The Salt Song

Nikolai Nekrasov (1821–1878) · 1917

anapaestic dimeter · 216 lines · from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?

Now none but GodCan save my son:He's dying fast,My little one....

I give him bread---He looks at it,He cries to me,"Put salt on it."I have no salt--No tiny grain;"Take flour," God whispers,"Try again...."

He tastes it once,Once more he tries;"That's not enough,More salt!" he cries.

The flour again....My tears fall fastUpon the bread,--He eats at last!

The mother smilesIn pride and joy:Her tears so saltHave saved the boy.

Young Grisha rememberedThis song; he would sing itQuite low to himselfIn the clerical college.The college was cheerless,And singing this songHe would yearn for his mother,For home, for the peasants,His friends and protectors.And soon, with the loveWhich he bore to his mother,His love for the peopleGrew wider and stronger....At fifteen years oldHe was firmly decidedTo spend his whole lifeIn promoting their welfare,In striving to succourThe poor and afflicted.The demon of maliceToo long over RussiaHas scattered its hate;The shadow of serfdomHas hidden all pathsSave corruption and lying.Another song nowWill arise throughout Russia;The angel of freedomAnd mercy is flyingUnseen o'er our heads,And is calling strong spiritsTo follow the roadWhich is honest and clean.

Oh, tread not the roadSo shining and broad:Along it there speedWith feverish treadThe multitudes ledBy infamous greed.

There lives which are spentWith noble intentAre mocked at in scorn;There souls lie in chains,And bodies and brainsBy passions are torn,

By animal thirstFor pleasures accurstWhich pass in a breath.There hope is in vain,For there is the reignOf darkness and death.

In front of your eyesAnother road lies--'Tis honest and clean.Though steep it appearsAnd sorrow and tearsUpon it are seen:

It leads to the doorOf those who are poor,Who hunger and thirst,Who pant without air.Who die in despair--Oh, there be the first!

The song of the angelOf Mercy not vainlyWas sung to our Grisha.The years of his studyBeing passed, he developedIn thought and in feeling;A passionate singerOf Freedom became he,Of all who are grieving,Down-trodden, afflicted,In Russia so vast.

The bright sun was shining,The cool, fragrant morningWas filled with the sweetnessOf newly-mown hay.Young Grisha was thoughtful,He followed the first roadHe met--an old high-road,An avenue, shadedBy tall curling birch trees.The youth was now gloomy,Now gay; the effectOf the feast was still with him;His thoughts were at work,And in song he expressed them:

"I know that you suffer,O Motherland dear,The thought of it fills me with woe:And Fate has much sorrowIn store yet, I fear,But you will not perish, I know.

"How long since your childrenAs playthings were used,As slaves to base passions and lust;Were bartered like cattle,Were vilely abusedBy masters most cruel and unjust?

"How long since young maidensWere dragged to their shame,Since whistle of whips filled the land,Since 'Service' possessedA more terrible fameThan death by the torturer's hand?

"Enough! It is finished,This tale of the past;'Tis ended, the masters' long sway;The strength of the peopleIs stirring at last,To freedom 'twill point them the way.

"Your burden grows lighter,O Motherland dear,Your wounds less appalling to see.Your fathers were slaves,Smitten helpless by fear,But, Mother, your children are free!"

A small winding footpathNow tempted young Grisha,And guided his stepsTo a very broad hayfield.The peasants were cuttingThe hay, and were singingHis favourite song.Young Grisha was saddenedBy thoughts of his mother,And nearly in angerHe hurried awayFrom the field to the forest.Bright echoes are dartingAbout in the forest;Like quails in the wheatLittle children are romping(The elder ones workIn the hay fields already).He stopped awhile, seekingFor horse-chestnuts with them.The sun was now hot;To the river went GrishaTo bathe, and he hadA good view of the ruinsThat three days beforeHad been burnt. What a picture!No house is left standing;And only the prisonIs saved; just a few daysAgo it was whitewashed;It stands like a littleWhite cow in the pastures.The guards and officialsHave made it their refuge;But all the poor peasantsAre strewn by the riverLike soldiers in camp.Though they're mostly asleep now,A few are astir,And two under-officialsAre picking their wayTo the tent for some vodka'Mid tables and cupboardsAnd waggons and bundles.A tailor approachesThe vodka tent also;A shrivelled old fellow.His irons and his scissorsHe holds in his hands,Like a leaf he is shaking.The pope has arisenFrom sleep, full of prayers.He is combing his hair;Like a girl he is holdingHis long shining plait.Down the Volga comes floatingSome wood-laden rafts,And three ponderous bargesAre anchored beneathThe right bank of the river.The barge-tower yesterdayEvening had dragged themWith songs to their places,And there he is standing,The poor harassed man!He is looking quite gay though,As if on a holiday,Has a clean shirt on;Some farthings are jinglingAloud in his pocket.Young Grisha observes himFor long from the river,And, half to himself,Half aloud, begins singing:

Words in this poem 21
yearn v. t.
To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of OE. ermen to grieve, AS. ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman, fr. earm wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. arm, Icel. armr,]
succour v. t.
tiono run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city. [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre, secorre, F. secourir, L. succurrere, succursum, to run under, run to the aid of, help, succor; sub under + currere to run.]
serfdom n.
The state or condition of a serf.
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
greed n.
An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain. [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. graedhr. sq. root34. See Greedy.]
accurst p. p.
Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an accursed deed.
pant v. i.
To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp. [Cf. F. panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have t]
avenue n.
A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit. [F. avenue, fr. avenir to come to, L. advenire. See Advene.]
motherland n.
The country of one's ancestors; -- same as fatherland.
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
appalling a.
Such as to appall; as, an appalling accident.
footpath n.
A narrow path or way for pedestrains only; a footway.
hayfield n.
A field where grass for hay has been cut; a meadow.
romping a.
Inclined to romp; indulging in romps.
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
astir adv.
Stirring; in a state of activity or motion; out of bed. [Pref. a- + stir.]
vodka n.
A Russian drink distilled from rye. [Russ.]
anchored a.
Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; as, an anchored bark; also, shaped like an anchor; forked; as, an anchored tongue.
jingling n.
The act or process of producing a jingle; also, the sound itself; a chink.
aloud adv.
With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Salt Song is in the public domain. This text is taken from Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia?, Project Gutenberg ebook #9619; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Nikolai Nekrasov, The Salt Song, in Who Can Be Happy and Free in Russia? (1917), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9619, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/nekrasov-who-can-be-happy/the-salt-song.html, id L25523.

Form and metre

The Salt Song is 216 lines in 19 stanzas. The metre is anapaestic dimeter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%).

