Adventure XXXIII: How the Fight began in Etzel's Hall

Anonymous (about 1200), translated by Arthur S. Way · 1911

rhyming couplets · 274 lines · from The Lay of the Nibelung Men

So then when the aweless Dankwart strode through the feast-halldoor,Shouting to Etzel's servants, "Back! bar my path no more!"Behold, with the blood of slaughter all his apparel dripped,And a sword exceeding mighty unsheathed in his hand he gripped.

(C) In that instant it was, when Dankwart through the portal enteredso,That men were bearing Ortlieb through the feast-hall to and froFrom table unto table to the princes one after one--And now through his evil tidings was the innocent undone!For loud and clear cried Dankwart in the presence of all that throng:"Thou sittest, O brother Hagen, here at thine ease too long!Unto you and to God in Heaven of wrong unto us I complain.Our knights and our squires together in the hostelry lie slain!"Cried Hagen to him in answer: "Now who hath done this thing?""This was the deed of Blödel and of them of his following:But dearly he paid for his treason, unto all men here be it said;For with these mine hands from his shoulders have I hewn thetraitor's head."

"He hath paid for his wrong too lightly," Hagen the dauntless cried,"If men may but say of the traitor as of any knight who hath died,That stilled by the hands of a hero he hath slept the iron sleep;Fair ladies for one so smitten shall have less cause to weep.Make answer to me, dear brother, how art thou thus all red?I trow thou hast been sore wounded, and full evilly hast sped.If the villain be here in presence who did this deed contrive,Except the Foul Fiend help him, he goeth not hence alive!""Nay, before you I stand unwounded; my raiment is wet with blood;But it gushed from the deadly gashes of other war-thanes goodWhereof this day so many beneath my sword-edge fell--If I must make oath of their number, good sooth, I could not tell."

"Brother Dankwart," he cried, "our warder of yon door do thou be,And let no man of the Hunfolk win forth of the hall by thee.Now with these knights will I reason, as our wrong constraineth us.Dead lie our fellows guiltless: it is they have entreated them thus!""Must I," said the valiant hero, "be the chamber-sentinel?In presence of kings so mighty the office liketh me well.Dear as I cherish mine honour, I will faithfully guard yon stair."At his word on the knights of Kriemhild fell the shadow of despair.

"Now exceeding sorely I marvel," rang Hagen's bitter jeer,"What secret the Hunfolk whisper each in his fellow's ear.I ween they would gladly spare him who watcheth yonder the door,Who unto the men Burgundian such royal tidings bore!Long time since, I bethink me, have I heard Queen Kriemhild sayThat she would not endure her anguish of heart unavenged for aye.A loving-cup to her vengeance! In Etzel's wine be it poured!And the first to spill the death-drink be the hope of the Hunfolk'sLord!"Then he lashed at the young child Ortlieb, Hagen the terrible thane,That down o'er his hand from the sword-blade did the blood of theinnocent rain,And into the lap of his mother hurled was the head from the stroke.Then mid the knights a murder grim and great awoke.For next on the young child's guardian, which tended him truly andwell,A mighty stroke two-handed swift as the lightning fell,That afront of the foot of the table his head on the floor was cast.A woeful guerdon he gave him for all his travail past!

He marked where at Etzel's table was seated a minstrel-man:Swiftly upon him Hagen in madness of fury ran;He smote him where on his viol rested the bard's right hand--"That have thou for the message thou broughtest to Burgundy-land!""Woe for mine hand!" cried Werbel the harper of Etzel the King."Wherein, Lord Hagen of Troneg, have I wronged thee in anything?I came to the land of thy masters in faith and in loyalty.How shall I waken my music who am maimed of mine hand by thee?"Little enow recked Hagen, though never he harped again!Then up and down the feast-hall he raged, till his hands had slainFull many a knight of Etzel, to sate his murder-lust:Many an earl in the palace through the gates of death he thrust.

Volker the battle-eager from his place at the table sprang;His viol-bow now was his war-glaive, and loud in the hands it rangOf that viol-minstrel of Gunther: a music of death did he wake:Many a foe mid the Hunfolk for kinsmen slain did he make.Leapt up withal from the table the noble Princes three:They would fain have parted the fighters, ere wilder the work shouldbe,But all in vain was their prudence, and nothing availed their might;For those twain, Volker and Hagen, were mad with the fury of fight.

Now ware was the Lord of Rhineland that he could not still the fray:Then himself unsheathed his war-glaive, and fell on the foes' array,And he cleft their shining hauberks, and dealt wounds deep and wide.What man of his hands was the hero that havoc testified.Then also Gernot the stalwart plunged mid the surges of strife:Out of many a valiant champion of the Huns he smote the life.With the keen-edged brand of battle, the gift that Rüdiger gave,For many a knight of Etzel did he open the gates of the grave.Then the youngest son of Uta hurled into the tempest-roar:His battle-brand victorious through many a morion shoreOf the warriors of King Etzel, the pride of the Hunfolk's land.Ay, marvels of hero-prowess were wrought by Giselher's hand.But, how brave were the rest soever, the kings and theirvassal-train,Yet no man like unto Volker might ye see, as he battled amainFacing the starkest foemen--ha, 'twas a warrior good!Many a champion before him fell wounded to death in his blood.

Of a truth the liegemen of Etzel made stout defence that day:But the guests--ye might see them hewing forth and back their wayThrough the length and breadth of the feast-hall of the King with thelightening brand,While scream and groan of the stricken went up on every hand.Then they without right gladly would have holpen their friendswithin:But when they would force that doorway, small honour could they win.And they in the hall full gladly would have gotten to outer air,But past that door-ward Dankwart might none set foot on the stair.

