Hymn for the Burial of the Dead

Prudentius (348–413) · 1905

iambic tetrameter · ABBA · 172 lines · from The Hymns of Prudentius

Fountain of life, supernal Fire,Who didst unite in wondrous wiseThe soul that lives, the clay that dies,And mad'st them Man: eternal Sire,

Both elements Thy will obey,Thine is the bond that joins the twain,And, while united they remain,Spirit and body own Thy sway.

Yet they must one day disunite,Sunder in death this mortal frame;Dust to the dust from whence it came,The spirit to its heavenward flight.

For all created things must wane,And age must break the bond at last;The diverse web that Life held fastDeath's fingers shall unweave again.

Yet, gracious God, Thou dost deviseThe death of Death for all Thine own;The path of safety Thou hast shownWhereby the doomed limbs may rise:

So that, while fragile bonds of earthMan's noblest essence still enfold,That part may yet the sceptre holdWhich from pure aether hath its birth.

For if the earthy will hold sway,By gross desires and aims possessed,The soul, too, by the weight oppressed,Follows the body's downward way.

But if she scorn the guilt that mars--Still mindful of her fiery sphere--She bears the flesh, her comrade here,Back to her home beyond the stars.

The lifeless body we restoreTo earth, must slumber free from painA little while, that it may gainThe spirit's fellowship once more.

The years will pass with rapid paceTill through these limbs the life shall flow,And the long-parted spirit goTo seek her olden dwelling-place.

Then shall the body, that hath lainAnd turned to dust in slow decay,On airy wings be borne awayAnd join its ancient soul again.

Therefore our tenderest care we spendUpon the grave: and mourners goWith solemn dirge and footstep slow--Love's last sad tribute to a friend.

With fair white linen we enfoldThe dear dead limbs, and richest storeOf Eastern unguents duly pourUpon the body still and cold.

Why hew the rocky tomb so deep,Why raise the monument so fair,Save that the form we cherish thereIs no dead thing, but laid to sleep?

This is the faithful ministryOf Christian men, who hold it trueThat all shall one day live anewWho now in icy slumber lie.

And he whose pitying hand shall laySome friendless outcast 'neath the sod,E'en to the almighty Son of GodDoth that benignant service pay.

For this same law doth bid us mournMan's common fate, when strangers die,And pay the tribute of a sigh,As when our kin to rest are borne.

Of holy Tobit ye have read,(Grave father of a pious son),Who, though the feast was set, would runTo do his duty by the dead.

Though waiting servants stood around,From meat and drink he turned awayAnd girt himself in haste to layThe bones with weeping in the ground.

Soon Heaven his righteous zeal repaysWith rich reward; the eyes long blindIn bitter gall strange virtue findAnd open to the sun's clear rays.

Thus hath our Heavenly Father shownHow sharp and bitter is the smartWhen sudden on the purblind heartThe Daystar's healing light is thrown.

He taught us, too, that none may gazeUpon the heavenly demesneEre that in darkness and in painHis feet have trod the world's rough ways.

So unto death itself is givenStrange bliss, when mortal agonyOpens the way that leads on highAnd pain is but the path to Heaven.

Thus to a far serener dayOur body from the grave returns;Eternal life within it burnsThat knows nor languor nor decay.

These faces now so pinched and pale,That marks of lingering sickness show,Then fairer than the rose shall glowAnd bloom with youth that ne'er shall fail.

Ne'er shall crabbed age their beauty dimWith wrinkled brow and tresses grey,Nor arid leanness eat awayThe vigour of the rounded limb.

Racked with his own destroying painsShall fell Disease, who now attacksOur aching frames, his force relaxFast fettered in a thousand chains:

While from its far celestial throneThe immortal body, victor now,Shall watch its old tormentor bowAnd in eternal tortures groan.

Why do the clamorous mourners wailIn bootless sorrow murmuring?And why doth grief unreasoningGod's righteous ordinance assail?

Hushed be your voices, ye that mourn;Ye weeping mothers, dry the tear;Let none lament for children dear,For man through Death to Life is born.

