Section XVIII
Through many a town and bower had spreadThe maniac's tale—all anxious readIn Bagdad and far-distant plainsThe mournful lover's amorous strains;And every heart, which had been wrungWith withered hopes, in pity hungO'er sorrows which to madness drove—The very martyrdom of love.And all aspired to seek the caveWhich hourly might become his graveTo find th' enduring man; to viewThat prodigy—but seen by few—Of whom the world astonished spoke,As crushed beneath misfortune's yoke;Whose truth and constancy excelledAll that the world had e'er beheld.A gallant youth, who long had knownThe pangs of love, impatient rose,And on his camel, all alone,Sought for the man of many woes;Anxious to be the first to seeThe man pre-eminent in misery;And many a farsang he had rode,Before he reached the lover's wild abode.Majnún beheld him from afar,And sent his vassals to their lair;And welcome gave, and asked his name,And whence the hurrying stranger came.—'I come, my friend, to make thee glad;I come from beautiful Bagdad.In that enchanting place I mightHave lived in transport day and night;But I have heard thy tender lays,Thy sorrows, which the world amaze;And all that now remains for meIs, all life long, to dwell with thee.Thy tuneful strains such joy impart,Each word is treasured in my heart:In love, like thee, I weep and sigh—Let us together live—together die!'Astonished at this strange desire,Laughing, the maniac thus replies:'Sir knight! so soon does pleasure tire?And dost thou worldly pomp despise,And all that luxury can give,With me in wood and cave to live?
'Mistaken youth! what dost thou knowOf broken hearts—of love like mine—That thou shouldst life's sweet joys forego,And every cheering hope resign?I have companions, night and day;But forest-inmates—beasts of prey;Yet do I ask no other—none;I'd rather live with them alone.What hast thou social seen in me,When demons from my presence flee,That thou wouldst brave the noontide heat,The dangers of the midnight air,Unsheltered, naked head and feet,To herd with one not worth thy care,Nor worth a thought? Beneath the scorching sunI thread the wild wood, and, when day is done,Lay myself down upon a beggar's throne—My canopy, the trees—my pillow, a rude stone.Houseless and poor, and oft with hunger pressed,How can I take a stranger for my guest?Whilst thou, surrounded by thy friends at home,Moved by no need, but by a whim to roam,Mayst pass thy hours in cheerfulness and glee,And never think of such a wretch as me!'The gallant youth now placed in viewVarious refreshments he had thither brought—Sweet cakes and fruit—and from his pannier drewHeart-easing wine, his purpose to promote,To win the favour of the moon-struck man;And thus his brief but earnest speech began:'Friend, share my meal in kindness, and allowA smile of joy to clear that furrowed brow!In bread is life; it strengthens every part,And, while it strengthens, cheers the droopingheart.'Majnún rejoined: 'The argument is just;Without refreshment man descends to dust:Nerve, power, and strength from nourishment proceed;But this is not the nourishment I need.''Yet mortals change, whate'er their aim;Nothing on earth remains the same:I know thou canst not be unmoved;For ever thus thou canst not be;Perpetual change the heavens have proved;And night and morn, successively,Attest its truth. That thou hast lovedI know; but thou mayst yet be free:The heavens are clothed in deepest gloom;Black is the threatening day of doom;The clouds fly off, the storm is past,No longer howls the scattering blast;The heavens resume their wonted sheen,And brighter glows the varied scene:So grief devours the heart a while;So frowns are followed by a smile:Like thee was I enchanted, bound,Girt by love's galling fetters round;But to the winds my grief I flung,And to my fate no longer clung.This fire of love, which burns so bright,What is it but a treacherous light?The type of youth;—when that is o'er,The burning mountain flames no more!'But Majnún spurned the traitor-thought, and said:'Speak'st thou to me as one to feeling dead?I am myself the king of love; and nowGlory in my dominion: and wouldst thouPersuade me to abandon all that HeavenHas, 'mid my sufferings, for my solace given,To quit that cherished hope, than life more dear,Which rivets me to earth, and keeps me here?That pure ethereal love, that mystic flower,Nurtured in Heaven, fit for an angel's dower?What! from my heart expel the dream of love?First from the ocean's bed the sands remove!Useless the effort,—useless is thy aim,—Thou canst not quench a never-dying flame.Then cease persuasion. Why to me appearA master, teaching, like some holy seer?He who aspires to open locks, they say,To be successful, first must know the way.'The youth perceived his error, yet remainedIn friendly converse a few fleeting days;And, by the oracle of love enchained,Listened, enraptured, to his varied lays;Companionship delectable! then roseTo bid adieu, since there he might not stay,And, sorrowing, left the man of many woes,Surrounded by his vassal-beasts of prey.