So gathered before that portal throngs upon throngs of foes,And loud were the helmets ringing as the swords dealt crashing blows.Then hardly bestead was the warder, Dankwart the unafraid;But his brother marked his peril, as love and loyalty bade.With a mighty voice unto Volker straightway did Hagen shout:"Seest thou yonder, my comrade, how beset by a Hunnish routAlone my brother standeth, while down on him stark blows rain?O friend, do thou help my brother, ere sped be the valiant thane."Made answer the viol-minstrel: "Yea verily will I so."Through the hall he strode to the music of that strange viol-bow,That sword of the ice-brook's temper, that rang in his graspevermore;And the Rhineland knights as they heard it gave hearty thankstherefor.Then unto Dankwart Volker the aweless hero said:"This day hast thou sorely travailed, and now art thou hardlybestead:Wherefore to me for thine helping did Hagen thy brother appeal.Them from without withstand thou, and with these from within will Ideal."

Now without is the door well warded, for Dankwart the keen standsthere.Whosoever would win the threshold back hurled he down the stair.To the ringing music of sword-blades in many a hero's handWithin was the door well warded by Volker of Burgundy-land.Then over the tossing tumult a cry did the minstrel send:"Safe warded is the mansion, thou seest, Hagen my friendThe door of Etzel's palace is locked and bolted amainFast as with bars a thousand, by the hands of heroes twain!"So then when Hagen of Troneg saw that the door was fast,That battle-eager hero his shield behind him cast;Then, then in grimmest earnest he began to avenge the wrong.Then faint grew the hearts of the valiant, and palsied the might ofthe strong.

When the Prince of Bern, Lord Dietrich, saw the marvels that hewrought,Saw Hagen the valiant cleaving the morions as he fought,Then sprang the chief of the Amals on a bench amidst of the hall,And he cried: "Here Hagen poureth a death-draught bitter as gall!"Well might the Lord of the Hunfolk be stricken with sore affright.--What hosts of his friends were falling down gulfs of death in hissight!--Death's wings overgloomed him, for round him was closing the foes'stern ring.In anguish he sat--what profit was it now unto him to be King?Then cried in her fear unto Dietrich Kriemhild, a great king's wife:"Help me, O noble hero, O help me hence with life!By the chivalrous honour I pray thee of the princes of Amelung-land!For if yon Hagen reach me, death is at my right hand.""How may I avail to help thee," Dietrich the princely said,"O noble Daughter of Princes? For myself do I stand in dread,So fiercely the wrath is kindled of yon King Gunther's array,That for no man's life can I answer in this season of dismay.""Now nay, Lord Dietrich, noblest of all knights," cried the Queen;"Let the chivalry of thy spirit in this dark hour be seen.Forth of this place do thou help me or ever I lie here dead!"Of a surety the spirit of Kriemhild was anguished with mortal dread."Nay then, if perchance it avail you, your help will I essay,Albeit have I seen never through many a perilous dayAflame with such bitter fury such hosts of warriors good.I see from the helmets spurting 'neath sword-strokes ever the blood!"

Then did that peerless warrior uplift a shattering shout:Like the horn of a wild bull blaring his mighty voice rang out,That through all the wide-built fortress its thunder-echoes rolled;So great was the strength of Dietrich, its measure may not be told.Then heard that shout King Gunther, and he hearkened thereuntoAs it pealed o'er the battle-tempest, and the voice of the hero heknew;And he cried: "The voice of Dietrich!--it fell on mine ear but now.Our knights in the battle have smitten a friend of his, I trow.There on the table I see him: he beckoneth with his hand.Ho ye, my friends and kinsmen, knights of Burgundia-land,From the strife for a little refrain you, that so we may hear and seeWhat hurt hath been done unto Dietrich by them of my company."

So the knights at the prayer of Gunther, at the warrior king'sbehest,Let sink their swords, and the fury of fight for a space had rest.By that sudden peace did Gunther his power unto all men show:Then straightway he asked of Dietrich wherefore he cried to him so.He said: "O noble Dietrich, now who hath lifted a handOf any my friends against thee? Willing and ready I standTo make unto thee atonement, and thy claim to satisfy.If any had done thee a mischief, grieved to the heart were I."Made answer the noble Dietrich: "No wrong hath been wrought unto me.But let me in peace and safety forth of the hall go free,And take with me all my people out of the bitter strife;So will I to thee of a surety be beholden all my life.""Wherefore so soon," cried Wolfhart, "a grace of him dost implore?Yon viol-minstrel hath barred not, I wot, so fast the door,But that wide ourselves can set it, till we all therethrough havewon.""Thou, hold thy peace!" said Dietrich, "no smallest deed hast thoudone."

Spake unto him King Gunther: "This I accord unto you.Lead all forth of the palace, many be they or few,So they be not my foemen: of these forth goeth none,For of these foul wrong hath been done me here in the land of theHun."When Dietrich the noble heard it, around the high-born QueenCast he an arm of protection--her fear was deadly-keen!--And forth of the hall King Etzel he drew with the other hand;And after Dietrich followed six hundred knights of his band.

Then unto Gunther the Margrave, the noble Rüdiger, cried:"If thou meanest that forth of the palace any shall win besideOf such as be fain to serve thee, of this thing do me to wit;So shall our bond of friendship and peace be abidingly knit."Then to his fair bride's father Giselher straightway spake:"Let peace and love between us be a bond that none shall break.The troth-plight of friendship ever do thou and thine maintain.Go fearless forth of the palace, thou and thy vassal-train."When Rüdiger, Lord of the Marches, passed free through the guardeddoor,There went with him five hundred--yea, peradventure more--Friends of the Lord of Bechlaren and his trusty vassal-throng:But of that fair faith unto Gunther great scathe befell ere long.

