may not be o'ercome. At his commandDid fierce Achilles strike the peaceful lyre;He forced the Greeks and Agamemnon proudTo do his will. Illustrious cities, too,And Priam's realm he utterly destroyed.And now my mind in fear awaits to seeWhat Cupid's cruel penalties will be.
Words in this poem 32
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- didst
- , the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
- amaze v. t.
- To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze. [Pref. a- + maze.]
- gauzy a.
- Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.
- veiled a.
- Covered by, or as by, a veil; hidden.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- snowy a.
- White like snow.
- pallor n.
- Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion. Jer. Taylor. [L., fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.]
- dreadful a.
- Full of dread or terror; fearful.
- disheveled a.
- Having in loose disorder; disarranged; as, disheveled hair.
- strident a.
- Characterized by harshness; grating; shrill. [L. stridens, -entis, p.pr. of stridere to make a grating or creaking noise.]
- trumpets n.
- A plant (Sarracenia flava) with long, hollow leaves.
- shook v. t.
- To pack, as staves, in a shook.
- whereon adv.
- On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
- straightway adv.
- Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
- speechless a.
- Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech.
- tonight adv.
- On this present or coming night. [Prep. to+night]
- streaming a.
- Sending forth streams.
- departure n.
- Division; separation; putting away. [From Depart.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- wedded a.
- Joined in wedlock; married.
- wage v. i.
- To bind one's self; to engage.
- jove n.
- The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See Tuesday, and cf. Jupiter.]
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
- dame n.
- A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority; especially, a lady. [F. dame, LL. domna, fr. L. domina mistress, lady, fem. of dominus master, ruler, lord; akin to domare to tame, subdue. See Tame, and cf. Dam mother, Dan, Danger]
- drove n.
- A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
- whoever pron.
- Whatever person; any person who; be or she who; any one who; as, he shall be punished, whoever he may be.
- sate v. t.
- To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
- bade
- A form of the pat tense of Bid.
- puny a.
- Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty. [F. puîté younger, later born, OF. puisné; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + né born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.]
- thunderer n.
- One who thunders; -- used especially as a translation of L.
- dire a.
- Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Octavia: Act IV is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Tragedies of Seneca Translated into English Verse, to Which Have Been Appended Comparative Analyses of the Corresponding Greek and Roman Plays, and a Mythological Index, Project Gutenberg ebook #57999; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Octavia: Act IV, in The Tragedies of Seneca (1907), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #57999, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/seneca-tragedies/octavia-act-iv.html, id L21376.
Form and metre
Octavia: Act IV is 147 lines in 11 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 --A---B------------B----A- nurse · come · faceA · weep · sought · last · theeB · won · love · her · couch · seem · amaze · gods · shrines · veiled · himself · crowd · mien · theeB · bride · foam · adorned · divinities · faceA · tears
- 2 -------------A--A---A------------ dream · it · fail · rest · appeared · arms · enjoy · appeared · they · woe · blasts · mother · mien · fearA · earth · depths · thereA · couch · weariness · saw · nearA · arms · fell · burst · steps · throat · last · up · heart · fear · tongue · me · blood
- 3 -AA----------------- mind · againA · thenA · beds · lord · strange · woe · hair · mourn · house · aloft · sign · name · seen · joy · sheathed · wage · peace · pray · return
- 5 ---AABBCCDDDEEFF-A poppaea · jove · love · dressedA · pressedA · boreB · shoreB · seeC · theeC · foldD · oldD · goldD · dameE · cameE · armsF · charmsF · wild · breastA
- 10 -A-------------A- rage · deedsA · see · bronze · face · hands · drag · heel · them · words · ears · flames · up · restore · house · deedsA · bade
- 11 ----A-A-----AA above · invincible · dim · jove · skyA · pay · heA · command · lyre · proud · too · destroyed · seeA · beA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Nurse | 1 | · |
| Why dost thou from thy husband's chamber come, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Dear child, with hurried step and troubled face? | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Why dost thou seek a lonely place to weep? | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| For surely has the day we long have sought | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| With prayers and promised victims come at last. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Thou hast thy Caesar, firmly joined to thee | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| By ties of marriage, whom thy beauty won, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Whom Venus gave to thee in bonds of love, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Though Seneca despised and flouted her. | 10 | ·/˘˘˘/·/˘· |
| How beautiful, upon the banquet couch | 10 | ·/˘˘···/˘· |
| Reclining in the palace, didst thou seem! | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘··· |