So do dry seeds grow green again,Now dead and buried in the earth,And rising to a second birthClothe as of old the verdant plain.

Take now, O earth, the load we bear,And cherish in thy gentle breastThis mortal frame we lay to rest,The poor remains that were so fair.

For they were once the soul's abode,That by God's breath created came;And in them, like a living flame,Christ's precious gift of wisdom glowed.

Guard thou the body we have laidWithin thy care, till He demandThe creature fashioned by His handAnd after His own image made.

The appointed time soon may we seeWhen God shall all our hopes fulfil,And thou must render to His willUnchanged the charge we give to thee.

For though consumed by mould and rustMan's body slowly fades away,And years of lingering decayLeave but a handful of dry dust;

Though wandering winds, that idly fly,Should his disparted ashes bearThrough all the wide expanse of air,Man may not perish utterly.

Yet till Thou dost build up againThis mortal structure by Thy hand,In what far world wilt Thou commandThe soul to rest, now free from stain?

In Abraham's bosom it shall dwell'Mid verdant bowers, as Lazarus liesWhom Dives sees with longing eyesFrom out the far-off fires of hell.

We trust the words our Saviour saidWhen, victor o'er grim Death, he criedTo him who suffered at His side"In Mine own footsteps shalt thou tread."

See, open to the faithful soul,The shining paths of Paradise;Now may they to that garden riseWhich from mankind the Serpent stole.

Guide him, we pray, to that blest bourn,Who served Thee truly here below;May he the bliss of Eden know,Who strayed in banishment forlorn.

But we will honour our dear deadWith violets and garlands strown,And o'er the cold and graven stoneShall fragrant odours still be shed.

Words in this poem 39
supernal a.
Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as, the supernal orbs; supernal regions. [L. supernus, from super above: cf. F. supernel. See Super-.]
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
unweave v. t.
To unfold; to undo; to ravel, as what has been woven. [1st pref. un- + weave.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
enfold v. t.
To infold. See Infold.
sceptre n.
A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
mindful a.
Bearing in mind; regardful; attentive; heedful; observant.
olden a.
Old; ancient; as, the olden time.
dirge n.
A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn. [Contraction of Lat. dirige, direct thou (imperative of dirigere), the first word of a funeral hymn (Lat. transl. of Psalm v. 8) beginning, "Dirige, Domine, in c]
pitying a.
Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word.
friendless a.
Destitute of friends; forsaken. [AS. freóndleás.]
outcast a.
Cast out; degraded. [Cf. Sw. utkasta to cast out.]
benignant a.
Kind; gracious; favorable. [LL. benignans, p. pr. of benignare, from L. benignus. See Benign.]
tobit n.
A book of the Apocrypha.
girt v. t.
To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.]
leanness n.
The condition or quality of being lean. [AS. hlænnes.]
vigour v. t.
To invigorate. Feltham.
aching a.
That aches; continuously painful. See Ache.
fettered a.
Seeming as if fettered, as the feet pf certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for walking.
tormentor n.
One who, or that which, torments; one who inflicts penal anguish or tortures. Jer. Taylor.
bootless a.
Unavailing; unprofitable; useless; without advantage or success. [From Boot profit.]
ordinance n.
Orderly arrangement; preparation; provision. [OE. ordenance, OF. ordenance, F. ordonnance. See Ordain, and cf. Ordnance, Ordonnance.]
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
mould n.
Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
handful n.
As much as the hand will grasp or contain. [AS. handfull.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
dives n.
The name popularly given to the rich man in our Lord's parable of the [L., rich.]
saviour n.
One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger. [OE. saveour, OF. salveor, F. sauveur, fr. L. salvator to save. See Save, v.]
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
bourn n.
A stream or rivulet; a burn. [OE. burne, borne, AS. burna; akin to OS. brunno spring, G. born, brunnen, OHG. prunno, Goth. brunna, Icel. brunnr, and perh. to Gr. burn, v., because the source]
eden n.
The garden where Adam and Eve first dwelt; hence, a delightful region or residence. [Heb. eden delight, pleasure; also, a place of pleasure, Eden.]
forlorn a.
Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
graven p. p.
Carved. Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Hymn for the Burial of the Dead is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Hymns of Prudentius, Project Gutenberg ebook #14959; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Prudentius, Hymn for the Burial of the Dead, in The Hymns of Prudentius (1905), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #14959, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/prudentius-hymns/hymn-for-the-burial-of-the-dead.html, id L23684.