Now it happed that a knight of the Hunfolk beheld King Etzel goSafe under Dietrich's shielding, and would fain 'scape even so;But with a stroke so deadly the viol-minstrel sweptThe head from the skulker's shoulders, that to Etzel's feet it leapt.So when the Lord of Hunland came forth from the battle-wrack,He turned him about, and at Volker he looked in amazement back--"Woe's me for the guests I have harboured! O day of sorrow and baneWherein beneath their prowess all these my knights fall slain!Woe's me for my festal high-tide!" that king of nations said:"Within there fighteth a warrior, Volker, a name of dread.Like some wild boar he rageth--and a minstrel him they name!Thank Heaven that safe from the talons of this foul fiend I came!Doom rings and sings in his measures, red are the strokes of his bow;In his notes I hear the death-knell of many a knight laid low.What hath the viol-minstrel against us know I not.Never by guest such sorrow upon mine house was brought!"

(C) Straight to their harbourage went they, those noble warriorstwain,Rüdiger, Lord of the Marches, and Dietrich, Bern's great thane.Themselves were steadfast-minded aloof from the quarrel to stay,And they straitly commanded their vassals to have nought to do withthe fray.(C) Yet had those guests had foreknowledge of the mischief hard bythe door,To be wrought by those two heroes, which for them fate had in store,Verily not so lightly had they won that hall-way throughEre those grim portal-keepers with the sword had smitten them too.

All whom they would had they suffered by this to pass from within;Then again brake forth in the feast-hall a yet more fearful din.Grimly the guests avenged them for the broken troth and the wrong.Ha, how were the helmets cloven by the arm of Volker the strong!To the clash of that deadly music King Gunther turned him about--"Hearst thou the tunes, O Hagen, that Volker beateth outOn the heads of the Huns, whosoever essay the door that he keeps?Red are the strings of the viol whereover his swift bow leaps!""Sore is mine heart above measure for this thing," Hagen replied,"That in this hall-feast I am sundered afar from the good thane'ssideEver was I his comrade, and he true comrade to me.We will dwell, if we win home ever, in love and loyalty.Behold, Lord King, is Volker to thee not faithful-souled?Nobly he earneth guerdon of thy silver and thy gold!His viol-bow goeth cleaving the adamant steel in twain,And the gemmed helm-crests are shattered and scattered in flashingrain.Never beheld I minstrel stand such a lord of the frayAs Volker the thane hath proved him on this his glory-day.Hark, how through helm and shield-plate his measures clash and gride!He shall yet wear kingly raiment, and goodly steeds bestride."

So fought they on, till of Hunfolk that in that hall had beenThrough all its mist of slaughter no living man was seen.There was none to fight, and the uproar was hushed, the tumult died.From their hands the aweless heroes laid now their swords aside.