Words in this poem 34
- drove n.
- A collection of cattle driven, or cattle collected for driving; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep, or swine, driven in a body. [AS. draf, fr. drifan to drive. See Drive.]
- martyrdom n.
- The condition of a martyr; the death of a martyr; the suffering of death on account of adherence to the Christian faith, or to any cause. [Martyr + -dom.]
- hourly a.
- Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.
- prodigy n.
- Something extraordinary, or out of the usual course of nature, from which omens are drawn; a portent; as, eclipses and meteors were anciently deemed prodigies. [L. prodigium; pro before + (perh.) a word appearing in adagium adage: cf. F. prodige. Cf. Adage.]
- spoke n.
- The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
- rode n.
- Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
- abode n.
- Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
- afar adv.
- At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
- lair n.
- A place in which to lie or rest; especially, the bed or couch of a wild beast. [OE. leir, AS. leger; akin to D. leger, G. lager couch, lair, OHG. laga, Goth. ligrs, and to E. lie. See Lie to be prostrate, and cf. Layer, Leaguer.]
- amaze v. t.
- To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze. [Pref. a- + maze.]
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
- tuneful a.
- Harmonious; melodious; musical; as, tuneful notes.
- maniac a.
- Raving with madness; raging with disordered intellect; affected with mania; mad. [F. maniaque. See Mania.]
- despise v. t.
- To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of. [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Des]
- forego v. t.
- To quit; to relinquish; to leave. [See Forgo.]
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- noontide n.
- The time of noon; midday. [From noon + tide time; cf. AS. n the ninth hour.]
- scorching a.
- Burning; parching or shriveling with heat.
- houseless a.
- Destitute of the shelter of a house; shelterless; homeless; as, a houseless wanderer.
- glee n.
- Music; minstrelsy; entertainment.
- favour n.
- Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will. [Written also favour.]
- unmoved a.
- Not moved; fixed; firm; unshaken; calm; apathetic.
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- attest v. t.
- To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; as, to attest the truth of a writing, a copy of record. [L. attestari; ad + testari to bear witness: cf. F. attester.]
- resume n.
- A summing up; a condensed statement; an abridgment or brief recapitulation. [F. See Resume.]
- wonted a.
- Accustomed; customary; usual.
- sheen v. i.
- To shine; to glisten.
- enchanted a.
- Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.
- girt v. t.
- To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.]
- galling a.
- Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating.
- clung a.
- Wasted away; shrunken. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]
- solace n.
- Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also, that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles; relief. [OF. solas, ssoulaz, L. solacium, solatium, fr. solari to comfort, console. Cf. Console, v. t.]
- oracle v. i.
- To utter oracles.
- delectable a.
- Highly pleasing; delightful. [OF. delitable, OF. delitable, F. délectable, fr. L. delectabilis, fr. delectare to delight. See Delight.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Section XVIII is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Loves of Laili and Majnun: A Poem from the Original Persian of Nizami, by James Atkinson, edited by the Rev. J. A. Atkinson (London: David Nutt, 1894), reprinting the Oriental Translation Fund edition of 1836, Internet Archive, the James Atkinson translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Nizami Ganjavi, Section XVIII, in The Loves of Laili and Majnun (1836), text of Internet Archive, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nizami-laili-and-majnun/section-xviii.html, id L29225.