| The senate viewed thy beauty in amaze | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| When thou didst offer incense to the gods, | 10 | ···/˘/···· |
| And sprinkle wine upon the sacred shrines, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Thy head the while with gauzy purple veiled. | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And close beside thee was thy lord himself; | 10 | ··˘/····˘/ |
| Amid the favoring plaudits of the crowd | 10 | ˘/·/˘/˘··· |
| He walked majestic, in his look and mien | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Proclaiming all his pride and joy in thee. | 10 | ˘/˘······· |
| So did the noble Peleus lead his bride | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Emerging from the ocean's snowy foam, | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Whose wedding feast the heavenly gods adorned, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| With equal joy the sea divinities. | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘˘ |
| What sudden cause has clouded o'er thy face? | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Tell me, what mean thy pallor and thy tears! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Poppaea: Dear nurse, this night I had a dreadful dream; | 12 | ·········/˘· |
| And even now, as I remember it, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| My mind is troubled and my senses fail. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| For when the joyful day had sunk to rest, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And in the darkened sky the stars appeared, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| I lay asleep within my Nero's arms. | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| But that sweet sleep I could not long enjoy; | 10 | ········˘/ |
| For suddenly a grieving crowd appeared | 10 | ·/˘˘·/˘·˘/ |
| To throng my chamber--Roman matrons they, | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| With hair disheveled and loud cries of woe. | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Then 'midst the oft-repeated, strident blasts | 10 | ····˘/˘/˘· |
| Of trumpets, there appeared my husband's mother, | 11 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘/˘ |
| And shook before my face with threat'ning mien | 10 | ·········· |
| A bloody torch. Compelled by present fear, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| I followed her; when suddenly the earth | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘·· |
| Seemed rent asunder to its lowest depths. | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Headlong to these I plunged, and even there | 10 | /······/˘· |
| In wonder I beheld my wedding couch, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| Whereon I sank in utter weariness. | 10 | ˘/···/˘/˘˘ |
| Then with a throng of followers I saw | 10 | ·····/˘˘·· |
| My son and former husband drawing near. | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| Straightway Crispinus hastened to my arms, | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| And on my lips his eager kisses fell: | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| When suddenly within that chamber burst | 10 | ·/˘˘···/˘· |
| My lord the king with frantic, hurrying steps, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And plunged his sword into that other's throat. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| A mighty terror siezed me, and at last | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| It roused me from my sleep. I started up | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| With trembling limbs and wildly beating heart. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Long was I speechless from that haunting fear, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Until thy fond affection gave me tongue. | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Why do the ghosts of hades threaten me? | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Or why did I behold my husband's blood? | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| Nurse: All things which occupy the waking mind, | 11 | ····/˘··/˘· |
| Some subtle power, swift working, weaves again | 10 | ·/˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| Into our web of dreams. Small wonder then, | 10 | ··/····/˘· |
| Thy sleeping thoughts were filled with marriage beds | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| And husbands, when thy newly mated lord | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Held thee in his embrace. Does it seem strange | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| That thou shouldst dream tonight of sounds of woe, | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| Of breasts hard beaten and of streaming hair? | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Octavia's departure did they mourn | 10 | ˘/˘˘˘/˘··· |
| Within her brother's and her father's house. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| The torch which thou didst follow, borne aloft | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| By Agrippina's hand, is but a sign | 10 | ·········· |
| That hate shall win for thee a mighty name. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Thy marriage couch, in realms infernal seen, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| Portends a lasting state of wedded joy. | 10 | ˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| Since in Crispinus' neck the sword was sheathed, | 10 | ·········· |
| Believe that no more wars thy lord shall wage, | 10 | ˘/········ |
| But hide his sword within the breast of peace. | 10 | ·········· |
| Take heart again, recall thy joys, I pray, | 10 | ··˘/˘/···· |
| Throw off thy fears, and to thy couch return. | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Poppaea: Nay, rather will I seek the sacred shrines, | 12 | ···/˘····/˘· |