Words in this poem 74
undone a.
Not done or performed; neglected. [Pref. un- not + done.]
hostelry n.
An inn; a lodging house. [OE. hostelrie, hostelrye, ostelrie, OF. hostelerie, fr. hostel. See Hostel.]
dauntless a.
Incapable of being daunted; undaunted; bold; fearless; intrepid.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
trow v. i.
To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [OE. trowen, AS.treówan to trust, believe, fr. treów trust, treówe true, faithful. See True.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
evilly adv.
In an evil manner; not well; ill.
whereof adv.
Of which; of whom; formerly, also, with which; -- used relatively.
sooth a.
True; faithful; trustworthy. [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root]
warder n.
One who wards or keeps; a keeper; a guard.
guiltless a.
Free from guilt; innocent.
valiant a.
Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer. [OE. valiant, F. vaillant, OF. vaillant, valant, originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield, and cf. Avail, Convalesce, ]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
sorely adv.
In a sore manner; grievously; painfully; as, to be sorely afflicted.
ween v. i.
To think; to imagine; to fancy. [OE. wenen, AS. w, fr. w hope, expectation, opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w, OS. & OHG. wan, G. wahn delusion, Icel. van hope, expectation, Goth. w, and D. w]
gladly adv.
Preferably; by choice. [From Glad, a.]
yonder adv.
At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
spill n.
A bit of wood split off; a splinter. [sq. root170. Cf. Spell a splinter.]
afront adv.
In front; face to face. [Pref. a- + front.]
guerdon n.
A reward; requital; recompense; -- used in both a good and a bad sense. [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + lon reward, G. lo]
burgundy n.
An old province of France (in the eastern central part).
harper n.
A player on the harp; a minstrel. [AS. hearpere.]
waken v. i.
To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened. [OE. waknen, AS. wæcnan; akin to Goth. gawaknan. See Wake, v. i.]
enow
A form of Enough.
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
glaive n.
A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light lance with a long sharp-pointed head. Wilhelm. [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E. claymore. Cf. Gladiator.]
withal adv.
With this; with that. [With + all.]
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
havoc n.
Wide and general destruction; devastation; waste. [W. hafog devastation, havoc; or, if this be itself fr. E. havoc, cf. OE. havot, or AS. hafoc hawk, which is a cruel or rapacious bird, or F. hai, voux! a cry to]
stalwart a.
Brave; bold; strong; redoubted; daring; vehement; violent. [OE. stalworth, AS. stælwyrth serviceable, probably originally, good at stealing, or worth stealing or taking, and afterwards extended to other causes of estimat]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
morion n.
A kind of open helmet, without visor or beaver, and somewhat resembling a hat. [F. morion, Sp. morrion; cf. Sp. morra the upper part of the head, morro anything that is round.]
prowess n.
Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney. [OF. proece, proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.]
amain adv.
With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
defence n.
The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection, as from violence or danger. [F. défense, OF. defense, fem., defens, masc., fr. L. defensa (cf. Fence.]
stricken p. p.
Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
doorway n.
The passage of a door; entrance way into a house or a room.
crashing n.
The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
bestead v. t.
To put in a certain situation or condition; to circumstance; to place. [Only in p. p.] [Pref. be- + stead a place.]
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
straightway adv.
Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.
stark adv.
Wholly; entirely; absolutely; quite; as, stark mind.
evermore adv.
During eternity; always; forever; for an indefinite period; at all times; -- often used substantively with for.
therefor adv.
For that, or this; for it. [There + for. Cf. Therefore.]
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
mansion n.
A dwelling place, -- whether a part or whole of a house or other shelter. [OF. mansion, F. maison, fr. L. mansio a staying, remaining, a dwelling, habitation, fr. manere, mansum, to stay, dwell; akin to Gr. Manse, Manor, Menagerie, Men]
palsied a.
Affected with palsy; paralyzed.
amidst prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
albeit conj.
Even though; although; notwithstanding. [OE. al be although it be, where al is our all. Cf. Although.]
aflame adv.
Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze. G. Eliot. [Pref. a- + flame.]
uplift v. t.
To lift or raise aloft; to raise; to elevate; as, to uplift the arm; to uplift a rock.
thereunto adv.
Unto that or this; thereto; besides.
behest v. t.
To vow. Paston.
beholden p. a.
Obliged; bound in gratitude; indebted. [Old p. p. of behold, used in the primitive sense of the simple verb hold.]
margrave n.
Originally, a lord or keeper of the borders or marches in Germany. [G. markgraf, prop., lord chief justice of the march; mark bound, border, march + graf earl, count, lord chief justice; cf. Goth. gagrëfts decree: cf. D. markgra]
abidingly adv.
Permanently. Carlyle.
troth n.
Belief; faith; fidelity. [A variant of truth. See Truth.]
plight v. t.
To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait. [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL. plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.]
scathe v. t.
To do harm to; to injure; to damage; to waste; to destroy. [Icel. skatha; akin to AS. sceathan, sceth\'eban, Dan. skade, Sw. skada, D. & G. schaden, OHG. scadon, Goth. skaÞjan.]
happed p. a.
Wrapped; covered; cloaked. [From 1st Hap.]
amazement n.
The condition of being amazed; bewilderment ; overwhelming wonder, as from surprise, sudden fear, horror, or admiration.
bane v. t.
To be the bane of; to ruin. Fuller.
festal a.
Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous; festive. [L. festum holiday, feast. See feast.]
thank n.
A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. [AS. Þanc, Þonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. Þ\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. Þagks thanks; -]
straitly adv.
In a strait manner; narrowly; strictly; rigorously. Mark i. 43.
grimly a.
Grim; hideous; stern.
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
nobly adv.
Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.
gride v. i.
To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as, the griding sword. [For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and cf. Grid to strike, sneer.]
goodly a.
Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
bestride v. t.
To stand or sit with anything between the legs, or with the legs astride; to stand over That horse that thou so often hast bestrid. [AS. bestridan; pref. be- + stridan to stride.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Adventure XXXIII: How the Fight began in Etzel's Hall is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Lay of the Nibelung Men, Project Gutenberg ebook #59831, the Arthur S. Way translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Adventure XXXIII: How the Fight began in Etzel's Hall, in The Lay of the Nibelung Men (1911), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #59831, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nibelungenlied/adventure-xxxiii-how-the-fight-began-in-etzel-s-hall.html, id L14314.