Form and metre
Section XVIII is 135 lines in 2 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCC--DDEEFFGGHIHI--JJ--KKLLMMNNOOPPOOQRQR-- spreadA · readA · plainsB · strainsB · wrungC · hungC · drove · love · caveD · graveD · viewE · fewE · spokeF · yokeF · excelledG · beheldG · knownH · roseI · aloneH · woesI · see · misery · rodeJ · abodeJ · afar · lair · nameK · cameK · gladL · bagdadL · mightM · nightM · laysN · amazeN · meO · theeO · impartP · heartP · sighO · dieO · desireQ · repliesR · tireQ · despiseR · give · live
- 2 ABABCC--DDEFEFGGHHIIJJKKL-L-MMNNO-OPPQQRRSTS--TUUVVWWXXYYZZaa--bbcc--dd--eeffgghhijijklkl knowA · mineB · foregoA · resignB · dayC · preyC · none · alone · meD · fleeD · heatE · airF · feetE · careF · sunG · doneG · throneH · stoneH · pressedI · guestI · homeJ · roamJ · gleeK · meK · viewL · brought · drewL · promote · manM · beganM · allowN · browN · partO · drooping · heartO · justP · dustP · proceedQ · needQ · aimR · sameR · unmovedS · beT · provedS · successively · loved · freeT · gloomU · doomU · pastV · blastV · sheenW · sceneW · whileX · smileX · boundY · roundY · flungZ · clungZ · brighta · lighta · o'er · more · saidb · deadb · nowc · thouc · heaven · given · deard · hered · flower · dower · lovee · removee · aimf · flamef · appearg · seerg · sayh · wayh · remainedi · daysj · enchainedi · laysj · rosek · stayl · woesk · preyl
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Through many a town and bower had spread | 8 | ·/···/·· |
| The maniac's tale—all anxious read | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| In Bagdad and far-distant plains | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The mournful lover's amorous strains; | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘· |
| And every heart, which had been wrung | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| With withered hopes, in pity hung | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| O'er sorrows which to madness drove— | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The very martyrdom of love. | 8 | ·/˘/˘˘·· |
| And all aspired to seek the cave | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| Which hourly might become his grave | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| To find th' enduring man; to view | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| That prodigy—but seen by few— | 8 | ·/˘˘···· |
| Of whom the world astonished spoke, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| As crushed beneath misfortune's yoke; | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Whose truth and constancy excelled | 8 | ···/˘˘˘/ |
| All that the world had e'er beheld. | 8 | ······˘/ |
| A gallant youth, who long had known | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| The pangs of love, impatient rose, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| And on his camel, all alone, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Sought for the man of many woes; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Anxious to be the first to see | 8 | /˘······ |
| The man pre-eminent in misery; | 9 | ···/˘·/˘˘ |
| And many a farsang he had rode, | 8 | ·/······ |
| Before he reached the lover's wild abode. | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Majnún beheld him from afar, | 8 | ··˘/··˘/ |
| And sent his vassals to their lair; | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And welcome gave, and asked his name, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And whence the hurrying stranger came.— | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| 'I come, my friend, to make thee glad; | 8 | ········ |
| I come from beautiful Bagdad. | 8 | ···/˘˘/˘ |
| In that enchanting place I might | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| Have lived in transport day and night; | 8 | ···˘/··· |
| But I have heard thy tender lays, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Thy sorrows, which the world amaze; | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| And all that now remains for me | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| Is, all life long, to dwell with thee. | 8 | ········ |
| Thy tuneful strains such joy impart, | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| Each word is treasured in my heart: | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| In love, like thee, I weep and sigh— | 8 | ········ |
| Let us together live—together die!' | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Astonished at this strange desire, | 9 | ˘/˘···˘/˘ |
| Laughing, the maniac thus replies: | 9 | /˘·/˘··˘/ |
| 'Sir knight! so soon does pleasure tire? | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| And dost thou worldly pomp despise, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| And all that luxury can give, | 8 | ···/˘˘·· |
| With me in wood and cave to live? | 8 | ········ |
| 'Mistaken youth! what dost thou know | 8 | ˘/˘····· |
| Of broken hearts—of love like mine— | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| That thou shouldst life's sweet joys forego, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| And every cheering hope resign? | 8 | ·/˘/˘·˘/ |
| I have companions, night and day; | 8 | ··˘/˘··· |
| But forest-inmates—beasts of prey; | 8 | ·/˘/···· |
| Yet do I ask no other—none; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| I'd rather live with them alone. | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| What hast thou social seen in me, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| When demons from my presence flee, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| That thou wouldst brave the noontide heat, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The dangers of the midnight air, | 8 | ·/˘··/·· |
| Unsheltered, naked head and feet, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| To herd with one not worth thy care, | 8 | ········ |