See other poems in anapaestic dimeter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A god · sonA · fast · oneA
  2. 2 -A-A-B-B bread · itA · me · itA · salt · grainB · whispers · againB
  3. 3 -A-A once · triesA · enough · criesA
  4. 4 -A-A again · fastA · bread · lastA
  5. 5 -A-A smiles · joyA · salt · boyA
  6. 6 ------------------------A---A---- remembered · it · himself · college · cheerless · song · mother · peasants · protectors · love · mother · people · stronger · old · decided · life · welfare · succour · afflicted · malice · russia · hate · serfdom · paths · lyingA · now · russia · freedom · flyingA · heads · spirits · road · clean
  7. 7 --ABBA road · broad · speedA · treadB · ledB · greedA
  8. 8 AABCCB spentA · intentA · scornB · chainsC · brainsC · tornB
  9. 9 AABCCB thirstA · accurstA · breathB · vainC · reignC · deathB
  10. 10 AABCCB eyesA · liesA · cleanB · appearsC · tearsC · seenB
  11. 11 --ABBA door · poor · thirstA · airB · despairB · firstA
  12. 13 -----AAA------ shining · morning · sweetness · hay · thoughtful · roadA · roadA · shadedA · trees · gloomy · effect · him · work · them
  13. 14 -AB-AB suffer · dearA · woeB · sorrow · fearA · knowB
  14. 15 -AB-AB children · usedA · lustB · cattle · abusedA · unjustB
  15. 16 -AB-AB maidens · shameA · landB · possessed · fameA · handB
  16. 17 -AB-AB finished · pastA · swayB · people · lastA · wayB
  17. 18 -AB-AB lighter · dearA · seeB · slaves · fearA · freeB
  18. 19 ----AAA---------------------B--B------------------------------------------ footpath · grisha · steps · hayfield · cuttingA · singingA · songA · saddened · mother · anger · away · forest · darting · forest · wheat · romping · work · already · seeking · them · hot · grisha · had · ruins · before · picture · standing · prison · daysB · whitewashed · little · pasturesB · officials · refuge · peasants · river · camp · now · astir · officials · way · vodka · cupboards · bundles · approaches · also · fellow · scissors · hands · shaking · arisen · prayers · hair · holding · plait · floating · rafts · barges · beneath · river · yesterday · them · places · standing · man · though · holiday · on · jingling · pocket · him · river · himself · singing
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against anapaestic dimeter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Now none but God4····
Can save my son:4····
He's dying fast,4·/˘·
My little one....4·/˘·
I give him bread---4····
He looks at it,4····
He cries to me,4····
"Put salt on it."4····
I have no salt--4····
No tiny grain;4·/˘·
"Take flour," God whispers,6·/˘·/˘
"Try again...."3·˘/
He tastes it once,4····
Once more he tries;4····
"That's not enough,4··˘/
More salt!" he cries.4····
The flour again....5·/˘˘/
My tears fall fast4····
Upon the bread,--4····
He eats at last!4····
The mother smiles4·/˘·
In pride and joy:4····
Her tears so salt4····
Have saved the boy.5··˘··
Young Grisha remembered6···˘/˘
This song; he would sing it6······
Quite low to himself5···˘/
In the clerical college.7··/˘˘/˘
The college was cheerless,6·/˘·/˘
And singing this song5·/˘··
He would yearn for his mother,7·····/˘
For home, for the peasants,6····/˘
His friends and protectors.6···˘/˘
And soon, with the love5·····
Which he bore to his mother,7·····/˘
His love for the people6····/˘
Grew wider and stronger....6·/˘·/˘
At fifteen years old5·˘/··
He was firmly decided7··/˘˘/˘
To spend his whole life5·····
In promoting their welfare,7·˘/˘·/·
In striving to succour6·/˘·/˘
The poor and afflicted.6···˘/˘
The demon of malice6·/˘·/˘
Too long over Russia6····/˘
Has scattered its hate;6·/˘˘··
The shadow of serfdom6·/····
Has hidden all paths5·/˘··
Save corruption and lying.7·˘/˘·/˘
Another song now5˘/˘··
Will arise throughout Russia;7·˘/··/˘
The angel of freedom6·/˘·/˘
And mercy is flying6·/˘·/˘
Unseen o'er our heads,6˘/·/˘·
And is calling strong spirits7··/˘·/˘
To follow the road5·/˘··
Which is honest and clean.6··/˘··
Oh, tread not the road5·····
So shining and broad:5·/˘··
Along it there speed5˘/···
With feverish tread5·/˘˘·
The multitudes led5·/˘··
By infamous greed.5·/˘˘·
There lives which are spent5·····
With noble intent5·/˘˘/
Are mocked at in scorn;6··˘···
There souls lie in chains,5·····
And bodies and brains5·/˘··
By passions are torn,5·/˘··
By animal thirst5·/˘˘·
For pleasures accurst5·/˘··
Which pass in a breath.5·····
There hope is in vain,5·····
For there is the reign5·····
Of darkness and death.5·/˘··
In front of your eyes5·····
Another road lies--5˘/˘··
'Tis honest and clean.5·/˘··
Though steep it appears5···˘/