Form and metre

Adventure XXXIII: How the Fight began in Etzel's Hall is 274 lines in 20 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 64% of the lines. 80% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 13.4 syllables. 10 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 20% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in rhyming couplets.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -AABB hall · doorA · moreA · drippedB · grippedB
  2. 2 -AABBCCDD-CE-E entered · soA · froA · oneB · undoneB · throngC · longC · complainD · slainD · thing · followingC · saidE · the · headE
  3. 3 AABBCCDDEEFF criedA · diedA · sleepB · weepB · redC · spedC · contriveD · aliveD · bloodE · goodE · fellF · tellF
  4. 4 AABBCCDD beA · theeA · usB · thusB · sentinelC · wellC · stairD · despairD
  5. 5 AABB--C-CD-DEE-FFGG jeerA · earA · doorB · boreB · say · aye · pouredC · hunfolk's · lordC · thaneD · the · rainD · strokeE · awokeE · and · wellF · fellF · castG · pastG
  6. 6 AABBCC--DDEE manA · ranA · handB · landB · kingC · anythingC · loyalty · thee · againD · slainD · lustE · thrustE
  7. 7 AABBC-CDD sprangA · rangA · wakeB · makeB · threeC · should · beC · mightD · fightD
  8. 8 AABBCCDDEEFF-GGHH frayA · arrayA · wideB · testifiedB · strifeC · lifeC · gaveD · graveD · roarE · shoreE · landF · handF · their · trainG · amainG · goodH · bloodH
  9. 9 AA-BB-CCDD dayA · wayA · the · brandB · handB · friends · withinC · winC · airD · stairD
  10. 10 AABBCCDDEE-F-FG-GH-H foesA · blowsA · unafraidB · badeB · shoutC · routC · rainD · thaneD · soE · bowE · grasp · evermoreF · thanks · thereforF · saidG · hardly · besteadG · appealH · i · dealH
  11. 11 -AABBCCDDEEF-F stands · thereA · stairA · handB · landB · sendC · friendC · amainD · twainD · fastE · castE · wrongF · of · strongF
  12. 12 -AABBC-C-DDEEFFGGHHIIGGHHJJ he · wroughtA · foughtA · hallB · gallB · affrightC · his · sightC · foes · ringD · kingD · wifeE · lifeE · landF · handF · saidG · dreadG · arrayH · dismayH · queenI · seenI · deadG · dreadG · essayH · dayH · goodJ · bloodJ
  13. 13 AABBCD--CEED- shoutA · outA · rolledB · toldB · thereuntoC · heD · knew · now · trowC · handE · landE · seeD · company
  14. 14 -AABBCCDDEEFFGG-H-H king's · behestA · restA · showB · soB · handC · standC · satisfyD · iD · meE · freeE · strifeF · lifeF · imploreG · doorG · have · wonH · thou · doneH
  15. 15 AAB-BCCDD youA · fewA · noneB · the · hunB · queenC · keenC · handD · bandD
  16. 16 AABBCCDD-EEFF criedA · besideA · witB · knitB · spakeC · breakC · maintainD · trainD · guarded · doorE · moreE · throngF · longF
  17. 17 AABBCCDDEEFFAA-- goA · soA · sweptB · leaptB · wrackC · backC · baneD · slainD · saidE · dreadE · nameF · cameF · bowA · lowA · not · brought
  18. 18 -AAB-B-CCDD warriors · twainA · thaneA · stayB · with · frayB · by · doorC · storeC · throughD · tooD
  19. 19 AABBCCDDE-E--FFG-GHHEE withinA · dinA · wrongB · strongB · aboutC · outC · keepsD · leapsD · repliedE · thane's · sideE · me · loyalty · souledF · goldF · twainG · flashing · rainG · frayH · dayH · grideE · bestrideE
  20. 20 --AA been · seen · diedA · asideA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
So then when the aweless Dankwart strode through the feast-hall13····/˘·······
door,1·
Shouting to Etzel's servants, "Back! bar my path no more!"13/˘·/˘/˘······
Behold, with the blood of slaughter all his apparel dripped,14˘/····/˘··˘/˘·
And a sword exceeding mighty unsheathed in his hand he gripped.15···˘/˘/˘·······
(C) In that instant it was, when Dankwart through the portal entered16···/˘·······/˘/˘
so,1·
That men were bearing Ortlieb through the feast-hall to and fro14···/˘/········
From table unto table to the princes one after one--15·/˘··/˘··/˘····
And now through his evil tidings was the innocent undone!15····/˘/˘··/˘˘˘/
For loud and clear cried Dankwart in the presence of all that throng:15·········/˘····
"Thou sittest, O brother Hagen, here at thine ease too long!14·/˘·/˘/˘······
Unto you and to God in Heaven of wrong unto us I complain.17·······/˘······˘/
Our knights and our squires together in the hostelry lie slain!"18/˘··/˘/˘˘/˘··/˘˘··
Cried Hagen to him in answer: "Now who hath done this thing?"14·/˘···/˘······
"This was the deed of Blödel and of them of his following:15············/˘˘
But dearly he paid for his treason, unto all men here be it said;17·/˘····/˘········
For with these mine hands from his shoulders have I hewn the13·······/˘····
traitor's head."3/˘·
"He hath paid for his wrong too lightly," Hagen the dauntless cried,15·······/˘/˘·/˘·
"If men may but say of the traitor as of any knight who hath died,17·······/˘··/˘····
That stilled by the hands of a hero he hath slept the iron sleep;16·······/˘····/˘·
Fair ladies for one so smitten shall have less cause to weep.14·/˘···/˘······
Make answer to me, dear brother, how art thou thus all red?14·/˘···/˘······
I trow thou hast been sore wounded, and full evilly hast sped.15······/˘··/˘˘··
If the villain be here in presence who did this deed contrive,15··/˘···/˘····˘/
Except the Foul Fiend help him, he goeth not hence alive!"13···········˘/
"Nay, before you I stand unwounded; my raiment is wet with blood;16······˘/˘·/˘····
But it gushed from the deadly gashes of other war-thanes good15·····/˘/˘·/˘···
Whereof this day so many beneath my sword-edge fell--13·····/˘······
If I must make oath of their number, good sooth, I could not tell."15·······/˘······
"Brother Dankwart," he cried, "our warder of yon door do thou be,16/˘····/˘/˘······
And let no man of the Hunfolk win forth of the hall by thee.15···············
Now with these knights will I reason, as our wrong constraineth us.16······/˘·/˘·˘/˘·