Form and metre

Hymn for the Burial of the Dead is 172 lines in 43 stanzas of 4 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABBA, complete in 36 of its 43 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%).

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABBA fireA · wiseB · diesB · sireA
  2. 2 ABBA obeyA · twainB · remainB · swayA
  3. 3 ABBA disuniteA · frameB · cameB · flightA
  4. 4 ABBA waneA · lastB · fastB · againA
  5. 5 ABBA deviseA · ownB · shownB · riseA
  6. 6 ABBA earthA · enfoldB · holdB · birthA
  7. 7 ABBA swayA · possessedB · oppressedB · wayA
  8. 8 ABBA marsA · sphereB · hereB · starsA
  9. 9 ABBA restoreA · painB · gainB · moreA
  10. 10 ABBA paceA · flowB · goB · placeA
  11. 11 ABBA lainA · decayB · awayB · againA
  12. 12 ABBA spendA · goB · slowB · friendA
  13. 13 ABBA enfoldA · storeB · pourB · coldA
  14. 14 ABBA deepA · fairB · thereB · sleepA
  15. 15 -AA- ministry · trueA · anewA · lie
  16. 16 ABBA layA · sodB · godB · payA
  17. 17 ABBA mournA · dieB · sighB · borneA
  18. 18 ABBA readA · sonB · runB · deadA
  19. 19 ABBA aroundA · awayB · layB · groundA
  20. 20 ABBA repaysA · blindB · findB · raysA
  21. 21 ABBA shownA · smartB · heartB · thrownA
  22. 22 A--A gazeA · demesne · pain · waysA
  23. 24 ABBA dayA · returnsB · burnsB · decayA
  24. 25 ABBA paleA · showB · glowB · failA
  25. 26 ABBA dimA · greyB · awayB · limbA
  26. 27 ABBA painsA · attacksB · relaxB · chainsA
  27. 28 ABBA throneA · nowB · bowB · groanA
  28. 29 A--A wailA · murmuring · unreasoning · assailA
  29. 30 ABBA mournA · tearB · dearB · bornA
  30. 31 ABBA againA · earthB · birthB · plainA
  31. 32 ABBA bearA · breastB · restB · fairA
  32. 33 ABBA abodeA · cameB · flameB · glowedA
  33. 34 ABBA laidA · demandB · handB · madeA
  34. 35 A--A seeA · fulfil · will · theeA
  35. 36 ABBA rustA · awayB · decayB · dustA
  36. 37 -AA- fly · bearA · airA · utterly
  37. 38 ABBA againA · handB · commandB · stainA
  38. 39 ABBA dwellA · liesB · eyesB · hellA
  39. 40 ABBA saidA · criedB · sideB · treadA
  40. 41 A--A soulA · paradise · rise · stoleA
  41. 42 ABBA bournA · belowB · knowB · forlornA
  42. 43 ABBA deadA · strownB · stoneB · shedA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Fountain of life, supernal Fire,9/˘··˘/˘/˘
Who didst unite in wondrous wise8··/··/˘·
The soul that lives, the clay that dies,8········
And mad'st them Man: eternal Sire,9····˘/˘/˘
Both elements Thy will obey,8·/˘˘··˘/
Thine is the bond that joins the twain,8········
And, while united they remain,8··˘/˘·˘/
Spirit and body own Thy sway.8/˘·/˘···
Yet they must one day disunite,8········
Sunder in death this mortal frame;8/˘···/˘·
Dust to the dust from whence it came,8········
The spirit to its heavenward flight.8·/··/˘˘·
For all created things must wane,8··˘/˘···
And age must break the bond at last;8········
The diverse web that Life held fast8·˘/·····
Death's fingers shall unweave again.8·/˘·˘/˘/
Yet, gracious God, Thou dost devise8·/˘···˘/
The death of Death for all Thine own;8········
The path of safety Thou hast shown8···/˘···
Whereby the doomed limbs may rise:8····˘···
So that, while fragile bonds of earth8···/˘···
Man's noblest essence still enfold,8·/˘/˘·˘/
That part may yet the sceptre hold8·····/˘·