| Nor worth a thought? Beneath the scorching sun | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| I thread the wild wood, and, when day is done, | 10 | ·········· |
| Lay myself down upon a beggar's throne— | 10 | ··/····/˘· |
| My canopy, the trees—my pillow, a rude stone. | 11 | ·/˘···/˘··· |
| Houseless and poor, and oft with hunger pressed, | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| How can I take a stranger for my guest? | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Whilst thou, surrounded by thy friends at home, | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Moved by no need, but by a whim to roam, | 10 | ·········· |
| Mayst pass thy hours in cheerfulness and glee, | 10 | ···/·/˘˘·· |
| And never think of such a wretch as me!' | 9 | ·/······· |
| The gallant youth now placed in view | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Various refreshments he had thither brought— | 10 | /˘˘/˘··/˘· |
| Sweet cakes and fruit—and from his pannier drew | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Heart-easing wine, his purpose to promote, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| To win the favour of the moon-struck man; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And thus his brief but earnest speech began: | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| 'Friend, share my meal in kindness, and allow | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| A smile of joy to clear that furrowed brow! | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| In bread is life; it strengthens every part, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And, while it strengthens, cheers the drooping | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| heart.' | 1 | · |
| Majnún rejoined: 'The argument is just; | 9 | ··˘/·/˘·· |
| Without refreshment man descends to dust: | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/·· |
| Nerve, power, and strength from nourishment proceed; | 9 | ·/···/˘˘/ |
| But this is not the nourishment I need.' | 9 | ·····/˘·· |
| 'Yet mortals change, whate'er their aim; | 9 | ·/˘·˘˘/·· |
| Nothing on earth remains the same: | 8 | /˘··˘/·· |
| I know thou canst not be unmoved; | 8 | ······˘/ |
| For ever thus thou canst not be; | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Perpetual change the heavens have proved; | 9 | ˘/˘··/˘·· |
| And night and morn, successively, | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Attest its truth. That thou hast loved | 8 | ˘/······ |
| I know; but thou mayst yet be free: | 8 | ········ |
| The heavens are clothed in deepest gloom; | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| Black is the threatening day of doom; | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The clouds fly off, the storm is past, | 8 | ········ |
| No longer howls the scattering blast; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The heavens resume their wonted sheen, | 9 | ·/˘˘/·/˘· |
| And brighter glows the varied scene: | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| So grief devours the heart a while; | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| So frowns are followed by a smile: | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Like thee was I enchanted, bound, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Girt by love's galling fetters round; | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| But to the winds my grief I flung, | 8 | ········ |
| And to my fate no longer clung. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| This fire of love, which burns so bright, | 8 | ·/······ |
| What is it but a treacherous light? | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The type of youth;—when that is o'er, | 8 | ········ |
| The burning mountain flames no more!' | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| But Majnún spurned the traitor-thought, and said: | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| 'Speak'st thou to me as one to feeling dead? | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| I am myself the king of love; and now | 10 | ···/······ |
| Glory in my dominion: and wouldst thou | 10 | /˘··˘/˘··· |
| Persuade me to abandon all that Heaven | 10 | ˘/··˘/˘··/ |
| Has, 'mid my sufferings, for my solace given, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘/ |
| To quit that cherished hope, than life more dear, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Which rivets me to earth, and keeps me here? | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| That pure ethereal love, that mystic flower, | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘/ |
| Nurtured in Heaven, fit for an angel's dower? | 10 | /˘·/···/˘· |
| What! from my heart expel the dream of love? | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| First from the ocean's bed the sands remove! | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Useless the effort,—useless is thy aim,— | 10 | /˘·/˘/˘··· |
| Thou canst not quench a never-dying flame. | 9 | ·····//˘· |
| Then cease persuasion. Why to me appear | 10 | ··˘/˘···˘/ |
| A master, teaching, like some holy seer? | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| He who aspires to open locks, they say, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| To be successful, first must know the way.' | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| The youth perceived his error, yet remained | 10 | ··˘/·/˘·˘/ |
| In friendly converse a few fleeting days; | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| And, by the oracle of love enchained, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| Listened, enraptured, to his varied lays; | 10 | /˘˘/˘··/˘· |
| Companionship delectable! then rose | 9 | ˘/˘·˘/˘·· |
| To bid adieu, since there he might not stay, | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| And, sorrowing, left the man of many woes, | 9 | ·/˘····/· |
| Surrounded by his vassal-beasts of prey. | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘··· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.