Dead lie our fellows guiltless: it is they have entreated them thus!"17··/˘/˘/˘·········
"Must I," said the valiant hero, "be the chamber-sentinel?15····/˘/˘··/˘/˘˘
In presence of kings so mighty the office liketh me well.15·/˘···/˘·/˘····
Dear as I cherish mine honour, I will faithfully guard yon stair."16···/˘·/˘··/˘˘···
At his word on the knights of Kriemhild fell the shadow of despair.16···········/··˘/
"Now exceeding sorely I marvel," rang Hagen's bitter jeer,15·˘/˘/˘·/˘·/˘/˘·
"What secret the Hunfolk whisper each in his fellow's ear.14·/˘···/˘···/˘·
I ween they would gladly spare him who watcheth yonder the door,15····/˘···/˘/˘··
Who unto the men Burgundian such royal tidings bore!15·····˘/˘˘·/˘/˘·
Long time since, I bethink me, have I heard Queen Kriemhild say14····˘/········
That she would not endure her anguish of heart unavenged for aye.16····˘/·/˘·······
A loving-cup to her vengeance! In Etzel's wine be it poured!15·/˘···/˘·/˘····
And the first to spill the death-drink be the hope of the Hunfolk's15···············
Lord!"1·
Then he lashed at the young child Ortlieb, Hagen the terrible thane,16·······/·/˘·/˘˘·
That down o'er his hand from the sword-blade did the blood of the14··············
innocent rain,4/˘˘·
And into the lap of his mother hurled was the head from the stroke.16·······/˘·······
Then mid the knights a murder grim and great awoke.12·····/˘···˘/
For next on the young child's guardian, which tended him truly and16······/˘˘·/˘·/˘·
well,1·
A mighty stroke two-handed swift as the lightning fell,13·/˘··/˘···/˘·
That afront of the foot of the table his head on the floor was cast.17·˘/·····/˘·······
A woeful guerdon he gave him for all his travail past!14·/˘/˘······˘/·
He marked where at Etzel's table was seated a minstrel-man:15····/˘/˘·/˘·/˘·
Swiftly upon him Hagen in madness of fury ran;14/˘···/˘·/˘·/˘·
He smote him where on his viol rested the bard's right hand--14······/˘/˘····
"That have thou for the message thou broughtest to Burgundy-land!"15·····/˘·/˘·/˘˘·
"Woe for mine hand!" cried Werbel the harper of Etzel the King.15········/˘·/˘··
"Wherein, Lord Hagen of Troneg, have I wronged thee in anything?16···/˘········/˘·
I came to the land of thy masters in faith and in loyalty.16·······/˘····/˘˘
How shall I waken my music who am maimed of mine hand by thee?"16···/˘·/˘········
Little enow recked Hagen, though never he harped again!14/˘˘/·/˘·/˘··˘/
Then up and down the feast-hall he raged, till his hands had slain14··············
Full many a knight of Etzel, to sate his murder-lust:14·/˘···/˘···/˘·
Many an earl in the palace through the gates of death he thrust.15/˘····/˘·······
Volker the battle-eager from his place at the table sprang;15/˘·/˘/˘·····/˘·
His viol-bow now was his war-glaive, and loud in the hands it rang16·/˘·············
Of that viol-minstrel of Gunther: a music of death did he wake:17··/˘/˘·/˘·/˘·····
Many a foe mid the Hunfolk for kinsmen slain did he make.15/˘·············
Leapt up withal from the table the noble Princes three:14··˘/··/˘·/˘/˘·
They would fain have parted the fighters, ere wilder the work should15····/˘·/˘·/˘···
be,1·
But all in vain was their prudence, and nothing availed their might;15······/˘·/˘˘/··
For those twain, Volker and Hagen, were mad with the fury of fight.16···/˘·/˘····/˘··
Now ware was the Lord of Rhineland that he could not still the fray:15······/········
Then himself unsheathed his war-glaive, and fell on the foes' array,15·˘/··········˘/
And he cleft their shining hauberks, and dealt wounds deep and wide.14····/˘········
What man of his hands was the hero that havoc testified.15·······/˘·/˘/˘·
Then also Gernot the stalwart plunged mid the surges of strife:15·/˘···/˘···/˘··
Out of many a valiant champion of the Huns he smote the life.17··/˘·/˘/˘˘·······
With the keen-edged brand of battle, the gift that Rüdiger gave,15······/˘·······
For many a knight of Etzel did he open the gates of the grave.17·/˘···/˘··/˘·····
Then the youngest son of Uta hurled into the tempest-roar:15··/˘········/˘·
His battle-brand victorious through many a morion shore16·/˘·˘/˘˘·/˘·/˘˘·
Of the warriors of King Etzel, the pride of the Hunfolk's land.16··/˘˘··/˘·······
Ay, marvels of hero-prowess were wrought by Giselher's hand.15·/˘·/˘/˘·······
But, how brave were the rest soever, the kings and their13······˘/˘····
vassal-train,3/˘·
Yet no man like unto Volker might ye see, as he battled amain17······/˘·····/˘˘/
Facing the starkest foemen--ha, 'twas a warrior good!14/˘·/˘·····/˘˘·
Many a champion before him fell wounded to death in his blood.17/˘·/˘˘····/˘·····
Of a truth the liegemen of Etzel made stout defence that day:16········/˘··˘/··
But the guests--ye might see them hewing forth and back their way14·······/˘·····
Through the length and breadth of the feast-hall of the King with the14··············
lightening brand,4/˘˘·
While scream and groan of the stricken went up on every hand.15······/˘···/˘˘·
Then they without right gladly would have holpen their friends13·····/˘······
within:2··
But when they would force that doorway, small honour could they win.14······/··/˘···
And they in the hall full gladly would have gotten to outer air,16······/˘··/˘·/˘·
But past that door-ward Dankwart might none set foot on the stair.14··············
So gathered before that portal throngs upon throngs of foes,14·/˘···/˘······
And loud were the helmets ringing as the swords dealt crashing blows.15····/˘/˘····/˘·
Then hardly bestead was the warder, Dankwart the unafraid;15·/˘˘/··/˘····˘/
But his brother marked his peril, as love and loyalty bade.15··/˘··/˘···/˘˘·
With a mighty voice unto Volker straightway did Hagen shout:15··/˘···/˘/˘·/˘·
"Seest thou yonder, my comrade, how beset by a Hunnish rout15··/˘·/··˘/·····