Which from pure aether hath its birth.8········
For if the earthy will hold sway,8···/˘···
By gross desires and aims possessed,8··˘/··˘/
The soul, too, by the weight oppressed,8······˘/
Follows the body's downward way.8/˘·/˘/˘·
But if she scorn the guilt that mars--8········
Still mindful of her fiery sphere--8·/˘··/˘·
She bears the flesh, her comrade here,8·····/··
Back to her home beyond the stars.8········
The lifeless body we restore8·/˘/˘·˘/
To earth, must slumber free from pain8···/˘···
A little while, that it may gain8·/˘·····
The spirit's fellowship once more.8·/˘/˘···
The years will pass with rapid pace8·····/˘·
Till through these limbs the life shall flow,8········
And the long-parted spirit go8···/˘/˘·
To seek her olden dwelling-place.8···/˘/˘·
Then shall the body, that hath lain8···/˘···
And turned to dust in slow decay,8······˘/
On airy wings be borne away8·/˘···˘/
And join its ancient soul again.8···/˘·˘/
Therefore our tenderest care we spend8··//˘···
Upon the grave: and mourners go8·····/˘·
With solemn dirge and footstep slow--8·/˘··/··
Love's last sad tribute to a friend.8···/˘···
With fair white linen we enfold8···/˘·˘/
The dear dead limbs, and richest store8·····/˘·
Of Eastern unguents duly pour8·/˘··/˘·
Upon the body still and cold.8···/˘···
Why hew the rocky tomb so deep,8···/˘···
Why raise the monument so fair,8···/˘˘··
Save that the form we cherish there8·····/˘·
Is no dead thing, but laid to sleep?8········
This is the faithful ministry8···/˘/˘˘
Of Christian men, who hold it true8·/˘·····
That all shall one day live anew8······˘/
Who now in icy slumber lie.8···/˘/˘·
And he whose pitying hand shall lay8···/˘···
Some friendless outcast 'neath the sod,8·/˘/····
E'en to the almighty Son of God9···˘/˘···
Doth that benignant service pay.8··˘/˘/˘·
For this same law doth bid us mourn8········
Man's common fate, when strangers die,8·/˘··/˘·
And pay the tribute of a sigh,8···/˘···
As when our kin to rest are borne.8··/·····
Of holy Tobit ye have read,8·/˘/˘···
(Grave father of a pious son),8·/˘··/˘·
Who, though the feast was set, would run8········
To do his duty by the dead.8···/˘···
Though waiting servants stood around,8·/˘/˘···
From meat and drink he turned away8······˘/
And girt himself in haste to lay8··˘/····
The bones with weeping in the ground.8···/˘···
Soon Heaven his righteous zeal repays8·/·/˘··/
With rich reward; the eyes long blind8··˘/····
In bitter gall strange virtue find8·/˘··/˘·
And open to the sun's clear rays.8·/˘·····
Thus hath our Heavenly Father shown8··//˘/˘·
How sharp and bitter is the smart8···/˘···
When sudden on the purblind heart8·/˘··/˘·
The Daystar's healing light is thrown.8···/˘···
He taught us, too, that none may gaze8········
Upon the heavenly demesne8···/˘˘˘/
Ere that in darkness and in pain8···/˘···
His feet have trod the world's rough ways.8········
So unto death itself is given9····˘/·/˘
Strange bliss, when mortal agony8···/˘/˘˘
Opens the way that leads on high8/˘······
And pain is but the path to Heaven.9·······/˘
Thus to a far serener day8········
Our body from the grave returns;8//˘···˘/
Eternal life within it burns8˘/˘·····
That knows nor languor nor decay.8···/˘·˘/
These faces now so pinched and pale,8·/˘·····
That marks of lingering sickness show,8···/˘/˘·