And sorrow and tears5·/˘··
Upon it are seen:5·····
It leads to the door5·····
Of those who are poor,5·····
Who hunger and thirst,5·/˘··
Who pant without air.5·····
Who die in despair--5···˘/
Oh, there be the first!5·····
The song of the angel6····/˘
Of Mercy not vainly6·/˘·/˘
Was sung to our Grisha.6···/··
The years of his study6····/˘
Being passed, he developed7/˘··˘/˘
In thought and in feeling;6····/˘
A passionate singer6·/˘˘/˘
Of Freedom became he,6·/˘˘/·
Of all who are grieving,6····/˘
Down-trodden, afflicted,6·/˘˘/˘
In Russia so vast.5·/˘··
The bright sun was shining,6····/˘
The cool, fragrant morning6··/˘/˘
Was filled with the sweetness6····/˘
Of newly-mown hay.5·/˘··
Young Grisha was thoughtful,6····/˘
He followed the first road6·/˘···
He met--an old high-road,6······
An avenue, shaded6·/˘·/˘
By tall curling birch trees.6··/˘··
The youth was now gloomy,6····/˘
Now gay; the effect5···˘/
Of the feast was still with him;7·······
His thoughts were at work,5·····
And in song he expressed them:7····˘/·
"I know that you suffer,6····/˘
O Motherland dear,5·/˘··
The thought of it fills me with woe:8········
And Fate has much sorrow6····/˘
In store yet, I fear,5·····
But you will not perish, I know.8····/˘··
"How long since your children6····/˘
As playthings were used,5·/···
As slaves to base passions and lust;8····/˘··
Were bartered like cattle,6·/˘·/˘
Were vilely abused6····˘/
By masters most cruel and unjust?8·/˘·/·˘/
"How long since young maidens6····/˘
Were dragged to their shame,6··˘···
Since whistle of whips filled the land,8·/˘·····
Since 'Service' possessed6·/˘˘/˘
A more terrible fame6··/˘˘·
Than death by the torturer's hand?7····/˘·
"Enough! It is finished,6˘/··/˘
This tale of the past;5·····
'Tis ended, the masters' long sway;8·/˘·/˘··
The strength of the people6····/˘
Is stirring at last,5·/˘··
To freedom 'twill point them the way.8·/˘·····
"Your burden grows lighter,6·/˘·/˘
O Motherland dear,5·/˘··
Your wounds less appalling to see.8···˘/˘··
Your fathers were slaves,5·/˘··
Smitten helpless by fear,6/˘/˘··
But, Mother, your children are free!"8·/˘·/˘··
A small winding footpath6··/˘/·
Now tempted young Grisha,6·/˘···
And guided his steps5·/˘··
To a very broad hayfield.7··/˘·/·
The peasants were cutting6·/˘·/˘
The hay, and were singing6····/˘
His favourite song.5·····
Young Grisha was saddened6····/˘
By thoughts of his mother,6····/˘
And nearly in anger6·/˘·/˘
He hurried away5·/˘˘/
From the field to the forest.7·····/˘
Bright echoes are darting6·/˘·/˘
About in the forest;6····/˘
Like quails in the wheat5·····
Little children are romping7/˘/˘·/˘
(The elder ones work5·/˘··
In the hay fields already).7····˘/˘
He stopped awhile, seeking6··˘//˘
For horse-chestnuts with them.6··/˘··
The sun was now hot;5·····
To the river went Grisha7··/˘···
To bathe, and he had5·····
A good view of the ruins7·····/˘
That three days before5·····
Had been burnt. What a picture!7·····/˘
No house is left standing;6····/˘
And only the prison6·/˘·/˘
Is saved; just a few days6······
Ago it was whitewashed;6˘/··/·
It stands like a little6····/˘
White cow in the pastures.6····/˘
The guards and officials6···˘/˘
Have made it their refuge;6····/˘
But all the poor peasants6····/˘
Are strewn by the river6····/˘
Like soldiers in camp.5·/˘··
Though they're mostly asleep now,7··/˘˘/·
A few are astir,5···˘/
And two under-officials7····˘/˘
Are picking their way5·/˘··
To the tent for some vodka7·····/˘
'Mid tables and cupboards6·/˘·/˘
And waggons and bundles.6····/˘
A tailor approaches6·/˘˘/˘
The vodka tent also;6·/˘·/˘
A shrivelled old fellow.6·/˘·/˘
His irons and his scissors7·/˘··/˘
He holds in his hands,5·····
Like a leaf he is shaking.7·····/˘
The pope has arisen6···˘/˘
From sleep, full of prayers.5·····
He is combing his hair;6··/˘··
Like a girl he is holding7·····/˘
His long shining plait.5··/˘·
Down the Volga comes floating7··/˘·/˘
Some wood-laden rafts,5··/˘·
And three ponderous barges7··/˘˘/˘
Are anchored beneath6·/˘˘··
The right bank of the river.7·····/˘
The barge-tower yesterday6··//˘·
Evening had dragged them6/˘··˘·
With songs to their places,6····/˘
And there he is standing,6····/˘
The poor harassed man!6··˘/˘·
He is looking quite gay though,7··/˘···
As if on a holiday,7····/˘·
Has a clean shirt on;5·····
Some farthings are jingling7·/˘·/˘˘
Aloud in his pocket.6˘/··/˘
Young Grisha observes him6···˘/·
For long from the river,6····/˘
And, half to himself,5···˘/
Half aloud, begins singing:7·˘/˘//˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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