Alone my brother standeth, while down on him stark blows rain?14˘/·/˘/˘·······
O friend, do thou help my brother, ere sped be the valiant thane."15······/˘····/˘·
Made answer the viol-minstrel: "Yea verily will I so."15·/˘·/˘/˘·/˘˘···
Through the hall he strode to the music of that strange viol-bow,15·······/˘···/˘·
That sword of the ice-brook's temper, that rang in his grasp13······/˘·····
evermore;3/˘·
And the Rhineland knights as they heard it gave hearty thanks13··/·······/˘·
therefor.2˘/
Then unto Dankwart Volker the aweless hero said:13·····/˘·/˘/˘·
"This day hast thou sorely travailed, and now art thou hardly14····/˘˘/····/˘
bestead:2˘/
Wherefore to me for thine helping did Hagen thy brother appeal.16/˘····/˘·/˘·/˘˘/
Them from without withstand thou, and with these from within will I15····˘/·········
deal."1·
Now without is the door well warded, for Dankwart the keen stands15·······/˘······
there.1·
Whosoever would win the threshold back hurled he down the stair.15·˘/˘···/·······
To the ringing music of sword-blades in many a hero's hand16··/˘/˘····/˘·/˘·
Within was the door well warded by Volker of Burgundy-land.16······/˘·/˘·/˘˘·
Then over the tossing tumult a cry did the minstrel send:15····/˘/˘····/˘·
"Safe warded is the mansion, thou seest, Hagen my friend13·/˘··/˘··/˘··
The door of Etzel's palace is locked and bolted amain14···/˘/˘···/˘˘/
Fast as with bars a thousand, by the hands of heroes twain!"14·····/˘····/˘·
So then when Hagen of Troneg saw that the door was fast,14···/˘·········
That battle-eager hero his shield behind him cast;13·/˘/˘/˘······
Then, then in grimmest earnest he began to avenge the wrong.15···/˘/˘·˘/·˘/··
Then faint grew the hearts of the valiant, and palsied the might of15·······/˘·/˘···
the strong.2··
When the Prince of Bern, Lord Dietrich, saw the marvels that he14······/˘··/˘··
wrought,1·
Saw Hagen the valiant cleaving the morions as he fought,14·/˘·/˘/˘······
Then sprang the chief of the Amals on a bench amidst of the hall,16······˘/···˘/···
And he cried: "Here Hagen poureth a death-draught bitter as gall!"15····/˘/˘···/˘··
Well might the Lord of the Hunfolk be stricken with sore affright.15·········/˘··˘/
--What hosts of his friends were falling down gulfs of death in his14······/˘······
sight!--1·
Death's wings overgloomed him, for round him was closing the foes'14··········/˘··
stern ring.2··
In anguish he sat--what profit was it now unto him to be King?17·/˘···/˘·········
Then cried in her fear unto Dietrich Kriemhild, a great king's wife:15·······/˘······
"Help me, O noble hero, O help me hence with life!13···/˘/˘······
By the chivalrous honour I pray thee of the princes of Amelung-land!19··/˘˘/˘·····/˘·····
For if yon Hagen reach me, death is at my right hand."13···/˘········
"How may I avail to help thee," Dietrich the princely said,14···˘/···/˘·/˘·
"O noble Daughter of Princes? For myself do I stand in dread,16·/˘/˘·/˘··/·····
So fiercely the wrath is kindled of yon King Gunther's array,15·/˘···/˘···/˘˘/
That for no man's life can I answer in this season of dismay."16·······/˘··/˘·˘/
"Now nay, Lord Dietrich, noblest of all knights," cried the Queen;13···/˘/˘······
"Let the chivalry of thy spirit in this dark hour be seen.16··/˘˘··/˘···/˘··
Forth of this place do thou help me or ever I lie here dead!"15·········/˘····
Of a surety the spirit of Kriemhild was anguished with mortal dread.18··/˘˘·/˘····/˘·/˘·
"Nay then, if perchance it avail you, your help will I essay,15···˘/·˘/·····˘/
Albeit have I seen never through many a perilous day16˘/˘···/˘·/˘·/˘˘·
Aflame with such bitter fury such hosts of warriors good.15˘/··/˘/˘···/˘˘·
I see from the helmets spurting 'neath sword-strokes ever the blood!"15····/˘/˘···/˘··
Then did that peerless warrior uplift a shattering shout:15···/˘/˘˘/˘·/˘˘·
Like the horn of a wild bull blaring his mighty voice rang out,15·······/˘·/˘···
That through all the wide-built fortress its thunder-echoes rolled;14······/˘·/˘/˘·
So great was the strength of Dietrich, its measure may not be told.15······/˘·/˘····
Then heard that shout King Gunther, and he hearkened thereunto14·····/˘·······
As it pealed o'er the battle-tempest, and the voice of the hero he17·····/˘/˘·····/˘·
knew;1·
And he cried: "The voice of Dietrich!--it fell on mine ear but now.15······/˘·······
Our knights in the battle have smitten a friend of his, I trow.16/˘···/˘·/˘······
There on the table I see him: he beckoneth with his hand.15···/˘····/˘˘···
Ho ye, my friends and kinsmen, knights of Burgundia-land,13·············
From the strife for a little refrain you, that so we may hear and see17·····/˘˘/········
What hurt hath been done unto Dietrich by them of my company."16·······/˘····/˘˘
So the knights at the prayer of Gunther, at the warrior king's15·······/˘··/˘˘·
behest,2˘/
Let sink their swords, and the fury of fight for a space had rest.15······/˘·······
By that sudden peace did Gunther his power unto all men show:16··/˘··/˘·/˘·····
Then straightway he asked of Dietrich wherefore he cried to him so.15·/˘···/˘/˘·····
He said: "O noble Dietrich, now who hath lifted a hand14···/˘/˘···/˘··
Of any my friends against thee? Willing and ready I stand15·/˘·····/˘·/˘··
To make unto thee atonement, and thy claim to satisfy.15·····˘/˘····/˘·
If any had done thee a mischief, grieved to the heart were I."15·/˘····/˘······
Made answer the noble Dietrich: "No wrong hath been wrought unto me.16·/˘·/˘/˘········
But let me in peace and safety forth of the hall go free,14······/˘······
And take with me all my people out of the bitter strife;14······/˘···/˘·
So will I to thee of a surety be beholden all my life."17·······/˘˘·˘/˘···
"Wherefore so soon," cried Wolfhart, "a grace of him dost implore?14/˘··········˘/