Then fairer than the rose shall glow8·/˘·····
And bloom with youth that ne'er shall fail.8········
Ne'er shall crabbed age their beauty dim8·····/˘·
With wrinkled brow and tresses grey,8·/˘··/˘·
Nor arid leanness eat away8·/˘/˘·˘/
The vigour of the rounded limb.8·/˘··/˘·
Racked with his own destroying pains8····˘/˘·
Shall fell Disease, who now attacks8··˘/··˘/
Our aching frames, his force relax8//˘···˘/
Fast fettered in a thousand chains:8·/˘··/˘·
While from its far celestial throne8····˘/˘·
The immortal body, victor now,9·˘/˘/˘/˘·
Shall watch its old tormentor bow8····/·˘·
And in eternal tortures groan.8··˘/˘/˘·
Why do the clamorous mourners wail9···/˘˘/˘·
In bootless sorrow murmuring?8·/˘/˘/˘˘
And why doth grief unreasoning7····˘/˘
God's righteous ordinance assail?8·/˘/˘˘˘/
Hushed be your voices, ye that mourn;8···/˘···
Ye weeping mothers, dry the tear;8·/˘/˘···
Let none lament for children dear,8··˘/·/˘·
For man through Death to Life is born.8········
So do dry seeds grow green again,8······˘/
Now dead and buried in the earth,8···/˘···
And rising to a second birth8·/˘··/˘·
Clothe as of old the verdant plain.8·····/˘·
Take now, O earth, the load we bear,8········
And cherish in thy gentle breast8·/˘··/˘·
This mortal frame we lay to rest,8·/˘·····
The poor remains that were so fair.8··˘/····
For they were once the soul's abode,8······˘/
That by God's breath created came;8····˘/˘·
And in them, like a living flame,8·····/˘·
Christ's precious gift of wisdom glowed.8·/˘··/˘·
Guard thou the body we have laid8···/˘···
Within thy care, till He demand8······˘/
The creature fashioned by His hand8·/˘/˘···
And after His own image made.8·····/˘·
The appointed time soon may we see9·˘/˘·····
When God shall all our hopes fulfil,8····/···
And thou must render to His will8···/˘···
Unchanged the charge we give to thee.8˘/······
For though consumed by mould and rust8··˘/····
Man's body slowly fades away,8·/˘/˘·˘/
And years of lingering decay8···/˘˘˘/
Leave but a handful of dry dust;8···/····
Though wandering winds, that idly fly,8·/˘··/˘·
Should his disparted ashes bear8·····/˘·
Through all the wide expanse of air,8····˘/··
Man may not perish utterly.8···/˘/˘˘
Yet till Thou dost build up again8······˘/
This mortal structure by Thy hand,8·/˘/˘···
In what far world wilt Thou command8······˘/
The soul to rest, now free from stain?8········
In Abraham's bosom it shall dwell9·/˘·/˘···
'Mid verdant bowers, as Lazarus lies8·/˘/·/˘·
Whom Dives sees with longing eyes7····/˘·
From out the far-off fires of hell.8·····/··
We trust the words our Saviour said8····//˘·
When, victor o'er grim Death, he cried8·/˘·····
To him who suffered at His side8···/˘···
"In Mine own footsteps shalt thou tread."8···/····
See, open to the faithful soul,8·/˘··/˘·
The shining paths of Paradise;8·/˘··/˘·
Now may they to that garden rise8·····/˘·
Which from mankind the Serpent stole.8··//·/˘·
Guide him, we pray, to that blest bourn,8········
Who served Thee truly here below;8···/˘···
May he the bliss of Eden know,8·····/˘·
Who strayed in banishment forlorn.8···/˘˘˘/
But we will honour our dear dead8···/˘/··
With violets and garlands strown,8·/˘˘·/˘·
And o'er the cold and graven stone8·····/˘·
Shall fragrant odours still be shed.8·/˘/˘···

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