| And there make sacrifice unto the gods, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| That they avert these threats of night and sleep, | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| And turn my terrors all upon my foes. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Do thou pray for me and the gods implore | 10 | ········˘/ |
| That in this happy state I may endure. | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Chorus [of Roman women in sympathy with Poppaea]: | 13 | /˘·/˘/˘·/˘··· |
| If babbling rumor's tales of Jove, | 9 | ·/˘˘/˘··· |
| His secret joys in mortal love, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Are true, he once, in plumage dressed, | 9 | ·····/˘·˘ |
| Was to the lovely Leda pressed; | 9 | ···/˘/˘·˘ |
| And as a savage bull he bore | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Europa from her native shore: | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| But should he once thy form, Poppaea, see, | 9 | ········· |
| He would leave his shining stars to dwell with thee. | 11 | ····/˘····· |
| For thou than Leda many fold | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Art fairer, or that maid of old | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Whom Jove embraced in showers of gold. | 10 | ··˘/˘·/˘·· |
| Let Sparta boast her lovely dame, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Who, as his prize, to Paris came: | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Though Helen's beauty drove the world to arms, | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| She still must yield to our Poppaea's charms. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| But who comes here with hurried step and wild? | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| What tidings bears he in his heaving breast? | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Messenger: Whoever guards our noble prince's house, | 12 | /˘˘/˘·//˘/˘· |
| Let him defend it from the people's rage. | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| Behold, the prefects lead their men in haste, | 10 | ˘/·/······ |
| To save the city from the furious mob | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Whose reckless passion grows, unchecked by fear. | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/·· |
| Chorus: What is the madness that inflames their hearts? | 12 | /˘···/˘·˘/·· |
| Messenger: The people for their loved Octavia | 11 | /˘·/˘···˘/˘ |
| Are wild with rage and grief; and now in throngs | 10 | ·········· |
| Are rushing forth in mood for any deed. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Chorus: What are they bent to do, or with what plan? | 12 | /˘·········· |
| Messenger: To give Octavia back her father's house, | 12 | /˘··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Her brother's bed, and her due share of empire. | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| Chorus: But these Poppaea holds as Nero's wife. | 11 | /˘······/˘· |
| Messenger: 'Tis even she 'gainst whom the people's rage | 11 | /˘·/····/˘· |
| Burns most persistent, and to reckless deeds | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Is driven headlong on. Whate'er they see, | 10 | ·//··˘˘/·· |
| Of noble marble wrought, or gleaming bronze, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| The hated image of Poppaea's face, | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| They cast it to the earth with wanton hands | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And crushing bars. The shattered parts they drag | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Along the streets, and with insulting heel | 10 | ˘/····˘/˘· |
| Deep in the filthy mud they trample them. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| These savage deeds are mingled with such words | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| As I should fear to utter in your ears. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Soon will they hedge the royal house with flames, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Unless the prince his new-made wife give up | 10 | ·········· |
| To sate the people's wrath, and then restore | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| To noble Claudia her father's house. | 10 | ·/˘/˘˘·/˘· |
| That he himself may know these threatened deeds, | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| I'll haste to tell him as the prefect bade. | 10 | ·······/·· |
| Chorus: Why vainly strive against the powers above? | 12 | /˘·/˘····/·· |
| For Cupid's weapons are invincible. | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘˘ |
| Your puny fires by those fierce flames he'll dim | 10 | ·/˘/······ |
| By which he oft has quenched the bolts of Jove, | 10 | ·········· |
| And brought the Thunderer captive from the sky. | 11 | ···/˘˘/˘··· |
| For this offense you shall dire forfeit pay, | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| E'en with your blood; for hot of wrath is he, | 10 | ·········· |
| And may not be o'ercome. At his command | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Did fierce Achilles strike the peaceful lyre; | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| He forced the Greeks and Agamemnon proud | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| To do his will. Illustrious cities, too, | 10 | ····˘/˘/˘· |
| And Priam's realm he utterly destroyed. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘˘/ |
| And now my mind in fear awaits to see | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| What Cupid's cruel penalties will be. | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘˘·· |
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