Yon viol-minstrel hath barred not, I wot, so fast the door,14·/˘/˘·········
But that wide ourselves can set it, till we all therethrough have16···˘˘/··········
won."1·
"Thou, hold thy peace!" said Dietrich, "no smallest deed hast thou13·····/˘·/˘···
done."1·
Spake unto him King Gunther: "This I accord unto you.14·····/˘··˘/···
Lead all forth of the palace, many be they or few,13·····/˘/˘····
So they be not my foemen: of these forth goeth none,12············
For of these foul wrong hath been done me here in the land of the15···············
Hun."1·
When Dietrich the noble heard it, around the high-born Queen14·/˘·/˘········
Cast he an arm of protection--her fear was deadly-keen!--14·····˘/˘···/˘·
And forth of the hall King Etzel he drew with the other hand;15······/˘····/˘·
And after Dietrich followed six hundred knights of his band.14···/˘/˘·/˘····
Then unto Gunther the Margrave, the noble Rüdiger, cried:15···/˘·/··/˘····
"If thou meanest that forth of the palace any shall win beside16··/˘····/˘/˘··˘/
Of such as be fain to serve thee, of this thing do me to wit;15···············
So shall our bond of friendship and peace be abidingly knit."16··/˘··/˘···˘/˘˘·
Then to his fair bride's father Giselher straightway spake:13·····/˘···/˘·
"Let peace and love between us be a bond that none shall break.14··············
The troth-plight of friendship ever do thou and thine maintain.14····/˘/˘····˘/
Go fearless forth of the palace, thou and thy vassal-train."14·/˘···/˘···/˘·
When Rüdiger, Lord of the Marches, passed free through the guarded15·······/˘····/˘
door,1·
There went with him five hundred--yea, peradventure more--13·····/˘······
Friends of the Lord of Bechlaren and his trusty vassal-throng:15··········/˘/˘·
But of that fair faith unto Gunther great scathe befell ere long.15·······/˘··˘/··
Now it happed that a knight of the Hunfolk beheld King Etzel go16··········˘/·/˘·
Safe under Dietrich's shielding, and would fain 'scape even so;14···/˘/˘····/˘·
But with a stroke so deadly the viol-minstrel swept13·····/˘·/˘/˘·
The head from the skulker's shoulders, that to Etzel's feet it leapt.15······/˘··/˘···
So when the Lord of Hunland came forth from the battle-wrack,14···········/˘·
He turned him about, and at Volker he looked in amazement back--16·······/˘···˘/˘·
"Woe's me for the guests I have harboured! O day of sorrow and bane16·······/˘···/˘··
Wherein beneath their prowess all these my knights fall slain!13·····/˘······
Woe's me for my festal high-tide!" that king of nations said:14····/˘·····/˘·
"Within there fighteth a warrior, Volker, a name of dread.15···/˘·/˘˘/˘····
Like some wild boar he rageth--and a minstrel him they name!14·········/˘···
Thank Heaven that safe from the talons of this foul fiend I came!15·/˘····/˘······
Doom rings and sings in his measures, red are the strokes of his bow;15······/˘·······
In his notes I hear the death-knell of many a knight laid low.15·········/˘····
What hath the viol-minstrel against us know I not.13···/˘/˘······
Never by guest such sorrow upon mine house was brought!"13/˘···/˘······
(C) Straight to their harbourage went they, those noble warriors15··········/˘/˘˘
twain,1·
Rüdiger, Lord of the Marches, and Dietrich, Bern's great thane.14······/˘·/˘···
Themselves were steadfast-minded aloof from the quarrel to stay,15˘/·/·/˘˘/··/˘··
And they straitly commanded their vassals to have nought to do with16··/˘˘/˘·/˘······
the fray.2··
(C) Yet had those guests had foreknowledge of the mischief hard by15······˘/˘··/˘··
the door,2··
To be wrought by those two heroes, which for them fate had in store,15······/˘·······
Verily not so lightly had they won that hall-way through14/˘˘··/˘·······
Ere those grim portal-keepers with the sword had smitten them too.15···/˘/˘····/˘··
All whom they would had they suffered by this to pass from within;15······/˘·······
Then again brake forth in the feast-hall a yet more fearful din.15·˘/·········/˘·
Grimly the guests avenged them for the broken troth and the wrong.15/˘··˘/···/˘····
Ha, how were the helmets cloven by the arm of Volker the strong!16····/˘/˘····/˘··
To the clash of that deadly music King Gunther turned him about--16·····/˘/˘·/˘····
"Hearst thou the tunes, O Hagen, that Volker beateth out13·····/˘·/˘/˘·
On the heads of the Huns, whosoever essay the door that he keeps?17·······˘/˘˘/·····
Red are the strings of the viol whereover his swift bow leaps!"15······/˘·······
"Sore is mine heart above measure for this thing," Hagen replied,15······/˘···/˘˘/
"That in this hall-feast I am sundered afar from the good thane's15·······/˘˘/····
side1·
Ever was I his comrade, and he true comrade to me.14/˘···/····/···
We will dwell, if we win home ever, in love and loyalty.15·······/˘···/˘˘
Behold, Lord King, is Volker to thee not faithful-souled?13˘/···/˘···/˘·
Nobly he earneth guerdon of thy silver and thy gold!14/˘·/˘/˘··/˘···
His viol-bow goeth cleaving the adamant steel in twain,14·/˘··/˘·/˘˘···
And the gemmed helm-crests are shattered and scattered in flashing14······/˘·/˘·/˘
rain.1·
Never beheld I minstrel stand such a lord of the fray14/˘˘/·/˘·······
As Volker the thane hath proved him on this his glory-day.14·/˘········/˘·
Hark, how through helm and shield-plate his measures clash and gride!13········/˘···
He shall yet wear kingly raiment, and goodly steeds bestride."14····/˘/˘·/˘·˘/
So fought they on, till of Hunfolk that in that hall had been14··············
Through all its mist of slaughter no living man was seen.13·····/˘·/˘···
There was none to fight, and the uproar was hushed, the tumult died.15·······/····/˘·
From their hands the aweless heroes laid now their swords aside.14····/˘/˘····˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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